Previous Year Words by Tarun Grover

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1. Expedite (v.) – make (an action or process) happen sooner or be

accomplished more quickly - शीघ्र
Example
Speed Up
1) He promised to expedite economic reforms.
2) Something needs to be done to expedite the process.
Syno - speed up, accelerate, hurry, hasten
Hint - EXPEDITE ~ Exped (sounds like speed) + It; so expedite means

to speed up the progress of something.
2. Transgression (n.) – the act or process of breaking a law or moral rule

- उल्लं घन
Example Trans ne kiya aggression, ho gaya Crime!
1) Who is supposed to have committed these transgressions?
2) Driving 100 mph in a 55 mph zone is an example of a transgression.
Syno – offence, crime, sin, wrongdoing
Hint - Trans + aggression....imagine the army of Pakistan aggressively

crossing the Line of Control (LOC) and hence violating the law trans
(=across) border.
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3. Impinge (v.) - have an effect, especially a negative one - असर होना

Example-
Usne pinch kiya
1) Several factors impinge on market efficiency. - uska hath collide kiya
2) The government's spending limits will seriously impinge on
the education budget. - mujhe attack kiya
- mujhpe bura asar hua
- An example of impinge is being in a person's personal space-
encroach - अतिक्रमण करना
Example -
1) To impinge on someone's time
2) Impinge on other people's rights
- To collide (with); strike - टकराना

Example -
1) I heard the rain impinge upon the earth.
2) Rays of light impinging on the eye.
Syno - collide, crash, hit, impact, knock, ram, slam, smash
Hint - im + pinge (pinch). When someone pinches you they infringe on

your privacy and they touch you.
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4. Hegemony (n.) – Hegemony is a situation in which one country,

organization, or group has more power, control, or importance than others
- प्राधान्य Usa is the hegemony of world because
Example of it's huge money.
1) The three nations competed for regional hegemony.
2) Battled for hegemony in Asia
Syno – leadership, dominance, dominion, supremacy
Hint – Huge + money. One who have huge money, he always

dominates
5. Arbitration (n.) - Arbitration is the judging of a dispute between people or

groups by someone who is not involved - मध्यस्थता
Example-
1) Both sides in the dispute have agreed to go to arbitration.
2) They agreed to settle the dispute by arbitration.
Syno - decision, settlement, judgment, negotiation, conciliation,

adjudication
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6. Deadlock (n.) – a situation, typically one involving opposing parties, in

which no progress can be made - गततरोध Father dead, sons are fighting
Example- for lock, Case Deadlock!
1) If a dispute or series of negotiations reaches deadlock, neither side
is willing to give in at all and no agreement can be made.
2) Somebody will have to compromise if we are to break (= end) the
deadlock between the two warring factions.
Syno - Tie, dilemma, impasse, standoff, pause, draw, predicament
Hint - Dead + Lock. The dead can’t move (still) and lock (firmly kept in
one place)
7. Concede (v.) - admit or agree that something is true after first denying or
resisting it - स्वीकार करना Cede nahi kr paya conquer
Example Na chahte hue bhi haar Maanni padi
1) I had to concede that I'd overreacted
2) The government has conceded (that) the new tax policy has been
a disaster.
- To admit that you have lost in a competition

Example-
1) She conceded even before all the votes had been counted.
2) He kept on arguing and wouldn't concede defeat.
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-To allow somebody to take something although you do not want

to - अतधकार प्रदान करना
Example –
1) They lost the war and had to concede territory to their enemy.
2) Britain conceded (= allowed) independence to India in 1947.
Syno – surrender, yield, give up, relinquish
Hint - Concede = Cede (Surrender) … Surrender and accept something

to be true reluctantly.
8. Plebiscite (n.) - A plebiscite is a direct vote by the people of a country or

region in which they say whether they agree or disagree with a
particular policy, for example whether a region should become an
independent state - जनमत Public Plebisicite(vote) for me
Example cause of my publicity.
1) The administration will hold a plebiscite for the approval of
constitutional reforms.
2) The issue will be decided by plebiscite.
Syno - vote, poll, referendum, ballot
Hint - By Plebiscite we mean - People cite their opinion towards some

issue
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9. Disparate (adj.) – things are clearly different from each other in quality or
type - तिन्न
"this-separate"
Example-
1) They inhabit disparate worlds of thought.
2) The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard
to adapt from one to the other.
Syno – contrasting, different, differing, dissimilar, unlike
Hint - Disparate can be broken as: "This" "sEparate" so read as "this is

separate"!
10. Confabulate (v.) – to talk together in an informal way; chat - बातचीत

Example- "Conference" at table
1) She could be heard on the telephone confabulating with someone.
- to invent experiences or events that did not really happen –

काल्पतनक घटनाएं
Example -1) He confabulated a version in which
the President praised him for the good work he was doing.
Syno - chat, conversation, rap, words

Hint - it sounds like conference ( confa)+ table ( bu-late). so think
conference table. What is done in conference table? Surely discussion
on something goes on.
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11. Marginalize (v.) - to treat someone or something as if they are

not important - अतधकारहीन करना
Hr sales pe margin to choti hi hoti h
Example-
1) Now that English has taken over as the main language, the country’s
native language has been marginalized.
2) We are protesting policies that marginalize women.
Syno - Demean, deprecate, diminish, disparage, belittle
12. Grit (n) - very small pieces of stone or sand

Crow throw a grit
Example- Get water
1) The road had been covered with grit. Cause of his grit (courage)
- Courage and determination despite difficulty - साहस

Example –
1) It takes true (= real) grit to stand up to a bully.
2) You've got to admire her grit.
Syno – courage, bravery
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13. Ostensible (adj.) – appearing or claiming to be one thing when it is really

something else or appearing to be true, or stated by someone to be true,
but possibly false - प्रत्यक्ष O tense h wo, sensible h
Example- isiliye dikha nahi raha !
1) An ostensible cheerfulness concealing sadness.
2) His ostensible purpose was charity, but his real goal was popularity.
Syno – apparent, seeming, outward, surface, superficial, assumed,

evident
Hint – People are “tense” when they appear to be something that they
are not.
14. Parley (N.) - A parley is a discussion/meeting between two opposing

people or groups in which both sides try to come to an agreement.
- बातचीत, बोलचाल, संवाद Parle biscuit khao
Example- Discussion krke mamla suljhao
1) A British drummer called for a parley between the British and
American armies in 1781.
– (v.) When two opposing people or groups parley, they meet to

discuss something in order to come to an agreement -बािचीि करना
Example-
1) After some serious parleying,
both sides agreed to settle their differences.
2) The government refused to parley with the rebels.
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Syno - advise, confab, confabulate, confer, consult, panel discussion
Hint - parley sounds like parliament... where CONFERENCE is held

between opponents...
15. Umbrella organization -

an organization that controls or organizes the activities of several
other organizations, all of which have a similar purpose
Example-
1) The council is the umbrella organization representing about 20,000
tradespeople in this region.
Syno - central institute, central organization, global organization, global

organization, lead agency, lead organization
16. Truce (n.) - A truce is an agreement between two people or groups of

people to stop fighting or quarrelling for a short time - थोड़े तदन की सन्धि
Bruce aur Cruise me ladai ho gyi
Example-
Bruce bola call a truce.
1) Following last month's riots, two of the city's biggest gangs
have finally declared a truce.
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- call a truce (=agree to stop fighting or arguing)

Example-
1) We've got to spend the weekend together, so we might as
well call (= have) a truce.
Syno - armistice, cease-fire
Hint - it rhymes with juice.....so you give juice to people who are fighting
so that it stops for some time n they can discuss over it.
17. Autarky (n.) - economic independence or self-sufficiency - आत्म-तनिभरता

Example- O turky is a self sufficient country
1) In practice, Germany under Hitler never achieved autarky and
depended on the import of oil.
Syno - absolutism, autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, monocracy,

tyranny
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18. Seminal (adj.) - containing important new ideas and having a great
influence on later work - अत्यंत प्रिावशाली Semifinal is imp.
Example
1) He played a seminal role in the formation of the association.
2) She wrote a seminal article on the subject while she was still a
student.
Syno – influential, formative, groundbreaking, pioneering, original
Hint - SEMINAL is like SEMI fINAL (generally of a contest) which

further decides the turn of events for the future final.
19. Solace (n.) – comfort or consolation in a time of great distress or sadness.

