Unit 2: The Internet

Table of Contents

Lesson 1: Welcome to the Internet

Lesson 2: Building a Network
Lesson 3: The Need for Addressing
Lesson 4: Routing & Redundancy
Lesson 5: Packets
Lesson 6: HTTP and DNS
Lesson 7: Internet Dilemmas, Pt 1
Lesson 8: Internet Dilemmas, Pt 2
Lesson 9: Assessment Day
 Unit 2 - Lesson 1
Welcome to the Internet
Unit 2 Lesson 1 - Warm Up

Prompt:

We’ve learned to represent

images, text, and sound
digitally - but we haven’t
discussed what we do with
all this digital data. How do
you see people sharing this
kind of data in the real
world? Who do they want to
share it with and why?
Unit 2 Lesson 1 - Activity

1. What is the Internet?

2. What questions do you have
about how the Internet works?

AP CSP
Journal
Unit 2 Lesson 1 - Activity
Unit 2 Lesson 1 - Activity

Do This: Join your partner in the Internet Simulator

on Level 1

Partner #1 -
(Dani)

Partner #2 -
(Hannah)
Unit 2 Lesson 1 - Activity

Do This:
Explore the Internet
Simulator. How
does it work? What
can I do with it?
Unit 2 Lesson 1 - Activity

Prompt:

How is the Internet Simulator similar to

the Internet?

How is it different?
 Unit 2 - Lesson 2
Building a Network
Unit 2 Lesson 2 - Warm Up

Prompt:

In the previous lesson, we explored the

Internet Simulator, where each of you were
connected to one other person by a single
wire. What are the potential problems with this
setup?
Unit 2 Lesson 2 - Activity

Human Network
You and your group should have:
string
Unit 2 Lesson 2 - Activity

Rules for all Challenges:

● Only two people can be connected
by a single string.
● You can be connected to multiple
people at the same time via multiple
strings.
Unit 2 Lesson 2 - Activity

Challenge #1: As a group, create a

network where everyone can speak
directly to everyone else.
Unit 2 Lesson 2 - Activity

Guideline A: Strings cost money, so try to

use the least number of strings possible

Challenge #2: As a group, create a network

that uses the least number of strings.
Unit 2 Lesson 2 - Activity

Guideline A: Strings cost money, so try to use the

least number of strings possible

Guideline B: Strings can be cut, which might

disconnect people from the network

Challenge #3: As a group, create

a network that keeps everyone
connected even if one of the lines
is cut
Unit 2 Lesson 2 - Activity

Guideline A: Strings cost money, so try to

use the least number of strings possible

Guideline B: Strings can be cut, which might

disconnect people from the network

Guideline C: Direct Connections are faster

than long paths with indirect connections

Challenge #4: As a group, create a network that you feel

balances all 3 guidelines.
Unit 2 Lesson 2 - Activity

Prompt:
Thinking about our 3 guidelines, what is a
strength of the network your group
created?

What is a weakness for the network your

group created?
Unit 2 Lesson 2 - Wrap Up

Computing Device: a machine that can run a program, including

computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Computing System: a group of computing devices and programs

working together for a common purpose

Computing Network: a Path: the series of

group of interconnected connections between
computing devices computing devices on
capable of sending or a network starting with
receiving data. a sender and ending
with a receiver.

Bandwidth: the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed

amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.
Unit 2 Lesson 2 - Wrap Up

Prompt: How would you use these words

to describe today’s activity?
Computing Device
Computing System
Computing Network
Path
Bandwidth

Complete the Check for Understanding

for Unit 2 Lesson 2
 Unit 2 - Lesson 3
The Need for Addressing
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Warm Up

Prompt:

Imagine you were in a room with 5

other people, all with the same name
as you.

