ME LAB 3

ACTIVITY # 1
Alata | Arias | Aron | Bagalihog
Briones | Cruz | Dizon | Paulino | Tamayao

BSME 4-1
A steam boiler on a test generates 885, 000 lb of
steam in a 4 hr period. The average steam in a 4 hr
period. The average steam pressure is 400 psia, the
average steam temperature is 700 °F and the
average temperature of the feedwater supplied to
the boiler is 280 °F. If the boiler efficiency for the
period is 82.5% and if the coal has a heating value
of 13,850 BTU/lb as fired, find the average amount
of coal burned in short tons per hour.
Given: Solution:

𝑚𝑠 = 221250 𝑙𝑏 ℎ𝑟
𝑚𝑠 = 85,000 𝑙𝑏 4 ℎ𝑟
At 400 psia, 700°F: ℎ𝑠 = 1362.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑙𝑏
𝑃𝑠 = 400 psia
At 280°F: ℎ𝑓 = 249.1 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑙𝑏
𝑡𝑠 = 700°F
𝑡𝑤 = 280°F
𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓
𝑒𝑏𝑜 = 82.5% 𝑒𝑏𝑜 =
𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝐻𝑉
HHV = 13850 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑙𝑏
221250 𝑙𝑏 ℎ𝑟 1362.7 − 249.1 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑙𝑏
0.825 =
Required: 𝑚𝑓 𝑚𝑓 13850 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑙𝑏

𝑚𝑓 = 21563 𝑙𝑏 ℎ𝑟 1 𝑡𝑜𝑛 2000 𝑙𝑏

𝑚𝑓 = 10.78 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑟

A steam generating unit produces steam at the
rate of 10kg/s at 5 MPa, 450 °C which is
continuously blown down at 0.25 kg/s. Feedwater
enters the economizer at 100 °C. Coal with a
heating value of 42, 000 KJ/kg as fired is burned at
the rate of 1kg/s. What is the over-all efficiency of
the steam boiler?
A steam generating unit receives feedwater at 5 MPa,
200 °C and delivers steam at 4.5 MPa, 320 °C at rate of
30, 000 kg per hour. The main stream turbine has a
steam rate of 6.5 kg/kw-hr of generator output.
Auxiliaries use steam as follows:
forced – draft fan 25 KW
induced – draft fan 40 KW
soot blower 3, 300 kg/ day

If fuel with a higher heating value of 40, 000 KJ/kg as fired

is consumed at the rate of 1, 890 kg per hour account for
the steam generator net efficiency. Find the Net Boiler
Efficiency.
Given:
Feedwater (taken from Table 4)
Solution:
𝑃𝑓 = 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑡𝑓 = 200°𝐶
𝑀𝑠(ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓)
𝑒𝑏 =
𝑘𝐽
𝑀𝑓(𝐻𝐻𝑉)
ℎ𝑓 = 853.9 𝑘𝑔
(30,000 − 560⋆ )(3000.6 − 853.9)
Steam (from Table 3) =
11890(40000)
𝑃𝑠 = 4.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑡𝑠 = 320°𝐶 𝑒𝑏 = 0.836 → 83.6%
𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑠 = 3000.6
𝑘𝑔

Steam Rate: 6.5 kg/kw-hr ⋆

HHV: 4000 kg/hr How did we get 560 kg/hr.
Ms: 30,000 kg/hr Steam used by the auxiliary:
Mf: 1890 kg/hr
𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
3300 + 6.5 25 + 40 𝑘𝑤 = 560
𝑑𝑎𝑦 24ℎ 𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑘𝑤 −ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