- सां त्वना
Shoe laces bandh ke santh kr diya
Example
1) When his wife left him, he found solace in the bottle (= drank
alcohol).
2) Music was a great solace to me.
Syno – confort, consolation, cheer, support, relief
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20. Moribund (adj.) - (especially of an organization or business) not active or

successful, If you describe something as moribund, you mean that it is in a
very bad condition - अन्त के करीब
Moribund is expiring
Example-
1) A moribund economy/industry
Syno – dying, expiring
Hint - band in Hindi means "end” or "finish”, So "moribund" means

"dying.
21. Churlish (adj.) - rude, unfriendly, and unpleasant - गंवार, अक्खड़, बााँ गड़ू
Example-
Churchill was a rude person
1) Churlish behavior
2) They invited me to dinner and I thought it would be churlish to refuse.
Syno – rude, ill-mannered, discourteous, impolite
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22. Mettle (n.) - Someone's mettle is their ability to do something well in

difficult circumstances - साहस, तजगरा
Balls of metal (mettle)
Example-
1) The team showed/proved its mettle in the final round.
2) She has the opportunity to prove her mettle as a manager.
Syno – spirit, fortitude, tenacity, courage
Hint - Sounds like metal and metals are obviously strong. So, can be
related to a strong courageous person.
23. Brevity (n.) – using only a few words or lasting only a short time - संतक्षप्तता
Example-
1) His essays are models of clarity and brevity.
2) The brevity of her letter
Syno – conciseness, crispness, briefness, shortness
Hint - brief + tea, tea time break is short.
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24. Quintessential (adj.) - representing the most perfect or typical example of

a quality or class. Quint gives an essential example, helpful in
Example- understanding this concept
1) Everybody thinks of him as the quintessential Delhiite.
2) Sheep's milk cheese is the quintessential Corsican cheese.
Syno - definitive, exemplary, imitable, model, paradigmatic, textbook
25. Chimera (n.) – a hope or dream that is very unlikely ever to come true
- कल्पना
Charisma (in hindi)
Example-
1) Religious unity remained as much a chimera as ever.
2) Why do people chase the chimera of fame?
Syno - daydream, delusion, dream, fancy, fantasy
Hint - Chi + Mera. Chi = China. mera in hindi. so we get china mera ho.
This is an impossible idea or hope
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26. Sumptuous (adj.) - impressive, expensive, and of high quality

- शानदार, आलीशान
Example-
1) A sumptuous feast/banquet/dinner
2) The celebrity guests turned up dressed in sumptuous evening
gowns.
Syno - Babylonian, deluxe, lavish, luxuriant, luxurious, luxury
Hint - divide it like sumptu + ous; just focus on the SUMPT+U,

SOUNDS LIKE SAMPAT(I)(IN HINDI..DHAN SAMPATI)SO SAMPATI
MEANS MONEY, well if you have a lot of sampati or money, you will
spend it LAVISHLY, you will be able to buy all luxury.
27. Austere (adj.) - very simple, with only the things that are absolutely
necessary, especially because of severe limits on money or goods
- आडं बरहीन
Example- Aus-Stri simple or non lavish hoti h
1) an austere childhood during the war
- सख्त - very severe and unfriendly in manner

1) I found her a rather austere, distant, somewhat cold person.
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- सादा - plain and without decoration or unnecessary details

1) The courtroom was a large, dark chamber, an austere place.
Syno - rigid, rigorous, severe, stern, strict, tough
28. Hedonist (adj.) - someone who believes that pleasure is very important,
and who tries to spend all their time doing things that they enjoy
- सुखवादी, आनंदजीवी
He don't resist for pleasure
Example-
1) Rahul, a bachelor, is a heavy drinker and a womanizer, but he's not
a simple hedonist.
2) He was a hedonist who believed there should be no limits on human
behavior.
Syno - debauchee, decadent, sensualist, sybarite, voluptuary
Hint – Hey Don is.. Hedonist...don enjoys all the pleasures of life so he
believes in pleasure as the aim of life.
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29. Renegade (n.) –A renegade is a person who abandons the religious,

political, or philosophical beliefs that he or she used to have, and accepts
opposing or different beliefs - स्वधममत्यागी
Example-
1) An agent who later turns out to be a renegade.
2) A band of renegades had captured the prince and were holding him
to ransom.
Syno - apostate, defector, deserter, recreant
Hint - renegade sounds like grenade. A person who throws a grenade

in his own country is a Traitor.
30. Arraign (v.) -call or bring (someone) before a court to answer a criminal
charge - आरोऩ के लऱए बऱ
ु ाना, अऩराधी ठहराना
Error again - court chal
Example-
1) Her sister was arraigned on a charge of murder.
2) He was arraigned for criminally abetting a traitor.
Syno – indict, prosecute, denounce
Hint - arraign= err+ again. You have made an ERR again, so this time I
will not excuse you, this time you will be CHARGED IN THE COURT.
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31. Conflate (v.) –if you conflate two or more descriptions or ideas, or if they
conflate, you combine them in order to produce a single one - लमऱाना
Example- Cornflakes (milk-corn) milakar banta h

1) She conflated the three plays to produce a fresh new work.
2) Unfortunately the public conflated fiction with reality and made her
into a saint.
Syno – amalgamate, consolidate, converge, meld, unify, unite, blend
Hint - conflates sounds similar to cornflakes which gives us strength by

bringing all the vitamin and minerals together
32. Plausible (adj.) - an explanation or statement that seems likely to be true

or valid - स्वीकायम, ववश्वसनीय ऱगने वाऱा
Possible statement
Example-
1) A plausible explanation/excuse
2) The story was plausible but that didn’t necessarily mean it was true.
Syno – credible, reasonable, believable, likely, feasible, probable
Hint - plausible sounds like (laugical) logical!!!
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33. Palpable (adj.) -so obvious that it can easily be seen or known, or (of a
feeling) so strong that it seems as if it can be touched or physically felt
- महसूस, प्रत्यऺ
Example-
1) The tension between Amy and Jim is palpable.
2) There is an almost palpable feeling of hopelessness.
Syno – perceptible, visible, noticeable, detectable, observable, tangible
Hint - Divide it like. PALP(SOUNDS LIKE PULP)+ABLE.....after

touching the PULP of fruit ITS OBVIOUS THAT everyone would be
ABLE TO PERCEIVE whether THE FRUIT is fresh or not.
34. Quell (v.) -put an end to (a rebellion or other disorder), typically by the use
of force - शाांत करना
Example-
1) Extra police were called to quell the disturbance.
2) Troops eventually quelled the unrest.
Syno – put an end to, stamp out, put a stop to, end, finish, get rid of
Hint - quell sounds similar to yell and we yell to suppress someone or

make him/her quiet.
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35. Parlance (n.) -a group of words or style of speaking used by a particular

group of people - ववलशष्ट, बोऱी
Example- Pr Lens se jargon kese padhe

1) business/legal parlance
2) The company's computer system had, in computer parlance,
"crashed. “
Syno – speech, idiom, language, jargon
Hint - Focus on PAR (ticular) LAN (guage) So Parlance is a PARticular

manner of speaking a LANguage.
36. Sordid (adj.) -if you describe someone's behavior as sordid, you mean that
it is immoral or dishonest - घघनौना, नीच
Example-
1) I don't want to hear the sordid details of your relationship with Sonali.
-dirty and unpleasant:

Example-
1) There are lots of really sordid apartments in the city's poorer areas.
Syno – dusty, filthy, foul, grimy, grotty
Hint - (SORDID) SORry I DID this FILTHY, VILE thing.
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37. Rogue (n.) -. A rogue is a man who behaves in a dishonest or criminal way
- दु ष्ट
Ye Rogi peso ke liye, crime krta h
Example-
1) You are a rogue and an embezzler.
- behaving in ways that are not expected or not normal, often in a

way that causes damage
Example-
1) Computer systems were affected by a series of rogue viruses.
Syno – scoundrel, villain, reprobate, rascal, good-for-nothing, wretch
Hint - Someone who ROb his own GUEsts is a ROGUE
38. Extrapolate (v.) - to guess or think about what might happen using
information that is already known - बतहवे शन करना
Example- "To guess" Extra possibility in late future
1) It’s possible to predict students’ success by extrapolating from
current exam scores.
2) You can't really extrapolate a trend from such a small sample.
Syno – deduct, generalize, guess, infer, vulgarize
Hint - rom the EXTRA info that you have, you guess what might happen
LATEly or in future
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39. Flounder (v.) – to experience great difficulties or be completely unable to

decide what to do or say next - ऱड़खड़ाना
Example-
1) Although his business was a success, his marriage was floundering.
2) The economy is floundering.
Syno – struggle, thrash, thresh, flail
Hint - Sounds similar to founder... a startup founder has to face lots of

difficulties in the beginning.
40. Tepid (adj.) - (especially of a liquid) only slightly warm; lukewarm - गुनगुना
Example -
1) Tepid bathwater
- उत्साहहीन showing little enthusiasm.

Example -
1) The applause was tepid.
2) A tepid response
Syno - halfhearted, lukewarm, uneager, unenthusiastic
Hint – Sounds like torpid which means sluggish i.e. inactive
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41. Cognizant (adj.) - if someone is cognizant of something, they are aware of

it or understand it - जानकार
Example -
1) We are cognizant of the problem.
2) We're cognizant of the fact that yields are essential to farmers.
Syno - alive, apprehensive, aware, conscious, mindful, sensible
Hint – If you recognize a danger, you become cognizant (aware) of it.
42. Defer (v.) –to delay something until a later time - टाऱना
Example-
1) Customers often defer payment for as long as possible.
2) My bank has agreed to defer the repayments on my loan.
Syno - delay, hold off (on), hold over, hold up, lay over, postpone
Hint - Read Duffer- A duffer owing to his incompetence has to always

give in and delay that too with respect.
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43. Aloft (adv.) - in the air or in a higher position - ऊपर

Example-
1) He held the trophy proudly aloft.
2) We held our glasses aloft.
Syno - above, over, overhead
Hint – sounds like lift which used to go upwards.
44. Flout (v.) - to intentionally not obey a rule, law, or custom - अवज्ञा करना
Example-
1) Many motorcyclists flout the law by not wearing helmets.
2) Building regulations have been habitually flouted.
Syno – despise, disregard, scorn

