Designation: A574 – 11

Standard Specification for

Alloy Steel Socket-Head Cap Screws1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated

1.1 This specification covers the requirements for quenched Fasteners
and tempered alloy steel hexagon socket-head cap screws, F2282 Specification for Quality Assurance Requirements
0.060 through 4 in. in diameter where high strength is required. for Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Mechanical Fasteners
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this F2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization and
standard. Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel
Bolts, Screws and Studs
NOTE 1—A complete metric companion to Specification A574 has been 2.2 ASME Standards:3
developed—A574M; therefore no metric equivalents are presented in this
B18.3 Socket Cap, Shoulder, and Set Screws
specification.
B18.12 Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test B18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-
method portions, sections 5.1, 5.6, 8, and 12, of this specifi- dard for B18 Fastener Products
cation. This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard—The
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- definition of terms used in this specification shall be as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. specified in Terminology F1789, ASME B18.12, or the appli-
cable referenced standards, unless otherwise defined herein. In
2. Referenced Documents
the event that there are differences for a given term, ASTM
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 definitions shall be used.
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
cal Analysis of Steel Products 4. Ordering Information
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size 4.1 Orders for socket head cap screws under this specifica-
F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop- tion shall include the following information:
erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, 4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue.
Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets 4.1.2 Name of the screw (SHCS).
F788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of 4.1.3 Quantity (number of pieces by size).
Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series 4.1.4 Dimensions, including nominal thread designation,
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me- thread pitch, and nominal screw length.
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection 4.2 Orders for socket head cap screws shall include the
F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners following optional requirements if specified by the purchaser:
F1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification to 4.2.1 Inspection at point of manufacture.
4.2.2 Coating, if a protective finish other than those, which
are described in 5.5 is required, it must be specified (see 5.6).
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on 4.2.3 Certified test reports, as required (see Section 15).
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, 4.2.4 Additional testing (see 12.1).
Nuts, Rivets and Washers.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
4.2.5 Special packaging (see 18.1.2).
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A574 – 08. DOI: 4.2.6 Supplementary requirements (see S1).
10.1520/A0574-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
the ASTM website. www.asme.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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 A574 – 11
4.2.7 Special requirements. to minimize internal hydrogen embrittlement shall be exer-
4.2.8 For establishment of a part identifying system, see cised. Additional precautions such as the requirements in Test
ASME B18.24. Method F1940 and Test Methods F606 shall be by agreement
with the purchaser.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The screws shall be fabricated from alloy steel made to 6. Chemical Composition
a fine grain practice. In the event of controversy over grain 6.1 The screws shall be alloy steel conforming to the
size, referee tests on finished screws conducted in accordance chemical composition specified in Table 2 and the require-
with Test Methods E112 shall prevail. ments in Specification F2282. See Supplementary Requirement
5.2 Screws in sizes through 0.750 in. diameter, and with S1 when additional alloy steel grades are required.
