BHARATH INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

173, Agaram Road, Selaiyur, Chennai – 600 073. Tamil Nadu, India.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

PT18PCMTL5
APPLIED HYDRAULICS & PNEUMATICS
LAB

Record Note Book

NAME ________________________________________
REG.NO ________________________________________
YEAR ________________________________________
 DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Register No. …………………………..

This is to Certify that this is a Bonafide Record of work done by

………………………………………………. of B.Tech – Mechatronics

Engineering degree course in (PT18PCMTL5) Applied Hydraulics &

pneumatics Lab in V Sem during the academic year 2020 - 2021

Submitted for University Practical Examination held on________________

Lab Incharge Head of the Department

Internal Examiner External Examiner
 INDEX

EXPT. DATE EXPERIMENT MARKS SIGNATURE

NO

1 FLUID POWER STANDARDS AND

SYMBOLS

2 STUDY OF HYDRALIC SYSTEM

COMPONENTS

3 STUDY OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

COMPONENTS

4 DESIGN OF SIMPLE PNEUMATIC

CIRCUIT

DESIGN OF SIMPLE HYDRALIC

5
CIRCUIT

6.A DESIGN OF METER IN CIRCUIT

6.B DESIGN OF METER OUT CIRCUIT

7 DESIGN OF CONTINIOUS CYCLE

CIRCUIT

8.A DESIGN OF OR LOGIC FUNCTION

8.B DESIGN OF AND LOGIC

FUNCTION

9 DESIGN OF SEQUENTIAL
CIRCUIT

10 DESIGN OF ELECTRO
PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT
Ex. No: 1 FLUID POWER STANDARDS

Date:
There are various organisations devoted to standardise in the field of fluid power.
The standards organisations in this field are
• BS (British Standards).
• ISO (International Standards Organization)
• CETOP (Comite Des Transmissions Oleobydrauliques et Pneumatiques or
European Hydraulic and Pneumatics Committee).

DRAWING CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

The main standards for circuit drawings are as follows.

Symbols must be created to standards BS2917/ISO 1219-1. You should use these
throughout
your studies.
The layout of the drawing should conform to ISO 1219 – 2
The standards for connections to the hardware are covered by ISO 946 l
Each component on the circuit diagram should be numbered and annotated with
essential
data such as pressure settings and capacity.

NUMBERING SYSTEM

The identification of ports in hydraulic and pneumatic valves are generally as follows.

P-PUMPS 1-POWER INLET 12-PILOT

A-ACTUATOR 2-TO ACTUATOR 14-PILOT
M-PRIME MOVER 3-EXHAUST
S-SOLENOID 4-TO ACTUATOR
V-VALVE 5-EXHAUST

Z or any other apporpiate letter is used for any other component

REPRESENTATION OF PIPES

Pipes are identified on drawings with the following letters.

P- Pressure lines
T- Tank or return lines
L-Leakage or drainage lines

REPRESENTATION OF CYLINDERS

A, B, C are used to represent cylinders REPRESENTATION OF LIMIT SWITCHES

ao, ai, bo, b, and so on are used to represent roller operated direction control valve
working as limit switch for the cylinders.
Ex. No: 2 STUDY OF HYDRALIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Date:
AIM:

To study the components of a typical hydraulic system and understand various

hydraulic components.

COMPONENTS:
1. Tank
2. Pump
3. Electric motor
4. Control valves
5. Actuators
6. Piping and Hoses

DESCRIPTION
1. TANK

The tank or reservoir is used to store the hydraulic fluid. The components like oil
filter, oil level indicator, filler breather, return line filter and strainer are also mounted
in the tank .The size of reservoir to be selected by the rule of thumb: approximately
three times of actual flow rate required for the system in liters per minute. Large
tanks are provided with baffle plates to have slow movement of oil from return line to
the suction.

2. PUMP

The pump, the heart of any hydraulic system, converts mechanical energy into
hydraulic energy. The mechanical energy is delivered to the pump via a prime mover
such as electric motor. Due to mechanical action, the pump creates a partial vacuum
at its inlet .This permits atmospheric pressure to force the fluid through the inlet line
and into the pump. The pump then pushes the fluid into the hydraulic system. Types
of pumps used in hydraulic system are gear pump, vane pump and piston pump.

3. ELECTRIC MÓTOR

An electric motor is used as a prime mover to the hydraulic system. Pump is coupled
to the electric motor using any of the coupling techniques. Commonly used are bell
housing ,Oldham's coupling etc.