Hint – FLOUT... FOUL + OUT. When a player is sent out by foul, the
player shows his contempt to the referee.
45. Topple (v.) -to (cause to) lose balance and fall down - गगर ऩड़ना
Example-
1) The tree toppled and fell.
2) Winds and rain toppled trees and electricity lines.
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- remove (a government or person in authority) from power;

overthrow.
Example-
1) The church was prominently involved in the struggle that toppled the
dictatorship.
Syno - fall, slip, stumble, trip, tumble
Hint - TOPPLE and STUMBLE have a similar sound and they both
mean, to trip and fall over.
46. Muzzle (n.) –a fastening or covering for the mouth of an animal used to
prevent eating or biting - नाऱमुख
Example-
1) Dangerous dogs should be muzzled.
- मुँह बाुँधना, to stop a person or organization from expressing

independent opinions
Example –
1) Opposition leaders accused him of muzzling the news media.
2) Frank will continue to muzzle his critics.
Syno – silence, burke, restrain, gag, stop
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Hint - MUZZLE rhymes with muscle. So imagine muscle as a verb. "try

to muzzle(muscle) the opposition" meaning you RESTRAIN the
opposition or over power him.
47. Depredation (n.) -(an act causing) damage or destruction - ऱूटऩाट, ववनाश
Example-
1) Protecting grain from the depredations of rats and mice.
2) The entire area has suffered the depredations of war.
3) Depredation of (= damage done to) the environment is destroying
hundreds of species each year.
Syno - plunder, looting, pillaging, robbing, robbery, raiding
Hint - predation - relate it to the predator which plunders and then

destroys.
48. Wrought (adj.) -made or done in a careful or decorative way - का बना हुआ
Example-
1) The new album contains some carefully wrought new songs and a
number of familiar hits
2) Her poems are well-wrought and intensely personal.
Syno – created, fashioned, manufactured, molded, woven, worked.
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49. Accrue (v.) - If money or interest accrues or if you accrue it, it gradually
increases in amount over a period of time - वद्
ृ गध होना
Example-
1) If you do not pay within 28 days, interest will accrue.
- if benefits and advantages accrue to you, you receive them

- लाभ होना
Example-
1) Little benefit will accrue to the city (= it will receive little benefit) from
the new transport links.
Syno – accumulate, amass, collect.
Hint - sounds like AKDU(hindi...means haughty)....so a person

becomes akdu when he gains a lot’
50. Postulate (v.) –If you postulate something, you suggest it as the basis for
a theory, argument, or calculation, or assume that it is the basis - पररकल्पना
Example-
1) It was the Greek astronomer, Ptolemy, who postulated that the earth
was at the center of the universe.
2) The theory postulates two reasons for the spread of the disease.
Syno – hypothesize, propose, assume, presuppose, suppose, presume
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51. Whopping (adj.) - extremely large - बहुत ज़्यादा

Example-
1) She had a whopping great bruise on her arm.
2) A whopping 35 percent pay rise
Syno – huge, massive, enormous, gigantic
52. Scourge (n.) -something or someone that causes great suffering or a lot of
trouble - महान कष्ट, ववऩवि
Example-
1) The scourge of war/poverty/drugs.
- (v.) To cause great suffering or a lot of trouble
Example –
1) The country has been scourged by (= has suffered very much

because of) famine in recent years.
Syno - lash, switch, whip, destroy, devastate, ravage, ruin
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53. Boisterous (adj.) - someone who is boisterous is noisy, lively, and full of
energy - उऩद्रवी, धीांगामस्ती से भरा, गजमनकारी
Example-
1) A boisterous but good-natured crowd.
2) Most of the children were noisy and boisterous.
Syno – blatant, clamorous, obstreperous, strident, vociferous
Hint - SPLIT IT LIKE...BOIS(BOYS)+TEROS(TERRORIS(t)).....SO

BOYS WHO BEHAVE LIKE TERRORIS. (t). .AND WE KNOW WHEN
BOYS BEHAVE LIKE TERRORIST...WHAT WE MEAN IS THAT THEY
ARE too noisy and behaving like rowdy........
54. Empirical (adj.) – Empirical evidence or study relies on practical

experience rather than theories - प्रयोगलसद्ध
Example –
1) There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.
2) This theory needs to be backed up with solid empirical
data/evidence.
Syno – observed, seen, factual, actual, real, verifiable, first-hand,

experimental
Hint - Empire...maintaining an empire requires much practical

experiences and workouts....
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55. Efficacy (n.) - If you talk about the efficacy of something, you are talking
about its effectiveness and its ability to do what it is supposed to - क्षमता
Example-
1) Recent medical studies confirm the efficacy of a healthier lifestyle.
2) They recently ran a series of tests to measure the efficacy of the
drug.
Syno - effectiveness, effectualness, efficaciousness, efficiency,

productiveness
Hint - effic(EFFICIENT)+AC(Y)..so just check out if your AC has the

efficiency to PRODUCE DESIRED cooling.
56. Echelon (n.) - a level or rank in an organization, a profession, or society
- उपातध स्तर
Example-
1) The upper echelons of the business world.
2) The upper echelons of society.
Syno – degree, footing, level, place, position, rank, ranking
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57. Edifice (n.) - a large building, especially an impressive one:

Example-
1) The town hall is the only edifice surviving from the 15th century.
- A system that has been established for a long time

Example –
1) It looks as if the whole political edifice of the country is about to
collapse.
Syno – cathedral, hall, palace, tower
Hint - edifice sounds like HEAD+OFFICE means (big size building)
58. Manoeuvre (n.) - an action or movement that you need care or skill to do
Example-
1) Dexter tried every manoeuvre he could to overtake the truck.
2) Snowboarders performed daring manoeuvres on precipitous slopes.
- पैंतरे बाज़ी, A clever or dishonest action that you do to get
something that you want

Example-
1) The politician won the election thanks to the manoeuvres of his son-
in-law.
32
-a large-scale military exercise of troops, warships, and other

forces.
Example-
1) Military/naval manoeuvres
2) We saw the army on manoeuvres in the mountains.
59. Homily (n.) – a piece of spoken or written advice about how someone
should behave - धममगीत
Example-
1) She delivered her homily about the need for patience.
2) She gave us a little homily about family values.
Syno – sermon, lecture, discourse, address, lesson, talk, speech
Hint - HOME+SILLY....when we do SILLY things at HOME, our parents

get angry and give preaches
60. Ceiling (n.) - an upper limit, usually relating to money - अगधकतम सीमा
Example-
1) They have imposed/set a ceiling on pay rises.
2) A ceiling of 100 $ was put on all donations.
Syno – covering, limit, cover, plafond, upper-limit, acme, covering, lid

33
61. Succumb (v.) - to lose your ability to fight against someone or something,
and to allow them to control or persuade you - हार मान लेना
Example-
1) First they said no, but eventually they succumbed.
2) She succumbed to temptation and ordered a glass of wine.
Syno - capitulate, defer, relent, submit, yield
Hint - succumb (Suck + thumb) - Children don’t give up sucking their

thumb - Children are succumb in sucking thumb
62. Forgo (v.) - to not have or do something enjoyable - त्याग दे ना

Example-
1) I shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week.
2) The board members have decided to forgo any salary increase.
Syno - sacrifice, forsake, give up, relinquish, surrender, refrain
Hint - When you tell someone to forget something you tell him to give
up.
34
63. Bottleneck (n.) - A bottleneck is a place where a road becomes narrow or

where it meets another road so that the traffic slows down or stops
Example-
1) The construction work is causing bottlenecks in the city Centre.
- a problem that delays progress

Example-
1) Bottlenecks in production, resulting from a lack of spare parts.
Syno - backup, jam, jam-up, logjam, snarl
64. Quibble (v.) -to argue or complain about something that is not important
- बाऱ की खाऱ घनकाऱना
Example-
1) There's no point quibbling about/over a couple of dollars.
(n.) - a slight objection or criticism about a trivial matter.

Example-
1) The only quibble about this book is the price.
Syno – split hairs, chop logic, criticize, query, fault
35
Hint - mnemonic in Hindi. Read it as qui (kyun) +bble (bill)...KYUN BILL

ITNA ZYADA HAI? You OBJECT to reading of meter & COMPLAIN to
the authorities.
65. Ominous (adj.) -making you think that something bad will happen
- मनहूस, अशुभ
Example-
1) Ominous dark clouds
2) There was an ominous silence when I asked whether my contract
was going to be renewed.
Syno – threatening, menacing, baleful, forbidding, sinister, doomy,

inauspicious
Hint - maruti OMNI.....it is a threating car usually used by kidnappers.
66. Bellwether (n.) – one that takes the lead or initiative also an indicator of
trends
Example-
1) The performance of the banking sector is a bad bellwether of the
economy generally.
2) The report is viewed as a bellwether for economic trends.
Syno - leader, pacemaker, pacer, pacesetter, trendsetter.
36
67. Tacit (adj.) –understood without being expressed directly - अनुक्त

Example-
1) Tacit agreement/approval/support.
2) He gave tacit consent to his friend.
Syno - implicit, implied, unexpressed, unspoken, unvoiced, wordless
68. Byword (n.) –if someone or something is a byword for a particular quality,
they have a strong reputation for that quality - कहावत
Example-
1) The city is a byword for intolerance.
2) Their products are a byword for good value.
Syno - epigram, maxim, proverb, saw, saying, sententia, word
69. Idiosyncrasy (n.) –a strange or unusual habit, way of behaving, or feature

that someone or something has - अनोखाऩन
Example-
1) She often cracks her knuckles when she's speaking - it's one of her
little idiosyncrasies.
2) Everyone has a few little idiosyncrasies.
37
Syno – oddity, peculiarity, curiosity, quirk, singularity, tic, trick, twist
Hint - Idiot in sync with the crazy people are idiosyncratic.
70. Gravitas (n.) – seriousness and importance of manner, causing feelings of

respect and trust in others - गांभीरता
Example-
1) He's an effective enough politician but somehow he lacks the
statesmanlike gravitas of a world leader.
2) These research projects have a certain gravitas.
Syno – dignity, seriousness, solemnity, gravity, grandeur, decorum
Hint - very serious and intense like force of GRAVITY
71. Insolence (n.) - rude and disrespectful behavior - बदतमीजी, बेअदबी
Example-
1) She was sacked for insolence.
2) There was no excuse for such insolence.
Syno – back talk, backchat, cheek, impertinence, impudence, mouth
Hint - well insolent sounds a bit like insult.......so associate the meaning
of insult whenever you think of insolent
38
72. Imprimatur (n.) –official permission to do something that is given by a

person or group in a position of power - अनुमघत
Example-
1) The project can’t go ahead without the imprimatur of the director.
2) When he suspended the constitution and dissolved Congress, he
had the imprimatur of the armed forces.
Syno - approbation, approval, blessing, favor, OK (or okay)
73. Behove (v.) - it is a duty or responsibility for someone to do something