Required:
𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (𝑒𝑏 )
A straight-tube boiler with an effective heating
surface of 1496 m2 produces steam at the rate of
3.9 Mtons/hr. Feedwater enters at 95 °C and steam
leaves at 4.5 MPa, 320 °C. If bunker fuel with
heating value 42, 500 KJ/kg is consumed at the
rate of 1, 700 kg/ hr, determine the equivalent
specific evaporation.
 Solution:
Given:
Using molier chart and steam table:
HS = 1496 m2
At 95 ⁰C: hfw = 397.96 kJ/kg
Ms = 3.9 Mtons/hour
At 4.5 MPa; 320 ⁰C: hs = 3000.6 KJ/kg
Mf = 1700 kg/hr
𝐸𝑆𝐸 = 𝐴𝑆𝐸 𝐹𝐸
HHV = 42500 kJ/kg Solve for ASE:
Feedwater temperature: 95 ⁰C 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 1 𝑘𝑔 109 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑠 3.9 𝑥 −9 3.9 𝑥
ℎ𝑟 10 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 = ℎ𝑟 = 2294117.647
Steam pressure: 4.5 MPa 𝐴𝑆𝐸 = =
𝑚𝑓 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
1700 1700
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
Steam temperature: 320 ⁰C Solve for FE:
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 3000.6 − 397.96
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
Required: ESE 𝐹𝐸 = = = 1.15
2257 𝑘𝐽
2257
𝑘𝑔
Solve for ESE:
𝐸𝑆𝐸 = 𝐴𝑆𝐸 𝐹𝐸 = 2294117.647 1.15 = 2645461.893
A horizontal return tubular boiler with a heating
surface of 2,000 m2 generates steam at 4.5 kg/s.
Feedwater enters at 5 MPa, 20 °C and steam leaves
at 5 MPa, 350 °C. Calculate for the percent rating
developed if coal with a heating value of 20, 000
KJ/kg is burned at the rate of 9 Mtons per hour.
Given:

𝑀𝑠 = 4.5
𝑘𝑔 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑜. 𝐻𝑃
𝑠

𝑃4 = 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑡4 = 20 ℃ 𝐻.𝑆 2000 𝑚 2
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑜. 𝐻𝑃 = 1.1
= 1.1
𝑃1 = 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑡1 = 350 ℃ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑜. 𝐻𝑃 = 1818.18 𝐵𝑜. 𝐻𝑃
𝐾𝐽
𝐻𝑉 = 20,000 𝑘𝑔

𝐻. 𝑆 = 2,000 𝑚2 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐻𝑃:

Required: Percent Rating Developed 𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑠−ℎ𝑓

𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑜. 𝐻𝑃 = 35322

Solution: 𝑘𝑔 𝐾𝐽 𝑠
4.5 3068 .4+1154 .23 3600
𝑠 𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑟
𝐷 =
𝑃𝑅 = 𝑅 35,322 𝐾𝐽 /ℎ𝑟

𝐺𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ℎ1 : (𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒, 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 3) 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑜. 𝐻𝑃 = 877.91 𝐵𝑜. 𝐻𝑃
𝑃1 = 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑇1 = 350 + 273 𝐾 = 623 𝐾
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔:
𝐾𝐽
ℎ1 = 3068.4 𝑘𝑔
𝐷
𝑃𝑅 = 𝑅 𝑥 100%
𝐺𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ℎ4: (𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒, 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2)]
877.91
𝑃4 = 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑃𝑅 = 1818 .18 𝑥 100%
𝑇4 = 20 + 273 = 293 𝐾
𝑃𝑅 = 48.29%
𝐾𝐽
ℎ4 = 1154.23 𝑘𝑔
What is the developed boiler horsepower if the
steam rate is 0.85 kg/s and the factor of
evaporation is 1.25.
The heating value of fuel supplied in a boiler is 40,
000 kJ/kg. If the factor of evaporation is 1.10 and
the actual specific evaporation is 10, what is the
efficiency of the boiler?
Given: Solution:

𝐴. 𝑆. 𝐸 = 10 𝐴𝑆𝐸[ 𝐹𝐸 2257]
𝑒𝑏𝑜 =
𝑄𝑛
𝐹. 𝐸 = 1.10
10[ 1.10 2257]
𝑘𝑗 =
𝑄𝑛 = 40000 40000
𝑘𝑔
𝒆𝒃𝒐 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟎𝟕 𝒐𝒓 𝟔𝟐. 𝟎𝟕%
Required:
𝑒𝑏𝑜 = ?
Two boilers has capacities of 200 kg/hr and 250
kg/hr. If 150, 000 kg of coal are supplied to two
boilers, how many days to consume the available
fuel?
Given: Required:
𝑘𝑔
200 ℎ𝑟 days to consume = ?
𝑘𝑔
250 ℎ𝑟

150,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑙

Solution:
let x = # of days to consume
150,000 𝑘𝑔
𝑥= 𝑘𝑔
200+250
ℎ𝑟

1 𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑥 = 333.33 ℎ𝑟𝑠 ×
24 ℎ𝑟𝑠

𝑥 = 13.89 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 ≈ 14 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

