Anoplura - Phthiraptera

Species Morphology Clinical Features

1. piercing-sucking,
1. dorsoventral flattended
hemimetabola metamorf, egg
(nits) stickly attached
2. has 3 thorax segment,
each has claw foot 2. direct or indirect
transmission
Pediculus capitis, Pediculus 3. has spiracle at lateral side
humanus 3. secrete local anest and
4. 9 segments abdomen, anticoagulant, severe lead to
female adult has gonopod in vagabond's disease and plica
posterior palonica

4. Vector of Rickettsia &

Borrelia

1. site of bite maculae

caeruleae
Phthirus pubis 1. crab lice, crab like foot
2. Close contact
transmission, also through
sweat and body fluid
Siphonaptera -jump flea
Species Morphology Clinical Features

No comb, occular bristle

Pulex irritans (human fleas) base located under the eye

1. piercing-sucking, flat
laterolateral

No comb, occular bristle 2. 10th abdominal segments,

Xenopsylla cheopis
base located in front of the 9th has pygidium. Penial
(rat fleas) eye organ for male and
spermateca for female.

3. X. cheopis as a vector for

plaque and bubonic plaque
has one lined pronotal
Nosopsyllus fasciatus comb 4. X. cheopis, C. canis, C. felis,
N. fasciatus are vector of
Murine typhus fever.

5. C. canis, C. felis, P. irritans

Has oral comb and are vector of Dipylidium
Ctenocephalides canis pronotal comb, 1st comb caninum.
shorter than 2nd comb
6. All fleas are vector of
Hymenolepis diminuta.

Has oral comb and

Ctenocephalides felis pronotal comb, 1st comb
same as 2nd comb
 Hemiptera
Species Morphology Clinical Features
Pyramidal head, piercing-
sucking, male has hemelytral
pads, female has paragenital
Cimex lectularius sinus, flexing proboscis
1. Vector of Pasteurella
tularensis

2. Biological and mechanical

vector of hepatitis B
Pyramidal head, piercing-
3. Family: Cimicidae
sucking, male has hemelytral
Cimex hemipterus pads, female has paragenital
sinus, flexing proboscis, No
Pronotum Expansion!

1. Vector of Chagas disease

Cone-shaped head,
(T. cruzi) are Panstrongylus
prominent eyes, megistus, Triatoma infestans,
Triatoma infestans rhomboidal thorax, red- Rhodnius prolixus (eat and
yellow spotted transmit through its feses)

2. Family: Rudoviidae
Orthoptera - Blattaria
Species Morphology Clinical Features
1. bitting-chewing, eggs are
bitting-chewing, 2
stored in ootheca, 2 types of
horizontal line on
wings tegmina and
Blatella germanica pronotum, smallest among
membranasea,
others
hemimetabola

2. Mechanical vector of
bitting-chewing, white intestinal protozoa, T. gondii,
spotted, short wing in male,
Blatta orientalis helminth's eggs, and bacterial
rudimented in female infections

bitting-chewing, yellow
pronotum, biggest
Periplaneta americana among three others
 Ordo Acarina
Species Morphology Clinical Features
1. obligate blood sucking,
1. Rectangular basis capituli transtadial transmission
and festoon
2. Pathogenesis cause ticks
Dermacentor andersoni 2. Male's scutum covers all paralisis, neuromuscular
the thorax, while female only junction, lymph torreliasis
half
3. Larvae has 3 feet, adult 4
feet

1. obligate blood sucking,

transtadial transmission
1. Rectangular basis capituli
and festoon 2. Pathogenesis cause ticks
Dermacentor variabilis paralisis, neuromuscular
2. Larva of D. variabilis has junction, lymph torreliasis
only 3 feet
3. Larvae has 3 feet, adult 4
feet

1. obligate blood sucking,

1. Hexagonal basis capituli transtadial transmission
and semicircular festoon
2. Pathogenesis cause ticks
Rhipicephalus
2. Male's scutum covers all paralisis, neuromuscular
sanguineus
the thorax, while female only junction, lymph torreliasis
half
3. Larvae has 3 feet, adult 4
feet
Acarina, Familia Sarcoptidae

1. Round caput, round 1. Mostly found in interdigitti

abdomen, transparant (thin skin)

2. 2 pairs anterior feet, 2 2. 4 cardinal signs: pruritus

pairs posterior feet nocturna, group infection,
make canaliculi, mites found
Sarcoptes scabiei (mites)
3. Male has bristle on 3th
foot, others are pulvili 3. Pathogenesis:
hypersensitivity type I & IV
4. Female has bristle on 3th
and 4th foot, others are 4. Tx: Scabicidal, antihistamin,
sulphate cream

Class Diplopoda/ Myriapoda

1. Long, silindris, segmented secretes hydrogen cyanide,

some secrete quinon lead to
Millipedes 2. Each segment has 2 pairs brownish pigmentation and
feet millipedes burn, if contact to
eye lead to conjuctivitis &
keratitis
 Class Chilopoda