- कतभव्य या तजम्मे दारी
Example-
1) The situation is grave and it behoves us to take it seriously.
2) It behoves us to think of these dangers.
Syno – Septenary, Septemviral, Septennial, Septuple
Hint - relate to “behave” or “behavior”; which should always “be

appropriate”; and up to “necessary”; standards
39
74. Insurgency (n.) - an occasion when a group of people attempt to take

control of their country by force - ववद्रोह, बगावत
Example-
1) He has led a violent armed insurgency for 15 years.
2) The government is reported to be concerned about the growing
insurgency in the south.
Syno - mutiny, outbreak, rebellion, revolt, revolution, rising
75. Ensue (v.) –to happen after something else, especially as a result of it
- ऩररणामस्वरूऩ होना
Example-
1) Jack accused Rob of being a liar and an angry argument ensued.
2) If the Europeans did not reduce subsidies, a trade war would ensue.
Syno – result, follow, develop, stem, spring, arise, derive
Hint - After you sue the person in the court, the case will ensue.
40
76. Whittle (v.) -to make an object out of wood by cutting pieces off the wood
with a small knife - ऱकड़ी तराशना
Example-
1) He whittled a new handle for his axe.
-reduce something in size, amount, or extent by a gradual series of

steps.
Example –
1) The shortlist of fifteen was whittled down to five.
Syno – pare, shave, peel, cut, hew, trim, carve, shape, model
Hint - whit = small...whittle is to make things smaller by cutting
77. Bigotry (n.) - intolerance towards those who hold different opinions from
oneself - खुद से अलग राय रखने वालों के प्रतत असतहष्णुता
Example-
1) Religious/racial bigotry
2) Overcoming his own bigotry
Syno - dogmatism, illiberalism, illiberality, illiberalness, intolerance
Hint - big + ot.. one who thinks himself BIG and OThers small and
cannot tolerate other views.
41
78. Secede (v.) - If a region or group secedes from the country or larger group
to which it belongs, it formally becomes a separate country or stops being
a member of the larger group - अऱग होना
Example-
1) There is likely to be civil war if the region tries to secede from the
south.
2) South Carolina was the first state to secede.
Syno - break with, abdicate, apostatize, leave, quit, resign, retire
Hint – exceed means aage jaana, secede means – piche hatna!
79. Impregnable (adj.) - a place that is impregnable is very well protected and
difficult to attack - अिेद्य, अखंडनीय
Example-
1) The old Dutch fort with its thick high walls looks virtually
impregnable.
2) an impregnable fortress
Syno - bulletproof, indomitable, insuperable, insurmountable, invincible,

invulnerable
42
80. Rudimentary (adj.) - basic, and not detailed or developed

Example-
1) Her knowledge is still only rudimentary.
2) He had got a rudimentary formal education.
Syno - crude, low, primitive, rude
Hint – kids in elementary schools have rudimentary knowledge
81. Denizen (n.) – a denizen of a particular place is a person, animal, or plant

that lives or grows in this place - घनवासी
Example-
1) Deer and squirrels are among the denizens of the forest.
2) The polar bear is an iconic denizen of the snowy Arctic.
Syno - familiar, frequenter, habitué (also habitué), haunter, rat, regular
Hint – Denizen rhymes with Citizen!
43
82. Pejorative (adj.) – expressing disapproval, or suggesting that something is

not good or is of no importance - अऩमानजनक
Example-
1) Make sure students realize that "fat" is a pejorative word.
Syno - belittling, contemptuous, decrying, degrading, demeaning,

denigrative
Hint – nobody has prerogative (basic right) to use pejorative words

against anybody.
83. Patron (n.) - someone who supports the work of writers, artists, musicians
etc, especially by giving them money - आश्रयदाता
Example-
1) The Princess Royal is a well-known patron of several charities.
2) She is a well-known patron of the arts.
Root – Pater, Patr – father
Syno - account, client, customer, guest, punter
Hint - Patriotic PATRO+N a patriotic person gives financial aid for a

cause or a person.
44
84. Cahoots (n.) - secretly involved with someone in a dishonest activity or

plan - लमऱी भगत , साांठ गााँठ
Example-
1) The police were, in fact, in cahoots with the drug dealers.
2) A banker and a government minister were in cahoots over a property
deal.
Syno – collude, conspire, angle, cabal
85. Fuzzy (adj.) - a fuzzy picture or image is not clear so that you cannot see
all its details - धुं धला
Example-
1) The picture is very fuzzy.
- अस्पष्ट If you or your thoughts are fuzzy, you are confused and
cannot think clearly.
Example-
1) He had little patience for fuzzy ideas.
Syno - furry, hairy, rough, shaggy, woolly
45
86. Plank (n.) - an important aspect of something, on which it is based

Example-
1) Spending cuts remain the main plank of the party’s defence policy.
- the main/central plank of someone’s policy/argument/programme
Example –
1) Educational reform was one of the main planks of their election
campaign.
Syno - flop, flump, plop, plump, plunk
87. Gobble (v.) - to eat something quickly and often noisily

- जल्दी और आवाज करके खाना
Example-
1) He gobbled up the rest of his sandwich.
2) She gobbled up/down her lunch and hurried back.
Syno – eat greedily, eat hungrily, guzzle, bolt, gulp, swallow hurriedly,
devour
Hint - just like google....google search quickly...gobble eat very quickly
46
88. Prod (v.) - to push someone or something quickly with your finger, or with
an object that has a long thin end - धक्का
Example-
1) She prodded him in the back with her umbrella.
- to encourage someone to take action, especially when they are

being slow or unwilling - प्रेररि करना
Example –
1) He gets things done, but only after I've prodded him into doing them.
Syno - spur, stimulate, stir, rouse, prompt, drive, push, galvanize
Hint - sounds like “rod”. Stir up with rod, poke with a rod etc.
89. Posit (v.) – if you posit something, you suggest or assume it as the basis
for an argument or calculation - मानना
Example-
1) Several writers have posited the idea of a universal consciousness.
2) If we posit that wage rises cause inflation, it follows that we should try
to minimize them.
Syno – believe, take for granted, accept, ascertain, be afraid, be

inclined to think
Hint - posit: (pro) pose it. I.e. propose or put forward
47
90. Inimical (adj.) –causing harm, or stopping the development of something

- हाघनकार
Example-
1) Excessive managerial control is inimical to creative expression.
2) Actions inimical to peace.
Syno – adverse, destructive, harmful, hostile, injurious, opposed,

unfavorable
Hint - inimi=enemy, and enemies cause damage. So inimical means

something damaging.
91. Atrophy (v.) -(of a part of the body) to be reduced in size and therefore
strength, or, more generally, to become weaker - ऺीण होना
Example-
1) After several months in a hospital bed, my leg muscles had
atrophied.
2) In the 1980s, their political power gradually atrophied (= became
weaker).
Syno - decline, diminution, wither, deterioration, downfall, emaciation
Hint - a TRophy is wasted after it is won as it is kept for a long time and
not maintained.
48
92. Spate (n.) - a large number of things of the same type, usually bad things,
that suddenly happen in a very short period of time - बड़ी सांख्या में
Example-
1) Police are investigating a spate of burglaries in the Kingsland Road
area.
2) We have had a spate of burglaries recently.
Syno – surge, tide, flow, outpouring, efflux, peck, outflow, outpour
Hint - What will be fate of our state if there is a SPATE OR SUDDEN

FLOOD?
93. Resuscitate (v.) -to bring someone who is dying back to life, wake
someone who is unconscious, or bring something back into use or
existence - ऩुनजीववत करना
Example-
1) Her heart had stopped, but the doctors successfully resuscitated her.
2) He led the effort to resuscitate the local newspaper.
Syno – revive, save, resurrect, restore to life, restore, bring around,

revitalize
Hint - RECESS+ATE---in RECESS I ATE something and due to only

that I got proper consciousness
49
94. Convalesce (v.) -to rest in order to get better after an illness
- स्वास्थ्यलाि करना
Example-
1) After your operation, you'll need to convalesce for a week or two.
2) After two weeks, I was allowed home, where I convalesced in three
months.
Syno - recuperating, recovering.
Root – Con – altogether, valere – be well
95. Segue (v.)/(n.)- to change smoothly from one song or subject of

conversation to another without stopping or a smooth movement - अनुगम
Example-
1) Allow one song to segue into the next.
2) Chapter 9 provides a nice segue into Chapter 10.
Syno – continuation, passage, pivot, shift, turn
Hint – segue – Follows – Sequence
50
96. Disenchantment (n.) –a feeling of disappointment about someone or

something you previously respected or admired - घनराशा
Example-
1) There's growing disenchantment with the Government.
2) Many voters have become disenchanted with the president.
Syno - disappointed, disillusioned, frustrated, unfulfilled.
97. Litany (n.) - a long, usually boring, list of things that someone talks or
writes about
Example-
1) The manufacturers are reported to have received a litany of
complaints from dissatisfied customers.
2) She had to hear once again his litany of complaints over how badly
he was treated.
Syno – catalogue, recitation, repetition, account, enumeration,

invocation
51
98. Rampage (v.)/(n.) - to go through an area making a lot of noise and

causing damage - तहं सात्मक व्यवहार
Example-
1) The demonstrators rampaged through the town, smashing windows
and setting fire to cars.
2) The hurricane continues its rampage through the Caribbean.
Syno - agitation, deliriousness, delirium, distraction, fever, feverishness
99. Abash (v.) - make (someone) feel embarrassed or ashamed - शतमिंदा करना
Example-
1) Her elder cousins abashed her by commenting on her shyness.
2) They tried not to be abashed by the unfamiliar luxury.
Syno – embarrassed, ashamed, shamefaced, remorseful, mortified
Hint - What happens when you get a bash? (Bashing)....you get

embarrassed.
52
100. Fraught (adj.) –full of unpleasant things such as problems or dangers