What is the rate of evaporation of a water tube
boiler if the factor of evaporation is 1.10, percent
rating of 200 % and the heating surface area is 250
m2?
Two boilers are operating steadily on 91, 000 kg of
coal contained in a bunker. One boiler is producing
1, 591 kg of steam per hour at 1.2 factor of
evaporation and an efficiency of 65 % and another
boiler produced 1364 kg of steam per hour at 1.15
factor of evaporation and an efficiency of 60 %.
How many hrs will the coal in the bunker run the
boilers if the heating value of coal is 7, 590 kCal/kg?
 Solution:

ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓
Given: 𝐹. 𝐸. =
𝑘𝐽
2257
𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑠𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 1
= 1591 𝑘𝑔𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 /ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝐽 𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 1 = 0.65
𝐹. 𝐸. (2257 ) = ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓
𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑠𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 2
= 1364 𝑘𝑔𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 /ℎ𝑟 𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 2 = 0.60

𝐹. 𝐸.𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 1= 1.2 For boiler 1: 𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 = 91000 𝑘𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑙 For boiler 2:

𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 𝑠 𝑠 𝑓 𝑚 ℎ −ℎ
𝐹. 𝐸.𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 2= 1.15 𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 1 =
𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝐻𝑉
𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑘𝐽
𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 2 =
𝑚 𝐻𝐻𝑉
𝐻𝐻𝑉
= 7590 4.187 𝑓

𝑚𝑠 𝐹. 𝐸. 2257
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑠 𝐹. 𝐸. 2257
𝑘𝐽
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 = 0.65 𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 1 = 𝑘𝐽 𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 2 =
1 𝐻𝐻𝑉 = 31779.33
𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝐻𝑉 𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝐻𝑉
1591
𝑘𝑔
1.2 2257
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔 1364
𝑘𝑔
1.15 2257
𝑘𝐽
𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 2 = 0.60 0.65 =
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔
0.60 =
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝑓 31779.33 𝑚𝑓 31779.33
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 = 91000 𝑘𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑓1 = 208.605 𝑚𝑓2 = 185.673
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝐽
𝐻𝐻𝑉 = 7590 4.187
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝐻𝐻𝑉 = 31779.33 𝑚𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 = 𝑚𝑓1 + 𝑚𝑓2 = 208.605 + 185.673 = 394.278
𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 91000 𝑘𝑔
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = = = 230.80 ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑚𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑘𝑔
394.278
ℎ𝑟
A travelling-grate stoker can burn bituminous coal
with 10 % moisture and 10 % ash at a rate of 500,
000 BTU/ hr-ft2. A boiler with a steam rating of 200,
000 lb/hr will be fired with the above fuel having
high heat value of 12,200 BTU/ lb. If the boiler
efficiency is 80 %, and if it takes 1, 000 BTU to
evaporate and superheat one pound of feedwater
to the desired temperature, find the hourly coal
supply and grate area needed.
Given: Solution: For Hourly coal supplied:
Steam rate: 200,000 lb/hr Hourly coal supplied: 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄𝑠 250,000,000
= ℎ𝑟
h: 1000 BTU/lb 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑄𝑡 : 𝐻𝐻𝑉 𝐵𝑇𝑈
12,200
𝑙𝑏
𝑒𝑏 : 0.8 𝑄𝑡 = 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒(ℎ)
𝑄𝑠 𝑙𝑏
𝑙𝑏 𝐵𝑇𝑈 = 20,491.8
HHV: 12,200 lb/hr = 200,000 1000 𝐻𝐻𝑉 ℎ𝑟
ℎ𝑟 𝑙𝑏
Rate of burn to area: 500 BTU/hr-ft2
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄𝑡 = 200,000,000 For Grate area:
ℎ𝑟
Required: 𝑄𝑠
=
𝐵𝑇𝑈
500,000
Hourly coal supplied 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑄𝑠 : ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2
Grate area 𝑄𝑡 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄𝑠 = 250,000,000
𝑒𝑏 = ℎ𝑟
𝐵𝑇𝑈
500,000
𝐵𝑇𝑈 ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2
200,000,000
= ℎ𝑟
0.8 = 500 𝑓𝑡 2
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄𝑠 = 250,000,000
ℎ𝑟