lengths through ten times the nominal product size or 6.0 6.2 One or more of the following alloying elements: chro-
inches, whichever is shorter, shall be cold headed, except that mium, nickel, molybdenum, or vanadium shall be present in
when specified by the purchaser the screws shall be hot headed. sufficient quantity to ensure that the specified strength proper-
Larger sizes and longer lengths shall be cold or hot headed at ties are met after oil quenching and tempering. As a guide for
the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified by selecting material, an alloy steel should be capable of meeting
the purchaser. Screws larger than 1.500 in. nominal diameter the specified mechanical requirements if the “as oil quenched”
shall be permitted to be machined. Sockets shall be forged or core hardness one diameter from the point is equal to or
machined at the option of the manufacturer. exceeds 25 HRC + (55 3 carbon content).
5.3 Screws in sizes through 0.625 in. diameter, and for 6.3 When product analyses are made by the purchaser from
product lengths through 4 in. shall be roll threaded, unless finished screws representing each lot, the chemical composi-
otherwise specified by the purchaser. Larger products shall be tion, thus determined, shall conform to the requirements
rolled, cut, or ground at the option of the manufacturer. prescribed for product analysis in Table 2.
5.4 Screws shall be heat treated by quenching in oil from 6.4 Steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or lead has
above the transformation temperature and then tempered by been intentionally added shall not be permitted.
reheating to at least 700°F to achieve the mechanical properties 6.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance
specified in Section 7 and Table 1. with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
5.4.1 When specified by the purchaser, the minimum tem-
pering temperature shall be verified by subjecting screws to 7. Mechanical Properties
680°F for 30 minutes at temperature. The mean cross section 7.1 Socket head cap screws shall be tested in accordance
hardness of three readings on the screw before and after with the mechanical testing requirements specified in Table 3,
retempering shall not differ by more than 2 points hardness and shall meet the mechanical requirements in Table 1, and
Rockwell C (HRC). either Table 4 or Table 5.
5.5 Standard Finishes—Unless otherwise specified, the 7.2 The screws that are tested for wedge tensile strength
screws shall be furnished with one of the following “standard shall utilize a wedge of the angle specified in Table 6 under the
surfaces as manufactured” at the option of the manufacturer: head. To meet the requirements of the wedge test, there must be
(1) bright uncoated, (2) thermal black oxide, or (3) chemical a tensile failure in the body or thread section. For the purpose
black oxide. Hydrogen embrittlement tests shall not be re- of this test, failure means separation into two pieces. Screws
quired for screws furnished in these conditions. threaded to the head shall pass the requirements for this test if
5.6 Protective Coatings: the fracture that caused failure originated in the thread area,
5.6.1 When a protective finish other than as specified in 5.5 even though it may have propagated into the fillet area or the
is required, it shall be specified on the purchase order with the head before separation.
applicable finish specification.
5.6.2 When protective or decorative coatings are applied to 8. Metallurgical Requirement
the screws, precautions specified by the coating requirements
8.1 Carburization or Decarburization:
8.1.1 There shall be no evidence of carburization or total
TABLE 1 Mechanical Requirements decarburization on the surfaces of the heat-treated screws when
#0.500 in. >0.500 in. measured in accordance with Test Method F2328 (Class 3
Property
Nom. Dia. Nom. Dia. Product).
Full-size screws:
Tensile or wedge tensile strength, min, ksi 180 170
Proof load (stress), ksi 140 135
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
Product hardness: Composition, %
Rockwell (HRC) 39–45 37–45 Element Heat Product
Analysis Analysis
Machined test specimen:
Yield strength at 0.2% offset, min., ksi 153 153 Carbon, min 0.33 0.31
Tensile strength, min., ksi 180 170 Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040
Elongation in 5D, min. 10 % 10 % Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045
Reduction of area, min. 35 % 35 % Alloying elements See 6.2