- व्याकुल
Example-
1) The negotiations have been fraught with difficulties/problems right
from the start.
2) From beginning to end, the airlift was fraught with risks
Syno – anxious, worried, upset, distraught, overwrought, agitated
Hint- Fraught sounds like fought. When you have fought a war, your
mind is filled with emotional distress from all the killings.
101. Unflinching (adj.) - not showing fear or hesitation in the face of danger or
difficulty.
Example-
1) unflinching determination
2) It is a brave and unflinching account of prison life.
Syno – determined, dogged, persistent, persevering, committed
Hint - Unflinching – not fly an inch, even in danger
53
102. Debunk (v.) -to show that something is less important, less good, or less
true than it has been made to appear acting - ऩरदाफाश करना, धूऱ में लमऱाना
Example-
1) Debunk a legend
2) The writer's aim was to debunk the myth that had grown up around
the actress.
Syno - refute, contradict, belie, confound, discredit, negate, rebut, shoot
Hint – when you bunk your class and teacher catches you, he debunks
you.
103. Earmark (v.) -if resources such as money are earmarked for a particular
purpose, they are reserved for that purpose
- अऱग से रखना ककसी ववशेष उद्दे श्य के लऱए
Example-
1) The extra money being earmarked for the new projects.
2) Billions Of dollars were earmarked to develop the country's

infrastructure.
Syno - allocate, consecrate, dedicate, devote, reserve, save, set by
Hint - earm...very close to earn.....so whatever you are earning you are
keeping it aside because soon you want to start your own business.
54
104. Chasm (n.) –a very deep, narrow opening in rock, ice, or the ground,
- दरार/छे द
Example-
1) They leaned over the rails and peered down into the dizzying chasm
below.
- a very large difference between two opinions or groups of people,

गहरा मिभे द
Example-
1) There is still a vast economic chasm between developed and
developing countries.
Syno - abysm, abyss, deep, gulf, ocean
Hint – Sound like chashma. If it has a crack, it is difficult to see
105. Bonhomie (n.) - friendliness and happiness - खुशतमजाजी

Example-
1) There was a lot of cheerful bonhomie amongst the people on the trip.
2) An undying bonhomie radiated from her.
Syno – cordiality, affability, amiability, sociability, friendliness, warmth
Hint – born homily
55
106. Bulge (n.) –a curved shape sticking out from the surface of something
- उिरना/तनकल आना
Example-
1) I wondered what the bulge in her coat pocket was.
- A sudden increase that soon returns to the usual level
Example-
1) There was a bulge in spending in the early part of the year.
Syno – surge, rise, increase, boost, swelling, bump, lump
Hint - bulge: it looks like ' bag ', a full bag, which is swelling.
107. Skirmish (n.) –a short argument: a minor battle - झगड़ा/वाद तववाद

Example-
1) There was a short skirmish between the two of them over who would
pay for the meal.
2) Border skirmishes between the two countries were common.
Syno – fight, battle, clash, conflict, encounter, confrontation
Hint - If jumbled a bit – sounds like Kashmir – fight
56
108. Fleece (v.) - to take someone's money dishonestly, by charging too

much money or by cheating them
Example-
1) That restaurant really fleeced us!
2) She claims he fleeced her out of thousands of pounds.
Syno- cheat, chisel, chouse, con, cozen, defraud
Hint - colleges are PLUNDERING in the form of FLEECE (FEES) and

capitation
109. The gift of the gab - the ability to speak easily and confidently in a way
that makes people want to listen to you and believe you
- तजव्हा पर सरस्वती का वास
Example-
1) She's got the gift of the gab - she should work in sales and marketing
2) They are naturally good salesmen with the gift of the gab.
Syno - articulacy, articulateness, eloquence, poetry, rhetoric
57
110. Goliaths (n.) - a very large and powerful person or organization - सम्राट
Example-
1) The country is being seen as the Goliath (= the most powerful ) of
the region.
2) He transformed the firm from a small family-run sports company into
an international Goliath.
Syno - leviathan, mammoth, mastodon, monster, titan, whale, whopper
111. Allow for - to think about or plan for (something that will or might happen
in the future) or to consider - तवचार करना
Example-
1) When purchasing property, the company should allow for possible
future growth/expansion.
2) We have to allow for the possibility that we might
not finish on schedule.
Syno - admit, acknowledge, recognize, agree, accept, concede
58
112. Alight upon –find by chance; to suddenly notice or think of something,

- अचानक से तमल जाना
Example-
1) Her eyes alighted upon an extraordinary sight.
2) His mind alighted upon several possible answers.
Syno – bump into, come across, come upon, confront, detect
113. Bear out (phrasal v.) - to support the truth of something

Example-
1) The evidence so far simply does not bear him out.
2) Recent studies have borne out claims that perfumes can cause
psychological changes.
Syno - confirm, corroborate, substantiate, support, validate, verify,

vindicate
59
114. Carry away - to be so excited about something that you do

not control what you say or do - बहा ले जाना
Example-
1) Don’t get carried away while watching a film. Real life is different from
reel life.
2) The girl was carried away by her pity.
Syno - entrance, rap, rapture, ravish, transport
115. Dispense with - if you dispense with something, you stop using it
or get rid of it completely, especially because you no longer need it,
- अनावश्यक बना दे ना
Example-
1) We could economize by dispensing with two assistants.
2) They've had to dispense with a lot of luxuries since Mike lost his job.
- to not do things usually done in a social situation in order to do

something more important immediately)
Example-
1) I think we all know each other, so we can dispense with the
formalities.
2) Let's dispense with the formalities.
Syno – abolish, dispose of, do without, forgo, get rid of, ignore,
relinquish
60
116. Augment (v.) - to augment something means to make it larger, stronger, or

more effective by adding something to it - वृ न्धि करना
Example-
1) He would have to find work to augment his income.
2) He augmented his income by taking a second job.
Syno – accelerate, add (to), aggrandize, amplify, boost, build up,

compound
Hint – You can remember it as opposite of segment. Segment means –

to make less… augment means – to add
117. Telling (adj.) - showing the truth about a situation or showing what
someone really thinks - प्रिावशाली
Example-
1) He spoke reasonably, carefully, and with telling effect.
2) The most telling evidence was he has tattoo on his left shoulder.
Syno - convincing, decisive, effective, forceful, persuasive, satisfying,

strong
61
118. Acclaimed (adj.) - attracting public approval and praise - प्रशंतसत

Example-
1) An acclaimed artist/writer/poet
2) An acclaimed book/film
Syno – praise, applause, cheers, ovation, tribute, accolade,

acclamation, plaudits
Hint – look at the word Aim. When you reach your aim, you will be
praised.
119. Flamboyant (adj.) - very confident in your behaviour, and liking to be

noticed by other people, for example because of the way you dress, talk,
etc. - आकर्भ क
Example-
1) The writer's flamboyant lifestyle was well known.
2) He wears flamboyant clothes more suited to a rock star than a literary
figure.
Syno - confident, lively, buoyant, energetic, vibrant, vivacious,

extravagant
Hint – flame + boy = imagine a boy wearing a t-shirt with pictures of

flame on it. Will not it be flamboyant?
62
120. Denigrate (v.) - if you denigrate someone or something, you criticize them
unfairly or insult them - नीचा तदखाना
Example-
1) You shouldn't denigrate people just because they have different
beliefs from you.
2) No one should denigrate the importance of a good education.
Syno – censure, verb condemn, criticize severely, abuse, admonish,

animadvert
Hint - DENIGRATE=DENY+GREAT.so if you deny that someone is

great, it means you BELITTLE him
121. Slog (v.) - to work hard over a long period, especially doing work that is
difficult or boring - कतिन पररश्रम करना
Example-
1) I've been slogging away for days on this essay and I'm still not
finished.
2) They were slogging away to meet a deadline.
Syno – hike, tramp, walk, walkabout
Hint - Walking with logs on head needs effort
63
122. Gumption (n.) -the ability to decide what is the best thing to do in a
particular situation, and to do it with energy and determination
- बुन्धिमानी साहस
Example-
1) She had the gumption to write directly to the company manager and
persuade him to give her a job.
2) He suspected that deep down, she admired him for having the
gumption to disagree with her.
Syno - initiative, resourcefulness, enterprise, imagination,

imaginativeness, ingenuity
Hint - gump sounds like jump .To jump on from the top of the building
need courage.
123. Plea (n.) - an urgent and emotional request - तनवे दन