1. Dorsoventral flattened,
has poison claw Cause local necrosis, lead to
Centipedes anaphyactic shock, injection
2. Each segment has a pairs through cutaneous
feet

Ordo Scorpionida

1. Cephalothorax not
segmented, segmented
abdomen, big pedipalp Venom disrupt nervous system,
lead to tachycardi and
Scorpion 2. Telson on posterior, bradycardi, pulmonary
pyriform, chelicera on anterior oedema, nerve block
anaesthesia (lydocaine)

Ordo Pedipaldia

1. Cephalothorax not
segmented, segmented
abdomen, small pedipalp secrete acetic acid and
Whip scorpion octanoic acid, vinegar odor,
2. Whip on posterior, pyriform,
chelicera on anterior

Ordo Aranea / Araneida

1. Australian funnel web:
venom is toxic to Na Channel
1. Cephalothorax, not lead to hypo/hypertension
segmented abdomen,
conect with pedicle with 2. Brown recluse: venom is
abdomen sphingmyelinase D, lead to
Spider
necrosis/hemolysis
2. has chelicera on
anterior, silk gland on 3. Black widow: venom is
posterior latrotoxin lead to latrodectism
(muscle pain, cramp,
 Ordo Diptera
Famili Tabanidae - blood sucking
Species Morphology Clinical Features

1. short antennaand proboscis,

cutting-lapping mouth
Vector of Bacillus anthracis,
Tabanus spp. (horse fly) 2. V-like reversed wings, female is trypanosoma, filaria,
blood suckers tularemia

3. Male is holoptic, female

dichoptic

Famili Glossinidae - blood sucking

1. Piercing-sucking, bayonet like

proboscis

Glossina spp. 2. Resting stage, scissor like wings, Vector of Trypanosoma b.

male female is blood suckers gambiense

3. Male is holoptic, female dichoptic

Famili Muscidae - non blood sucking

1. sponging mouth, mucoid type

antenna, 4 longitudinal black line on
dorsal thorax
Musca domestica Important as mechanical
2. Resting stage, scissor like wings, vector, come third in forensic

3. V-like reversed wings

Famili Sarcphagidae - non blood sucking

1. grey color, 5 logitudinal black line

on dorsal thorax Larva causes myiasis, comes
Sarcophaga after Calliphoridae on corps
haemorrhoidalis 2. Black-white (chess) pattern in forensic, mechanical
abdomen vector

2. V-like reversed wings

Famili Calliphoridae - non blood sucking

1. methalic green-blue thorax

and abdomen
blow, bluebottle, Larva causes myiasis, comes
greenbottle flies 2. 3 logitudinal lines first on corps in forensic,
mechanical vector
2. V-like reversed wings
 Morphology
Species Clinical Features
Egg Larva Adult
Subfamilia Culicinae

1. Night bitter,
antropozoophilic, exo-
endophillic, exo-endophagic

2. Vector of filariasis,
japanese encephalitis, W.
Culex spp. bancrofti

attach in cluster and 3. Horizontal transmission

floating on water long siphon, has more than 2 A. Female: palpus shorter than
surface like raft pairs hairtuft, more than 2 proboscis, pilose type antenna 4. Breeding place: sawah,
lines comb teeth, has anal selokan, rawa, air
segment B. Male: palpus as long as tawar/payau yang ada
proboscis, plumose type antenna

C. Scale similar with wing's color

1. Day bitter,
antropozoophilic, exo-
endophillic, exo-endophagic

2. Vector of DBD, filariasis,

chikungunya, W. bancrofti
Aedes spp.
placed singly, 3. Ae. aegypti usually found
ellipsoid, black with in urban area.
woven pattern, A. head morphology similar to Culex
found on inner wall Ae. aegypti comb teeth has spp., scales is darker than wings 4. Breeding place: clean
of water container lateral spine while Ae. water, well,used cans &
albopictus don't. Ae. aegypti B. Ae. albopictus thorax has single tires, Ae. albopictus likes
white longitudinal line, Ae. aegypti
thorax has spine on basis
thorax has Lyre form
 1. Vector of Brugia malayi,
Small coned wide siphon, has W. bancrofti
piercing valve, one line comb
Mansonia spp. teeth 2. Breeding place: open
under or upper of broad scales, often asymetrical, swamp with water plants
water plants leaf,
one sharp point and
the other is blunt

pupa is similar for all, has air

trumpet
Subfamilia Anophelinea

1. Night bitter, midnight

until before sunrise

2. Vector of W. bancrofti,
Brugia malayi, Brugia
timori

3. Attracted with sweat

Anopheles spp.
odor, body temperature,
and CO2
two blunt end, has
A. Female: palpus as long as
flotation apparatus proboscis, pilose type antenna 4. Breeding place: rice field,
forest, river flow/ coastal
B. Male: palpus as long as area, mangrove
No siphon larvae, has spiracle,
palmate hairs,and targal plate proboscis, club shaped,
along the abdomen plumose type antenna 5. Resting position make an
angle (culex don't