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 A574 – 11
TABLE 3 Mechanical Testing Requirements
Test Conducted Using Test Conducted Using
Full Size Product Machined Test Specimen
Tensile Load, Product Hardness, Hardness, Decarb/ Yield
Item Description Wedge Axial
min, lb Length max min Carburization Proof Strength Tensile % Red.
Tensile Tensile Elongation
Load at 0.2% Strength of Area
Strength Strength
Offset
1 All short lengths … Less than 3DA B B B
… … … … … … …
B B
2 #0.500 in. D #270,000 3D to 1.5 in. … ZC XC … … … … …
B B
3 #0.500 in. D #270,000 Over 3D … ZC XC … YC YC YC YC
B B
4 >0.500 in. D >270,000 Over 3D … ZC … XC YC YC YC YC
A
D denotes nominal diameter of product.
B
Denotes mandatory test.
C
Either all tests denoted by X or all tests denoted by Y shall be performed. In case of arbitration full-size tests, denoted X, shall be decisive. Proof load test denoted
Z shall be conducted when purchaser requests the test in inquiry and order.

TABLE 4 Tensile Requirements for Coarse Thread Screws TABLE 5 Tensile Requirements for Fine Thread Screws
Proof Load Proof Load
Screw Tensile Stress (Length Screw Tensile Stress (Length
Threads/ Threads/
Dia (D), Load, Area, Measurement Dia (D), Load, Area, Measurement
in. in.
in. min, lbf A in.2 B Method), in. min, lbf A in.2 B Method)
min, lbf C min, lbf C
0.073 64 473 0.00263 368 0.060 80 324 0.00180 252
0.086 56 666 0.00370 518 0.073 72 500 0.00278 389
0.099 48 877 0.00487 682 0.086 64 709 0.00394 552
0.112 40 1 090 0.00604 846 0.099 56 941 0.00523 732
0.125 40 1 430 0.00796 1 110 0.112 48 1 190 0.00661 925
0.138 32 1 640 0.00909 1 270 0.125 44 1 490 0.00830 1 160
0.164 32 2 520 0.0140 1 960 0.138 40 1 830 0.01015 1 420
0.190 24 3 150 0.0175 2 450 0.164 36 2 650 0.01474 2 060
0.250 20 5 730 0.0318 4 450 0.190 32 3 600 0.0200 2 800
0.3125 18 9 440 0.0524 7 340 0.250 28 6 500 0.0364 5 100
0.375 16 13 900 0.0775 10 800 0.3125 24 10 400 0.0580 8 120
0.4375 14 19 100 0.1063 14 900 0.375 24 15 800 0.0878 12 300
0.500 13 25 500 0.1419 19 900 0.4375 20 21 400 0.1187 16 600
0.625 11 38 400 0.226 30 500 0.500 20 28 800 0.1599 22 400
0.750 10 56 800 0.334 45 100 0.625 18 43 500 0.256 34 600
0.875 9 78 500 0.462 62 400 0.750 16 63 400 0.373 50 400
1.000 8 103 000 0.606 81 800 0.875 14 86 500 0.509 68 700
1.125 7 129 000 0.763 103 000 1.000 12 113 000 0.663 89 500
1.250 7 165 000 0.969 131 000 1.125 12 146 000 0.856 116 000
1.375 6 196 000 1.155 156 000 1.250 12 182 000 1.073 145 000
1.500 6 239 000 1.405 190 000 1.375 12 224 000 1.315 178 000
1.750 5 323 000 1.90 256 000 1.500 12 269 000 1.581 213 000
2.000 41⁄2 425 000 2.50 338 000 A
Values based on 180 ksi for 0.500 and smaller and 170 ksi for sizes larger than
2.250 41⁄2 552 000 3.25 439 000
0.500 in. and stress area in accordance with Footnote B.
2.500 4 680 000 4.00 540 000 B
Stress areas based on H-28 as follows:
2.750 4 838 000 4.93 666 000
3.000 4 1 010 000 5.97 806 000 As 5 0.7854 @D – ~0.9743/n!# 2
3.250 4 1 210 000 7.10 958 000
3.500 4 1 420 000 8.33 1 120 000
where:
3.750 4 1 640 000 9.66 1 300 000
As = stress area,
4.000 4 1 880 000 11.08 1 500 000
D = nominal screw size, and
A
Values based on 180 ksi for 0.500 and smaller and 170 ksi for sizes larger than n = threads/in.
0.500 in. and stress area in accordance with Footnote B.
C
B
Stress areas based on Handbook H-28 (U.S. Department of Commerce) as Values based on 140 ksi for 0.500 and smaller and 135 ksi for sizes larger than
follows: 0.500 in. and stress area in accordance with Footnote B.
As 5 0.7854 @D – ~0.9743/n!#2
9. Dimensions
where: 9.1 Unless otherwise specified, the product shall conform to
As = stress area, the requirements of ASME B18.3.
D = nominal screw size, and
n = threads/in. 10. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance
C
Values based on 140 ksi for 0.500 and smaller and 135 ksi for sizes larger than 10.1 Surface Discontinuities—The surface discontinuities
0.500 in. and stress area in accordance with Footnote B.
for these products shall conform to Specification F788/F788M
and the additional limitations specified herein.
8.1.2 The depth of partial decarburization shall be limited to 10.2 Forging Cracks:
the values in Test Method F2328 (Class 3 Product) when 10.2.1 Forging cracks that connect the socket to the periph-
measured as described therein. ery of the head as shown in Fig. 1 are not permissible.