What might happen when you start

communicating?
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Activity

The Need for Addressing

You should have:
Activity Guide
Pen or pencil
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Activity

Do This: With your group follow the

directions given in the box for Week 1
Week 1

Day Classmate Name

● If you are a group of 5, everyone cross
Monday
out Sunday Tuesday XXXX BUSY XXXX
● If you are a group of 4, everyone cross Wednesday
out Sunday and Saturday Thursday
● Before starting to schedule each week, Friday

choose a random day of that week when Saturday XXXXXXXXXXX

you’re busy and cross it out Sunday XXXXXXXXXXX

Once your group is ready, fill in your

schedules.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Activity

Prompt: With your group check that everyone's

schedules match. Then discuss what worked well,
what made this tricky, if there's anything you want
to try differently in Week 2.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Activity

Do This: With your group follow the same

directions to set up Week 2
Week 2

Day Classmate Name

● If you are a group of 5, everyone cross
Monday
out Sunday Tuesday
● If you are a group of 4, everyone cross Wednesday
out Sunday and Saturday Thursday XXXX BUSY XXXX
● Cross out a new random day Friday

Saturday XXXXXXXXXXX

Sunday XXXXXXXXXXX
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Activity

Complete Week 2!
Do This:
● Go to Lesson 3 - Level 1

● Join a room with your

group mates.

● Once everyone is in the

room complete Week 2 on
the simulator.

● No talking!
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Activity

Prompt: Fill out the top on the back side of your sheet.
What problems did you encounter? How do you want to fix
them in Week 3?
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Activity

Complete Week 3!
Do This:
● Agree with your group on
the set of rules you'd like
to try this time around for
how to communicate.

● Set up your boards for

Week 3

● Complete Week 3, again

no talking!
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Activity

Do This: Based on your

experience, take 5 minutes to
write down in the rules section
the collective rules you and
your team would advise using
going forward.

Be ready to share!
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Wrap Up
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Wrap Up

Prompt:

What are the similarities and

differences between the Internet
Protocol (IP) and the addressing rules
our class made? Would rules like our
or the IP work if they were secret?
Unit 2 Lesson 3 - Wrap Up

Protocol: An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the

behavior of some system

IP Address: The unique number assigned to each

device on the Internet.

Internet Protocol (IP): a protocol for sending data

across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP
addresses) to each connected device
 Unit 2 - Lesson 4
Routing & Redundancy
Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Warm Up

Prompt:

At the end of class yesterday, we saw that the

Internet uses the Internet Protocol and IP
Addresses to communicate across the shared
Internet. How is this system similar to how we
send letters in the mail? How is it different?
Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Activity

Updated Internet Simulator

Step 1: Open the Internet Simulator

● Connect to the same router number as your group

Step 2: Say Hello!

● Use the updated version of the Internet Simulator to send a
message saying hello to everyone in your group.
● Everyone now has an IP Address!
This will be important in today’s
simulation.
Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Activity

Open the Router Logs

Step 1: Open the Log Browser

Step 2: Look at the Messages

Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Activity

Open the Router Logs

Step 3: View All Messages (including other routers)
Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Activity

Silly Class Survey

Use the Router Logs to choose an IP address from each of the
other routers.
Send each person a message asking who they are and
choose one of the following questions:
● What is your favorite food?
● What is your favorite type of animal?
● What is your favorite color?

Be sure to also respond to questions you get from people on

other routers!
Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Activity

Open the Router Logs

Open the Router Logs Again. You should see a lot more
messages now
Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Activity

Prompt:

Can you predict why some messages are

appearing multiple times?
Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Activity

Do This:
1) Pick someone on a different router and send three separate
messages with your top three favorite movies or TV shows.

2) After you send the messages, open the router logs and find
these same messages in the logs. Notice how these
messages traveled through the network. Did they always
take the same path from your router to the other router?

3) Look at other messages that are being sent. Are there any
patterns in the paths that they take?
Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Activity

Prompt: What did you notice about the

messages you sent in the router logs?

Did they always take the same path from

your router to the other router?
Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Wrap Up

Router: A type of computer that forwards data across a

network

Redundancy: the inclusion of extra components so that a

system can continue to work even if individual
components fail, for example by having more than one
path between any two connected devices in a network.