Example-
1) He made a plea for help/mercy.
2) The president has made an emotional plea for the killing to stop.
Syno – appeal, entreaty, supplication, petition, prayer, request, call
64
124. Antecedent (n.) - something that happened or existed before something

else and is similar to it in some way - पूवभवर्त्ती
Example-
1) Charles Babbage's mechanical calculating engines were the
antecedents of the modern computer.
2) A person's ancestors or family and social background.
Syno – ancestor, forefather, forebear, predecessor, progenitor
Hint - ante (before) + ced ("to go"). Root "ced" means "to go" .hence
antecedent means "that which goes before".
125. Provocation (n.) - action or speech that makes someone angry, especially
deliberately - उकसाव
Example-
1) You should remain calm and not respond to provocation.
2) He'd fly into a rage at the slightest provocation.
Syno – prompting, inducement, encouragement, urging, inspiration,

stimulus
65
126. Defamation (n.) - the action of damaging the good reputation of someone;
slander - मानहातन
Example-
1) She sued him for defamation.
2) defamation of character
Syno - infringement, calumny, litigation, misrepresentation, slander
127. Cohort (n.) - a group of people who share a characteristic - सहयोग

Example-
1) A cohort of civil servants patiently drafting legislation.
2) The Mayor and his cohorts have abused their positions of power.
Syno – companion, comrade, disciple, follower, adherent, mate
66
128. Landmark (n.) - an important stage in something's development

- ऐततहातसक
Example-
1) The invention of the silicon chip was a landmark in the history of the
computer.
2) I couldn’t pick out any familiar landmarks in the dark and got
completely lost.
Syno – marker, memorial, milestone, museum, battleground,

benchmark
129. Statutory - decided or controlled by law - ऺानूनी

Example-
1) We had a statutory duty to report to Parliament.
2) A statutory minimum wage
Syno – lawful, legal, judicial, rightful
67
130. Convicted (adj.) - having officially been found guilty of a crime in a law
court - अतिशस्त
Example-
1) A convicted killer/murderer/rapist
2) The jury convicted them of fraud.
Syno – condemn, damned, doomed, fated
131. Deterrent (n.) - something that deters people from doing something,
- तनवारक
Example-
1) Some people say that capital punishment acts as a deterrent.
2) Tougher prison sentences may act/serve as a deterrent to other
would-be offender.
Syno - hindrance, impediment, obstruction, block, barrier, inhibition
Hint - DETER + RENT. A high rent IS ALWAYS A discouraging factor

FOR TENANTS.
68
132. Dubious (adj.) - If you describe something as dubious, you mean that you
do not consider it to be completely honest, safe, or reliable.
Example-
1) These claims are dubious and not scientifically proven.
2) I'm dubious about his promises to change his ways.
Syno – doubtful, uncertain, unsure, in doubt, hesitant, undecided,

unsettled
Hint - dubious - opposite of obvious i.e. in doubt or questionable
133. Credentials - documents that state the abilities and experience of a person
and show that the person is qualified for a particular job or activity
-पररचय पत्र
Example –
1) I got my teaching credentials from San Jose State.
2) Before giving you the job, they will check your credentials.
Syno - capability, goods, qualification, stuff
69
134. Denouement (n.)- the end of a story, in which everything is explained, or

the end result of a situation – समान्धप्त
Example –
1) Movie “HUM APKE HAI KAUN" had a satisfactory denouement.
2) In the play's denouement, the two lovers kill themselves.
Syno - ending, finish, close, culmination, climax, conclusion
Hint - de + NOUncEMENT(ANNOUNCEMENT)..SO you are making an
announcement of your company FINAL OUTCOME report. DEAL +

ANOUNCEMENT
135. A pie in the sky - something that you hope will happen but is very unlikely
to happen - होने की संिावना नहीं होना
Example-
1) Their plans to set up their own business are just pie in the sky.
2) The true regeneration of devastated Docklands seemed like pie in
the sky.
Syno – illusion, delusion, fantasy, pipe dream, daydream, reverie,

mirage
70
136. Lackadaisical (adj.) - lacking enthusiasm and determination; carelessly

lazy - तनरुत्साहपूर्भ
Example-
1) The food was nice enough but the service was somewhat
lackadaisical.
2) Teachers who are impatient with lackadaisical students are real
teachers.
Syno - enervated, languid, languishing, languorous, limp, listless,

spiritless
137. Cynical (adj.) - someone who is cynical believes that people care only
about themselves and are not sincere or honest - दोर्दर्ी
Example-
1) I've always been deeply cynical about politicians.

2) He praises my cooking but it's just a cynical ploy to get me to make
him dinner.
Syno – contemptuous, derisive, ironic, misanthropic, misanthropical,

pessimistic
Hint - cynical is one who is skeptic of others because he thinks they

have done SINs
71
138. Patronage (n.) - the support given to an organization by someone - संरक्षर्
Example-
1) The charity enjoys the patronage of many prominent local business

people.
- वृति दे ने का अतधकार the power of a person to give someone an

important job or position
Example-
1) Patronage is a potent force if used politically.
Syno - sponsor, backer, financier, subsidizer, underwriter, guarantor,

benefactor
139. Pronouncement (n.) - a formal or authoritative announcement or

declaration - तनर्भय सुनाना
Example-
1) The treasurer has been taking a more optimistic view of economic
recovery in his recent public pronouncements.
2) My wife's pronouncement wasn't unexpected.
Syno – announcement, proclamation, declaration, formal statement,

assertion
72
140. Decriminalize (v.) - to stop something from being illegal - कानूनी रूप दे ना
Example-
1) The campaign to decriminalize marijuana.
2) The pro-abortion camp are fighting to decriminalize abortion.
Syno – legitimize, allow, permit, regulate, sanction, declare lawful
141. Crunch (v.) - If you crunch something hard, such as a sweet, you crush it
noisily between your teeth - चबाना
Example-
1) She sucked an ice cube into her mouth, and crunched it loudly.
- मश्किल a situation that is very difficult because you do not have

enough of something, especially time or money.
Example-
1) A financial crunch that could threaten the company's future.
Syno - masticate, crux, grind, difficulty, bite, chew, chump
73
142. Spur (v.) - to encourage an activity or development or make it happen

faster - प्रेररत करना
Example-
1) Her sons' passion for computer games spurred her on to set up a
software business.
2) Rising consumer sales have the effect of spurring the economy to
faster growth.
Syno – encourage, prompt, propel, prod, induce, impel, motivate
143. Reiteration (n.) - If you reiterate something, you say it again, usually in
order to emphasize it.
Example-
1) At the meeting, there were some reiterations of past promises.
2) Because of the reiteration frequency of this sequence, a strong
signal was obtained.
Syno - duplicate, redo, reduplicate, remake, renew, repeat, replicate
74
144. Agrarian (adj.) - relating to the land, especially the use of land for farming,
- कृतर् िूतम सम्बिी
Example-
1) An agrarian place or country makes its money from farming rather
than industry.
2) This part of the country is mainly agrarian.
Syno – agricultural, rural, countryside, farming, rustic, pastoral, bucolic
145. Succor (n.) -help given to someone, especially someone who is suffering
or in need - ववऩवि में सहायता करना
Example-
1) Her organization gave succour and strength to those who had been
emotionally damaged.
2) A commitment to give succour to populations involved in the conflict.
Syno – comfort, ease, relief, support, guidance, backing
Hint - succor ----> soccer...where one player assists (aids) the other in
the game.
75
146. Overshoot (v.) -If you overshoot a place that you want to get to, you go
past it by mistake - लक्ष्य से बाहर चले जाना
Example-
1) The government usually overshot its original spending target.
2) The plane apparently overshot the runway after landing.
Syno - exceed, outreach, outrun, overpass, overreach
147. Allocation (n.) - the process of giving someone their part of a total amount
of something to use in a particular way - तनधाभ ररत रातर्
Example-
1) The allocation of resources/funds/time.
2) Allocation of the grants was handled by a charity that provides
support and advocacy for disabled children.
Syno – allotment, assignment, issuing, issuance, awarding, grant
76
148. Outlay (n.) – an amount of money spent for a particular purpose,

Expenditure, expense - खचम
Example-
1) The weekly outlay on groceries.
2) A modest outlay on local advertising.
Syno – cost, price, charge, payment, disbursement, investment
149. Arresting (adj.) - very attractive in a way that attracts a lot of attention,
- आकर्भ क
Example-
1) An arresting-looking woman.
2) The house has an arresting view of the river.
Syno – imposing, spectacular, breathtaking, dazzling, amazing,

astounding
77
150. Tide over - to help someone to work or operate normally through a difficult
period - सहायता करना
Example-
1) Can you lend me some money to tide me over till the weekend?
2) A true friend is one who tides over the difficulties.
Syno - help out, assist, aid
151. Dissident (n.) - a person who publicly disagrees with and criticizes their
government - असंतुष्टों
Example-
1) Both camps, of course, have their internal dissidents.
2) Union dissidents have challenged the leadership of the current
president.
Syno - objector, protester, disputant, rebel, revolutionary
78
152. Dissidence (n.) - protest against official policy - मतिे द
Example-
1) Dissidence has been met with steady opposition.
2) There is a growing youth dissidence movement.
Syno – disagreement, dissent, disaccord, disapproval, opposition,

resistance
153. Retreat (v.) - to go away from a place or person in order to escape from
fighting or danger - चले जाना
Example-
1) When she came towards me shouting, I retreated (behind my desk).
- कम होना to become lower in value or amount

Example-
1) Wheat prices retreated after a two-day increase.
Syno – withdraw, draw back, pull out, fall back, give way
79
154. Take to - begin or fall into the habit of - आदत बनाना

Example-
1) Recently he’s taken to wearing a cap
- पसन्द आना form a liking for

Example-
1) Did the children take to him?
- शरण लेना To make use of a particular public platform to express

something.
Example-
1) The politician took to social media to complain about the way her
words had been misrepresented.
Syno – accept, advocate, appreciate, approve
155. Discontent (n.)- dissatisfaction with one's circumstances - असंतोर्