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 A574 – 11
TABLE 6 Wedge Test Angles 13.2 The purchaser’s representative, upon reasonable no-
Wedge Angle, Deg tice, shall have free entry to all parts of the manufacturer’s
Screw Size, Body Lengths works, or supplier’s place of business, that concern the
D, in. 2D or Less Body Lengths manufacture or supply of the material ordered. The manufac-
or Threaded Greater than 2D
to the Head
turer or supplier shall afford the purchaser’s representative all
reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being
0.112 – 0.500, incl 6 10
0.625 – 0.750, incl 6 8 furnished in accordance with this specification. All tests and
0.875 to 1.500, incl 4 6 inspections required by the specification that are requested by
the purchaser’s representative shall be made before shipment,
and shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with
the operation of the manufacturer’s works or supplier’s place
10.2.2 Forging cracks originating on the periphery of the of business.
head and with a traverse indicating a potential to intersect on
the top of the socket head as shown in Fig. 1 are not 14. Rejection and Rehearing
permissible. 14.1 The disposition of nonconforming lots shall be in
10.2.3 Other forging cracks are permissible provided those accordance with the provisions found in Guide F1470.
that are located in the bearing area, fillet, and top surfaces do
not have a depth exceeding 0.03D or 0.005 in., whichever is 15. Certification
greater. For peripheral discontinuities, the maximum depth
15.1 When specified on the Purchase Order, the manufac-
shall be 0.06D or 0.064 in., whichever is greater (see Fig. 1).
turer or supplier, as applicable, shall furnish a test report or
10.2.4 Forging cracks located in the socket wall within 0.1
certificate of conformance as specified by the purchaser.
times the actual key engagement (T) from the bottom of the
15.2 When a test report is specified, it shall include the heat
socket are not permissible. Discontinuities located elsewhere in
number and the results of the chemical composition, mechani-
the socket shall not have a length exceeding 0.25T, or a
cal properties, metallurgical requirements, dimensional tests,
maximum depth of 0.03D or 0.005 in., whichever is greater
and workmanship requirements.
(see Fig. 2).
15.3 When a certificate of conformance is specified, it shall
10.3 Seams in the shank shall not exceed a depth of 0.03D
include a statement certifying the fasteners have been manu-
or 0.005 in., whichever is greater.
factured, tested and inspected, and that they either conform or
10.4 Thread Discontinuities—Threads shall have no laps at
do not conform to the requirements of this specification.
the root or on the flanks located below the pitch line, as shown
in Fig. 3, when inspected in accordance with Specification 16. Responsibility
F788/F788M, S1.2. Laps are permissible at the thread crest
(Fig. 3C) to a depth of 25 % of the basic thread height and on 16.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be the
the thread flanks above the pitch diameter. Longitudinal seams organization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser.
rolled beneath the root of the thread and across the crests of the
17. Product Marking
threads are acceptable within the limits of 10.3.
17.1 All screws with nominal diameters of 1⁄4 in. and larger
11. Sampling and Number of Tests manufactured to this revision shall be permanently marked to
identify the manufacturer’s or private label distributor’s iden-
11.1 Guide F1470 shall be used to determine the necessary
tification symbol. Marking for “Socket Head Cap Screws”
sampling plan and the number of tests that must be performed
shall be on the side of the head or on top.
to demonstrate that all of the requirements of this standard are
17.2 Manufacturer’s or private label distributor’s identifica-
met for each lot.
tion shall be distinct.
12. Test Methods NOTE 2—Manufacturing head markings should be unique and traceable
directly to the manufacturer, and comply with governmental regulations
12.1 Testing, to demonstrate that the requirements in 5.4.1, where applicable.
Section 7, or any additional mechanical tests that are required
by the purchaser have been met, shall be in accordance with 18. Packaging and Package Marking
Test Methods F606 at room temperature. 18.1 Packaging:
12.2 The inspection and evaluation of surface discontinui- 18.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, product shall be pack-
ties shall be in accordance with the requirements in Specifica- aged according to the manufacturer’s practice to prevent
tion F788/F788M. damage before and during shipment.
12.3 Decarburization and carburization tests shall be con- 18.1.2 When special packaging requirements are required,
ducted in accordance with Test Method F2328, Class 3. they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order.
18.2 Package Marking:
13. Inspection 18.2.1 The container shall be marked to permit identifica-
13.1 If the inspection described in 13.2 is required by the tion of the lot. Each shipping unit shall also include or be
purchaser, it shall be specified in the inquiry and contract or plainly marked with the following information:
order. 18.2.1.1 ASTM designation,