Fault Tolerant: Can continue to function even in the

event of individual component failures. This is important
because elements of complex systems like a computer
network fail at unexpected times, often in groups.
Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Wrap Up

Prompt:
Thinking about these terms (router,
redundancy, and fault tolerant), how can we
describe what we’ve observed in the router
logs at the end of this activity?
What are some practical reasons that you think
messages might take different paths from one
router to the other?
Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Wrap Up

Router: A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Redundancy: the inclusion of extra components so that a system

can continue to work even if individual components fail, for
example by having more than one path between any two
connected devices in a network.

Fault Tolerant: Can continue to function even in the event of

individual component failures. This is important because elements
of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected
times, often in groups.
Unit 2 - Lesson 5
Packets
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Warm Up

Prompt:
Suppose our school library is moving to a new building on
campus and the librarian has asked for your help.
1. What approach would you take if you just needed to clear
out the space by the end of the day?

2. How would your approach change if you had more time

and wanted to check that every book made it safely and
was on the same shelf it was on before the move?
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Warm Up

Today we’ll learn about two new

protocols, one for when speed is most
important, and one when accuracy is most
important.
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Activity

Updated Internet Simulator

Open the Internet Simulator
● Join a different router than your partner
● Ask your partner for their IP address.
● Using only the simulator, have a conversation about one of
these topics:
○ Your favorite movie
○ Your favorite band/artist
○ The one superpower you wish you had
● Try to discover every way the simulator is different than last
time.
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Activity

What changed?
● A single message can be made up
of many “packets” which you can
add with the “Add Packet” button
● Packets can only be 80 bits long
○ 16 bits are already used for
packet metadata, data added
to help route the messages
○ You only have 64 bits, or 8
ASCII characters free for each
of your messages
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Activity

Packets
You should have:
Activity Guide
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Activity

Protocol 1 - Just Send the Packets

Send a single message that

includes 5 - 10 packets to your
partner.
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Activity

Read the Traffic

Step 1: Open the Log Browser

Step 2: Filter to your traffic on all routers

Step 3: Read the traffic and answer the questions in your

activity guide.
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Activity

Discuss: Responses to the

Activity Guide questions

● Packets can take different paths or be dropped, just like

messages in the previous lesson
● As a result, messages may arrive out of order or incomplete
● While a human might be able to understand the original
message based on context, a computer would not, the
message would simply be lost
● This protocol is simple and fast, but not very accurate
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Activity

There’s two protocols commonly used to send packets online, and depending on
the situation websites will choose the one that makes sense.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Main Idea Like Protocol 1 or clearing out the library

as fast as you can, the goal is to send
information quickly without worrying
about accuray.

Basics of how it Send all the packets but don’t check

works if they all get through or arrive in the
right order.
Use in real life Useful when split seconds matter
more than correcting errors, like
video-conferencing, live streaming,
online gaming
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Activity

Protocol 2 - Check for Errors

Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Activity

There’s two protocols commonly used to send packets online, and depending on
the situation websites will choose the one that makes sense.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Main Idea Like Protocol 1 or clearing out the library Like Protocol 2 or numbering every
as fast as you can. The goal is to send book in the library. It’s slower but more
information quickly without worrying accurate.
about accuray.

Basics of how it Number packets so they can be

Send all the packets but don’t check
works re-ordered, confirm all were received,
if they all get through or arrive in the
resend any missing packets. Multiple
right order.
back and forth confirmations between
sender and receiver.

Use in real life Useful when split seconds matter Useful when accuracy matters more
more than correcting errors, like than saving a split second, like sending
video-conferencing, live streaming, emails, photos, or just browsing
online gaming websites
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Wrap Up
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Wrap Up
Datastream: Information Packet: A chunk of data sent
passed through the over a network. Larger
internet in packets. messages are divided into
packets that may arrive at the
destination in order,
out-of-order, or not at all.
Packet Metadata: Data
The IP address of the sender and
added to packets to help receiver helps route the message.
route them through the
network and reassemble
the original message.