Example-
1) Public discontent with the government is growing.
2) Discontent among junior ranks was rapidly spreading.
Syno - uneasiness, inquietude, restlessness, displeasure
80
156. Amenity (n.) - useful or pleasant facilities or services - सुख सुतवधा

Example-
1) The hotel has very good amenities.
2) Due to electricity we have lots of amenities in life.
Syno – advantage, comfort, benefit, arrangement, opportunity, facility
Hint - amenity sound like “men at ease”; Men at ease need a lot of
amenities.
157. Austerity (n.) - difficult economic conditions created by government

measures to reduce public expenditure - किोर तनयम
Example-
1) People protested in the streets against austerity.
2) The wartime austerity of my early years prepared me for later
hardships.
Syno - hardness, harshness, inclemency, inflexibility, obduracy, rigidity,

seriousness
81
158. Unprecedented (adj.) - never done or known before - अिूतपू वभ

Example-
1) Unprecedented economic growth.
2) This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an
unprecedented scale.
Syno – unequalled, unmatched, extraordinary, uncommon, out of the

ordinary, unusual
Hint - UN(not)..PRECEDE(event occured in past)...so unprecedented

means something which has never occured in past or it is novel
159. Unflinching (adj.) - not showing fear or hesitation in the face of danger or
difficulty - अदम्य
Example-
1) He has shown unflinching determination throughout the campaign.
2) It is a brave and unflinching account of prison life.
Syno – resolute, determined, single-minded, dogged, decided,

resolved, firm
82
Hint - Un-flinching: Not Fly (even an) Inch meaning without any Fear
i.e. not shrinking from danger
160. Herald (v.) - be a sign that (something) is about to happen,

- तकसी के आने की सूचना दे ना
Example-
1) The speech heralded a change in policy.
- to praise something loudly or in a public way - घोतिि करना
Example-
1) The party was heralded as a great success by all.
Syno – adviser, bearer, courier, crier, forerunner, harbinger, indication
83
161. Contemplate (v.) - to consider doing something in the future - तवचार करना
Example-
1) I’m contemplating retirement next year.
- तचंिन करना to think very carefully about something for a long time
Example-
1) I haven’t got time to sit around contemplating the meaning of life.
Syno – aim, consider, envisage, foresee, intend, mean, ponder
Hint - con+template--- to design a template(a model), we have to

THINK DEEPLY
162. Exemplary (adj.) - excellent or done in a way that other people should try
to copy - अनुकरर्ीय
Example-
1) Exemplary behavior.
2) His tact was exemplary, especially considering the circumstances.
Syno – admirable, commendable, estimable, excellent, honorable,

laudable, meritorious
Hint - Serving as an example
84
163. Categorical (adj.) - without any doubt or possibility of being changed,

- सुस्पष्ट
Example-
1) A categorical statement/reply.
2) We want categorical proof.
Syno – absolute, clear-cut, definite, emphatic, forthright, unambiguous,

unequivocal
Hint - sounds like category, so things put in category are clear and
direct
164. Unrivalled (adj.) - better than everyone or everything of the same type,
- अतितीय
Example-
1) The museum boasts an unrivalled collection of French porcelain.
2) He would also emerge as an unrivalled photographer and film-
cameraman.
Syno - unbeaten, unexcelled, incomparable, beyond compare,
inimitable
85
165. Gadfly (n.) - If you refer to someone as a gadfly, you believe that they
deliberately annoy or challenge other people, especially people in authority
- कष्ट दे नेवाला मनुष्य
Example-
1) They have been accused of being a party of cranks and political

gadflies.
2) Scientists are rather like gadflies in this matter.
Syno – nuisance, dilettante, bother, critic, busybody
Hint - Think of it as a Badfly or a biting fly who IRRITATES.
166. Dissent (n.) –a strong difference of opinion on a particular subject,

especially about an official suggestion or plan or a popular belief - मतिे द
Example-
1) When the time came to approve the proposal, there were one or two
voices of dissent.
2) Here was very little room for dissent or different points of view.
Syno – discord, dissension, disunity, objection, opposition, protest
Hint - ASSENT, ACCORD etc mean, to agree and DISSENT, DISCORD
etc mean to disagree.
86
167. Righteous (adj.) - morally correct - सदाचारी
Example-
1) He was regarded as a righteous and holy man.

2) "It's not only morally righteous, it's good business," he said.
Syno – conscientious, ethical, honorable, law-abiding, noble, pure,

spiritual
168. Certitude (n.) - the state of being certain or confident - यकीन
Example-
1) It is impossible to predict the outcome of the negotiations with any

degree of certitude.
2) The supermind lives in the light of spiritual certitudes.
Syno - certainty, confidence, sureness, positiveness, conviction,

reliability, assuredness
87
169. Ostensible (adj.) - appearing or claiming to be one thing when it is really

something else - प्रकट/प्रत्यक्ष
Example-
1) His ostensible purpose was charity, but his real goal was popularity.
2) Rous published 60 scientific papers after his ostensible retirement.
Syno – apparent, assumed, evident, ostensive, presumed
Hint - People are “tense” when they appear to be something they are
not.
170. Concessions - something that is allowed or given up, often in order to end
a disagreement, or the act of allowing or giving this
Example-
1) Both sides involved in the conflict made some concessions in
yesterday's talks.
2) He stated firmly that no concessions will be made to the terrorists.
Syno – acknowledgment, admission, compromise, deal, grant, permit
88
171. Viability (n.) - ability to work successfully - सक्षमता
Example-
1) Rising costs are threatening the viability of many businesses.
- Ability to survive or live successfully - जीवनक्षमिा
Example-
1) Pregnancy depends on the viability of the sperm and egg.
Syno - workable, possible, within-reach, feasible, applicable, executable
172. Augment (v.) - to increase the size or value of something by adding

something to it - वृ न्धि करना
Example-
1) He augmented his summer income by painting houses.
2) He would have to find work to augment his income.
Syno – added, aggregated, amplified, compounded, duplicated,

increased
Hint - You can remember it as opposite of segment...... segment means

to make less.... augment to add
89
173. Pivot (n.) - a fixed point supporting something that turns or balances, the
central or most important person or thing in a situation - महत्वपूर्भ
Example-
1) The former leader has become the pivot on which the country's
emerging political stability turns/revolves (= it depends on him).
- to change your opinions, statements, decisions, etc. so that they

are different to what they were before
Example –
1) He has pivoted to bring himself in line with the rest of the candidates.
Syno – fulcrum, axle, center, heart, hinge, hub, kingpin, shaft
174. Envisage (v.) - to imagine or expect something in the future, especially

something good - संिावना का ध्यान करना
Example-
1) It's envisaged that building will start at the end of this year.
2) The engineer envisaged the recovery process for system
breakdown.
Syno – confront, consider, image, picture, regard, visualize
Hint – en”vis” age: Vis - visualize something which is not present
90
175. Robust (adj.) - (of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object
or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail - सुदृढ़
Example-
1) He looks robust and healthy enough.
2) A robust pair of walking boots.
Syno – booming, hearty, hefty, potent, powerful, prosperous, sturdy
Hint - like a robot; sturdy & strong POWERFUL, MUSCULAR,

VIGOROUS
176. Loath (adj.) - reluctant; unwilling - अतनच्छु क

Example-
1) "I was loath to leave".
2) I'm loath to spend it all at once.
Syno – disinclined, dubious, hesitant, indisposed, reluctant, reticent
Hint - LOATHE means to hate, to detest....hence if you have loathe for

something you become loath
91
177. Loathe (v.) - to hate someone or something - घृर्ा करना, कोसना

Example-
1) "Do you like fish?" "No, I loathe it."
2) I loathe doing housework.
Syno - abhor, abominate, despise, detest, execrate, hate
Hint - LOATHE means to hate, to detest....hence if you have loathe for

something you become loath
178. Vigil (n.) - an act of staying awake, especially at night, in order to be with a
person who is very ill or dying, or to make a protest, or to pray - सतकभ
Example-
1) His parents kept vigil beside his bed for weeks before he died.
2) Protesters are holding a twenty-four hour vigil outside the socialist
party headquarters.
Syno – observance, patrol, attention, awareness, duty, guard, lookout,

monitoring
Hint - Sounds like "whistle". All through the night, watchmen keep a
watch by blowing their whistles. Or vigil – vigilances
92
179. Warry (adj.) - not completely trusting or certain about something or

someone - संदेहशील
Example-
1) Dogs which have been mistreated often remain very wary of
strangers.
2) I'm a little wary of/about giving people my address when I don't know
them very well.
Syno - suspicious, cautious, watchful, guarded, circumspect, prudent,

vigilant
Hint - Wary and worry sound the same... you become wary (cautious) if
you have too many worries in life.
180. Summon (v.) - to officially order someone to come to a place, especially a

court of law - बुलाना
Example-
1) He has been summoned to appear in court on charges of incitement
to law-breaking.
(n.) - आह्वाहन पत्र an order to appear before a judge or magistrate

Example-
1) The insurance company had issued a summons for unpaid mortgage
repayments.
Syno - call, cite, challenge, convene, convoke, invite, bid
93
181. Rigorous (adj.) –careful to look at or consider every part of something to

make certain it is correct or safe - सख्ती के साथ
Example-
1) The rigorous testing of consumer products.
- Strict or severe , कठोर

Example - 1) Rigorous military training.
- Detailed and careful , यथाथथ रूप से

Example - 1) I want rigorous financial analysis of the options.
Syno - strict, severe, stern, stringent, austere, Spartan, tough, hard,

harsh, rigid
182. Abduct (v.) - to take someone away from their home, family etc using
force - अपहरर् करना
Example-
1) He was abducted at gunpoint.
2) She was charged with abducting a six-month-old child.
Syno - kidnap, shanghai, steal, release, seize, molest, carry off
94
183. Obliterate (v.) - to destroy something completely - नामो तनशान तमटा दे ना