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 A574 – 11

FIG. 1 Head and Body Discontinuity Location and Limits

FIG. 2 Socket Discontinuity Location and Limits

18.2.1.2 Size, 18.2.1.4 Number of pieces,

18.2.1.3 Name and brand or trademark of the manufacturer, 18.2.1.5 Purchase order number, and

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 A574 – 11

FIG. 3 Thread Discontinuities

18.2.1.6 Country of origin.

19. Keywords
19.1 alloy steel; cap screws; socket head

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following Supplementary Requirement shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
contract or purchase order. Supplementary requirements shall in no way negate any requirement of the
specification itself.

S1. Specific Grade Chemical Compositions

S1.1 When Supplementary Requirement S1 is specified on
the order, the chemical composition shall conform to one of the
compositions in Table S1.1 at the option of the supplier, unless
a specific composition (Grade) has been specified on the
purchase order.

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 A574 – 11
TABLE S1.1 Chemical Composition
Grade
4137 4142 4145 4340 8740 5137M 51B37M
Designation
UNS Number G41370 G41420 G41450 G43400 G87400 ... ...
Carbon:
Heat Analysis 0.35–0.40 0.40–0.45 0.43–0.48 0.38–0.43 0.38–0.43 0.35–0.40 0.33–0.40
Product Analysis 0.33–0.42 0.38–0.47 0.41–0.50 0.36–0.45 0.36–0.45 0.33–0.42 0.31–0.42
Manganese:
Heat Analysis 0.70–0.90 0.75–1.00 0.75–1.00 0.60–0.80 0.75–1.00 0.30–0.50 0.30–0.50
Product Analysis 0.67–0.93 0.71–1.04 0.71–1.04 0.57–0.83 0.71–1.04 0.27–0.53 0.27–0.53
Phosphorus, max:
Heat Analysis 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035
Product Analysis 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040
Sulfur, max:
Heat Analysis 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040
Product Analysis 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045
Silicon:
Heat Analysis 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35
Product Analysis 0.13–0.37 0.13–0.37 0.13–0.37 0.13–0.37 0.13–0.37 0.13–0.37 0.13–0.37
Nickel:
A A A A A
Heat Analysis 1.65–2.00 0.40–0.70
Product Analysis ... ... ... 1.65–2.05 0.37–0.73 ... ...
Chromium:
Heat Analysis 0.80–1.10 0.80–1.10 0.80–1.10 0.70–0.90 0.40–0.60 0.90–1.20 0.95–1.25
Product Analysis 0.75–1.15 0.75–1.15 0.75–1.15 0.67–0.93 0.37–0.63 0.85–1.25 0.90–1.30
Molybdenum:
A A
Heat Analysis 0.15–0.25 0.15–0.25 0.15–0.25 0.20–0.30 0.20–0.30
Product Analysis 0.13–0.27 0.13–0.27 0.13–0.27 0.18–0.32 0.18–0.32 ... ...
Boron:
A A A A A A
Heat Analysis 0.0005–0.003
B
Product Analysis ... ... ... ... ... ...

A
Elements shown with an “A” are not applicable to that grade designation.
B
Boron is not subject to product analysis.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A574 – 08
that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) Added purchaser’s option to request proof load test in

Table 3, item 3.

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