Transmission Control Protocol User Datagram Protocol

(TCP): A protocol for sending (UDP): A protocol for
packets that does sending packets quickly with
error-checking to ensure all minimal error-checking and
packets are received and no resending of dropped
properly ordered packets

X X
Unit 2 - Lesson 6
HTTP and DNS
Prompt: As we watch the following video consider these
questions:

● How does the DNS solve the problem of translating

domain names like example.com into IP addresses?
● How does the DNS help the Internet scale?
Unit 2 Lesson 6 - Activity

AP CSP
Journal

● How does the DNS solve

the problem of
translating domain
names like example.com
into IP addresses?
● How does the DNS help
the Internet scale?
Prompt: Discuss the following prompts with a partner:

● How does the DNS solve the problem of translating

domain names like example.com into IP addresses?
● How does the DNS help the Internet scale?
Let’s go use the final version of the Internet Simulator

Do This:

Go to Level 1
on Code Studio
Do This:

● Log into this version of the Internet

Simulator
● No talking at all, not even to get your
partner’s IP address
● Ask the DNS for the IP address of a user
by sending GET username
● Use the IP address you get back to
communicate with at least 2 friends. You
can talk about
○ In your ideal world what time would
school start?
○ What would you eat for your perfect
meal?
Do This: As we watch this video take notes on the HTTP
protocol.

● What problem is HTTP solving?

● What is a GET request and what are your requesting?
● How does HTTP rely on the other layers of the Internet?
● What problem is HTTP solving?
● What do certificate authorities do and why are they
necessary?
Unit 2 Lesson 5 - Activity

AP CSP
Journal

● What problem is HTTP

solving?
● What is a GET request
and what are your
requesting?
● How does HTTP rely on
the other layers of the
Internet?
● Why are SSL, TLS, and
HTTPS necessary?
● What do certificate
authorities do and why
are they necessary?
Prompt: Review these questions with a partner about HTTP

● What problem does it solve?

● How does it work?
● How does it rely on the other layers of the Internet?
Unit 2 Lesson 6 - Wrap Up

Key Takeaways:

Scalability: the capacity for the The Domain Name System (DNS):
system to change in size and scale the system responsible for translating
to meet new demands domain names like example.com into
IP addresses

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

World Wide Web: a system of (HTTP): a protocol for computers
linked pages, programs, and files to request and share the pages
that make up the world wide web
on the Internet

● The World Wide Web is different from the Internet. The World Wide Web are files, web pages and media. The
Internet is the network we use to access those files.

● The DNS is an important system in helping the Internet scale.

 Unit 2 - Lesson 7
Project - Internet Dilemmas Part 1
Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Warm Up

Review
What is the Questions about
Internet? how it works
Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Activity

Chi
Tech ef
nol
Advi ogy
sor
Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Activity

Project Guide:
Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Activity

Options:

Net Neutrality Internet Censorship The Digital Divide

Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Activity

Step 1: Choose!

Net Neutrality Internet Censorship The Digital Divide

Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Activity

Step 2: Review the

One-Pager and Rubric
Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Activity

Step 3: Review the Concept Bank

Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Activity

Step 4: Review Your Sources

Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Wrap Up

Digital Divide - differing access to computing

devices and the Internet, based on
socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic
characteristics.
● Can affect both individual and groups.
● Raises ethical concerns of equity, access,
and influence globally and locally.
● Affected by the actions of individuals,
organizations, and governments.
 Unit 2 - Lesson 8
Project - Internet Dilemmas Part 2
Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Activity

Internet Dilemma Policy One Pager

Don't forget to check

the rubric as you
work!
Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Activity

Share Out

Net Neutrality
Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Activity

Share Out
Internet Censorship
Unit 2 Lesson 7 - Activity

Share Out

The Digital Divide

Unit 2 Lesson 8 - Wrap Up

Submit

● Your Project Guide

Unit 2 - Lesson 9
Assessment Day
Unit 2 Lesson 9 - Activity

Unit Assessment