Example-
1) Whole villages were obliterated by fire.
2) The memory was so painful that he obliterated it from his mind.
Syno - wipe off, hide, kill, wipe out, erase, obscure, veil, blot out
184. Prerogative (n.) - something that certain people are able or allowed to do
or have, but is not possible or allowed for everyone - तवशेर् अतधकार
Example-
1) In some countries, higher education is predominantly the prerogative
of the rich.
2) Alex makes all the big decisions - that's his prerogative as company
director.
Syno - entitlement, right, privilege, advantage, liberty, authorization,

power, license
95
185. Impunity (n.) - freedom from punishment or from the unpleasant results of
something that has been done - दण्डमुन्धक्त
Example-
1) These gangs operate with apparent impunity.
2) She thought that her money and power gave her the right to ignore
the law with impunity.
Syno - immunity, indemnity, amnesty, exemption, pardon
Hint - impunity: immunity from penalty.
186. Condemn (v.) - to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for

moral reasons - तनंदा करना
Example-
1) Politicians have condemned the attacks.
2) The statement was roundly condemned by members of the
opposition party.
Syno - censure, criticize, denounce, reprehend, reprobate
96
187. Stricture (n.) -a restriction on a person or activity

- व्यवहार को घनयन्त्रित करनेवाऱा घनयम
Example-
1) The strictures imposed by the British Board of Film Censors.
2) The Taliban's strictures on women's rights and education.
-a criticism - कटु आलोचना
Example-
1) His strictures on their lack of civic virtue.
2) The Church's strictures on lending money at exorbitant interest.
Syno – tightness, criticism, obloquy, rebuke, choking, strangulation,

check, squeezing
Hint - STRICTURE rhymes with strict sir...so a sir who is always strict –
Criticizes severely and also constricts (limits)
188. Notwithstanding - despite the fact or thing mentioned - के बावजूद

Example –
1) Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we must go
ahead with the plan
2) Injuries notwithstanding, the team won the semifinal.
Syno - nevertheless, nonetheless, even so, in spite of, despite this,

after everything, still
97
189. Brazen (adj.) - obvious, without any attempt to be hidden - तनलभज/बेशमभ

Example -
1) Brazen cheating
2) He told me a brazen lie.
Syno - shameless, presumptuous, immodest, unabashed,

unembarrassed, unblushing
190. Exonerate (v.) - to show or state that someone or something is not guilty
of something - दोर्मुक्त करना
Example-
1) The evidence completely exonerates the President.
2) The official report basically exonerated everyone
Syno - absolve, acquit, clear, discharge, exculpate, exempt, forgive,

vindicate
191. Cognizance (n.) -the process by which you recognize and understand
something - ऻान, ऩण
ू म जानकार होना
Example-
1) The guests took cognizance of the snide remark.
2) I had no cognizance of the situation
98
Syno - perception, cognition, awareness, knowledge, notice
Hint - Cogni - "mind" + Zance (sense) - "aware"
192. Embolden (v.) -If you are emboldened by something, it makes you feel
confident enough to behave in a particular way - साहस दे ना, उत्साह दे ना
Example-
1) Emboldened by drink, he walked over to speak to her.
2) The party has been emboldened by recent local election successes.
Syno - bear up, buck up, buoy (up), cheer (up), chirk (up), encourage,
hearten, inspire
193. Misdemeanor (n.) - a minor wrongdoing - खराब आचरण, तुच्छ जुमम
-an action that is slightly bad or breaks a rule but is not a crime
Example-
1) The player can expect a suspension for his latest misdemeanor
2) Every week, as children, we were beaten for some minor
misdemeanor.
Syno – dirt, fault, infringement, misbehavior, misconduct, miscue,

offense
Hint - miss the manner...hence did a small crime

99
194. Exemplary (n.) – excellent or done in a way that other people should try to
copy - उदाहरणात्मक
Example
1) Her patience is exemplary.
2) Exemplary behavior.
Syno - perfect, ideal, model, faultless, without fault, copybook, flawless,

impeccable
Hint - serving as an example
195. Mete out - to give or order a punishment or make someone receive cruel
or unfair treatment - दे ना/िुगतवाना
Example-
1) In the past, schoolteachers regularly meted out physical punishment
to their pupils.
2) Severe penalties were meted out by the court.
- to give out or distribute (something)

Example –
1) We're trying to be fair in meting out rewards and punishments.
Syno - distribute, administer, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense, shell out
100
196. Ameliorate (v.) - to make a bad or unpleasant situation better

- सुधारना, बेहतर बनाना
Example-
1) Foreign aid is badly needed to ameliorate the effects of the drought.
2) The army has been called to ameliorate the city situation.
Syno – amend, better, enhance, enrich, help, improve, meliorate,

perfect
Hint- Ameli (Imli) improves the taste of food.
197. Extract (v.) - to remove or take out something - सार तत्व तनकालना
Example-
1) The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking.
2) The cream contained extracts of/from several plants.
Syno - take out, draw out, bring out, pull out, remove, withdraw,
extricate
101
198. Conundrum (n.) - a difficult problem that seems to have no solution - पहे ली
Example-
1) One of the most difficult conundrums for the experts".
2) Arranging childcare over the school holidays can be a real
conundrum for working parents.
Syno - puzzle, paradox, enigma, poser, perplexity, show, mystery,

quandary
199. Exotic (adj.) - interesting or exciting because of being unusual or not

familiar - आकर्भ क
Example-
1) exotic flowers/food/designs
2) exotic pets like snakes and tropical birds
Syno – alien, alluring, bizarre, colorful, curious, different, fascinating,

glamorous
102
200. Bulwark (n.) –Something serving as a defense or safeguard - बचाव

Example-
1) We have seen the necessity of the Union, as our bulwark against
foreign danger
2) My savings were to be a bulwark against unemployment.
Syno - buttress, barrier, defense, parapet, rampart, fortification, bastion,

defend, fort.
Hint - Remember Nandi(Bull of Shiva), it protects shiv's place from

demons.

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1

1. Expedite (v.) – make (an action or process) happen sooner or be

Syno - speed up, accelerate, hurry, hasten

Hint - EXPEDITE ~ Exped (sounds like speed) + It; so expedite means

2. Transgression (n.) – the act or process of breaking a law or moral rule

Syno – offence, crime, sin, wrongdoing

Hint - Trans + aggression....imagine the army of Pakistan aggressively

3. Impinge (v.) - have an effect, especially a negative one - असर होना

- To collide (with); strike - टकराना

Syno - collide, crash, hit, impact, knock, ram, slam, smash

Hint - im + pinge (pinch). When someone pinches you they infringe on

4. Hegemony (n.) – Hegemony is a situation in which one country,

Syno – leadership, dominance, dominion, supremacy

Hint – Huge + money. One who have huge money, he always

5. Arbitration (n.) - Arbitration is the judging of a dispute between people or

Syno - decision, settlement, judgment, negotiation, conciliation,

6. Deadlock (n.) – a situation, typically one involving opposing parties, in

Syno - Tie, dilemma, impasse, standoff, pause, draw, predicament

- To admit that you have lost in a competition

-To allow somebody to take something although you do not want

Syno – surrender, yield, give up, relinquish

Hint - Concede = Cede (Surrender) … Surrender and accept something

8. Plebiscite (n.) - A plebiscite is a direct vote by the people of a country or

Syno - vote, poll, referendum, ballot

Hint - By Plebiscite we mean - People cite their opinion towards some

Syno – contrasting, different, differing, dissimilar, unlike

Hint - Disparate can be broken as: "This" "sEparate" so read as "this is

10. Confabulate (v.) – to talk together in an informal way; chat - बातचीत

- to invent experiences or events that did not really happen –

Syno - chat, conversation, rap, words

11. Marginalize (v.) - to treat someone or something as if they are

Syno - Demean, deprecate, diminish, disparage, belittle

12. Grit (n) - very small pieces of stone or sand

- Courage and determination despite difficulty - साहस

Syno – courage, bravery

13. Ostensible (adj.) – appearing or claiming to be one thing when it is really

Syno – apparent, seeming, outward, surface, superficial, assumed,

14. Parley (N.) - A parley is a discussion/meeting between two opposing

– (v.) When two opposing people or groups parley, they meet to

Syno - advise, confab, confabulate, confer, consult, panel discussion

Hint - parley sounds like parliament... where CONFERENCE is held

15. Umbrella organization -

Syno - central institute, central organization, global organization, global

16. Truce (n.) - A truce is an agreement between two people or groups of

- call a truce (=agree to stop fighting or arguing)

Syno - armistice, cease-fire

17. Autarky (n.) - economic independence or self-sufficiency - आत्म-तनिभरता

Syno - absolutism, autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, monocracy,

Syno – influential, formative, groundbreaking, pioneering, original

Hint - SEMINAL is like SEMI fINAL (generally of a contest) which

19. Solace (n.) – comfort or consolation in a time of great distress or sadness.

Syno – confort, consolation, cheer, support, relief

20. Moribund (adj.) - (especially of an organization or business) not active or

Syno – dying, expiring

Hint - band in Hindi means "end” or "finish”, So "moribund" means

Syno – rude, ill-mannered, discourteous, impolite

22. Mettle (n.) - Someone's mettle is their ability to do something well in

Syno – spirit, fortitude, tenacity, courage

Syno – conciseness, crispness, briefness, shortness

Hint - brief + tea, tea time break is short.