Concepts or Beliefs or Taoism

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Concepts/Beliefs

Taoism can be best understood by discussing its concepts and beliefs. Some of its concepts include the
Tao/Dao or the “way ofnature”; the Te/De or “virtue/ proper” adherence to Tao; Wu Wei or “action
through inaction” which givesimportance to humility and noncompetition, naturalness and naturalism,
and non-aggression; yinyang or the balance of nature or universe; and the Chi/Qi or the natural energy
or life force that sustains living beings.

The Tao/Dao

According to Laozi, the Tao, which is the essential concept and creative principle in Taoism, existed
before the world. It is undetectable, indistinct, shapeless, and indefinable, it is the foundation of all
being, and the way in which nature and the universe exist. All things come from it, and are nourished by
it, that is why sometimes the Tao is called “Mother.” Tao is the origin of heaven and earth andit is also
the way in which heaven and earth now live.

The Te/De

The Te, which means virtue or the proper adherence to Tao, is another basic concept in Taoism. It
encourages inaction in nature and advocates the quiet and passive nature of a person so that the Tao, or
the creative principle in the universe, may act through them without interference. People should simply
follow the Tao and must do nothing on their own.

Wu-Wei

Wu-wei means “no behavior” or “doing nothing.” It also means “to do without doing” (wei-wu wei) or
“actionless activity.” It is a concept used to negate or limit human action. It refers to the cancellation or
restriction of human behavior, especially human activities. Wu-wei may refer to certain stages such as
nonbehavior or doing nothing; taking as little action as possible; taking action spontaneously; taking a
passive attitude toward society; waiting for the spontaneous transformation of things; and taking action
according to objective conditions and the nature of things, or acting naturally. It advocates a “go with
the flow” attitude by cultivating a state of being wherein ouractions are in harmony with the natural
cycles of the universe. Laozi believed that wu-wei can lead to a peaceful and harmonious society. The
opposite of wu-wei, which is yu-wei, means taking action, which Laozi believes causes vicious actions,
theft, and crime. Wu-wei, on the other hand, brings prosperity, harmony, and peace.

Yin Yang

The concept of yin yang was articulated by the Taoist philosopher Zhuangzi who stated that “yin in its
highest form is freezing while yang in its highest form is boiling. The chilliness comes from heaven while
the warmness comes from the earth. The interaction of these two establishes he (harmony), so it gives
birth to things. Perhaps this is ‘the law of everything’ yet there is no form being seen.” Yin yang
emphasizes complementarity, interconnectedness, and interdependence of both sides seeking a new
balance with each other.

Qi/Chi

The qi refers to the natural energy or life force that sustains living beings. Qi literally means “air’ or
“vapor.” It is thefundamental substance of nature and living beings, as well as life force. It refers to
matter, which is continuous, energetic, and dynamic. It is sometimes translated as “material force” or
“vital force.” It is considered as the foundation of body and life

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