4. CONTROL VALVES

Mainly used control valve is the pressure relief valve, fitted immediately after the
pump. This prevents the pump from any damage due to overloading. Apart from
relief valve, other types of pressure control valves also may be used. Direction
control valves and flow control valves also present in all hydraulic circuits to
changethe direction of the motion of actuators and the speed of actuators
respectively.
5. ACTUATORS

Hydraulic actuators convert the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Based on
the motion produced, the actuators are classified into following types: 1. Linear actuators
(Hydraulie cylinders) which produce straight line motion 2. Rotary actuators (Hydraulic
motors) which produce rotary motion and 3. Oscillators which produce partial rotary motion.

6, PIPING & HOSES

Piping which carries the liquid from one location to another. If the pipe line of the
hydraulic system having more bends which leads to more frictional losses in the hydraulic
system.

HYDRAULIC POWER PACK

The hydraulic tank fitted with pump, motor, relief valve and accessories is generally called as
power pack. The accessories generally incorporated in a power pack are:
> Oil level indicator
> Couplings
Pressure gauge and gauge isolator
Manifold block
> Filler breather
> Return line filter
> Suction line with required filter strainer

Drawing Practice:
Draw free hand sketch of one or two hydraulic components after seeing its cut section
model.

RESULT:
The components of hydraulic system are studied and understood.
Ex. No: 3 STUDY OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Date:

AIM:

To study the various pneumatic components used in pneumatic systems and to

understand the working of them.

COMPONENTS:

1.Air Tank
2.Air compressor
3.Electric motor
4.Air conditioners and Control valves
5.Actuator
6.Air hoses

DESCRIPTION:

1.AIRTANK

An air tank is used to store a given volume of compressed air. An air tank consists of
air filter, air pressure indicator, water drainage tap. In small compressor units generally
compressor is fit on the air tank.

2.AIRCOMPRESSOR

An air compressor is a machine that compresses air from a low inlet pressure (usually
atmospheric) to a higher desired pressure level. This is accomplished by reducing the
volumeof the gas. Air compressors are generally positive displacement units and are either
of thereciprocating piston type or the rotary screw or rotary vane types.

3.ELECTRICMOTOR

An electric motor is used to drive the compressor. Then the compressor compresses
air from a low inlet pressure to a higher desircd pressure level. This compressed air pressure
used to do the useful work.

4.AIRCONDITIONINGUNITANDCONTROLVALVES

contaminants from the compressed air and the regulator is used to regulate the pressure to
required level from the higher level. The lubricator adds the lubricating oil to the air so that
the air gains some lubricating properties to minimize friction during movement of
components. Control components such as directional control valves, flow control valves are
also used in the pneumatic circuits.
5. ACTUATORS

Compressor performs the function of adding pressure energy to the atmospheric air
in the pneumatic system. Pneumatic actuators and motors do just the opposite. They
extract energy from compressed air and convert into mechanical energy to perform
useful work .There are three types of actuators: 1. Linear actuators (Pneumatic
cylinders) 2.Rotaryactuators (Air motors) and 3. Oscillators (Partial rotary
movement).

6. AIR HOSES

Air hoses are used to carry the pressurised air from one location to other location.
Steel, copper pipes and PU tubing are normally used air hoses.

Drawing practice:

Draw free hand sketch of one or two Pneumatic components after seeing its cut
section model.

RESULT:
The components of Pneumatic system are studied and understood.
Simple pneumatic circuit
Ex. No: 4 DESIGN OF SIMPLE PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT
Date:

AIM

To design a simple pneumatic circuit which can clamp and de-clamp the work part in
drilling machine when actuated manually.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Double acting cylinder 1

2. Air supply & FRL unit 1
3. Manually operated 5/2 valve 1
4. Fittings and Hoses Required quantity

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Compressed air supply is given through the FRL unit to the manually operated
directional control valve. The output ports of the DC valve are connected to the
cylinder ports. In normal condition the cylinder is in the retracted condition (de-
clamping).

WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

When the manually operated val ve is pressed, thc left side configuration of the valve
is come into operation and the pressurized air enters into the cover end of the
cylinder causing the cylinder to move forward. This clamps the work part and after
completing the drilling operation, the operator actuates the valve to the other side.
This now gives air to the piston end of the cylinder retracts for de-clamping the work
part.

RESULT

A circuit for the given problem is designed, constructed using the available
components andtested successfully.
Ex. No:5 DESIGN OF SIMPLE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
Date:
AIM

To design a hydraulic circuit to create forward and return motion of a cylinder.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Double acting cylinder 1

2. 4/2 direction control valve 1
3. Flow control valve 1
4. Hydraulic power pack 1
5. Relief valve & Pressure gauge 1 each

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

The hydraulic circuit is designed with the components available in the hydraulic
trainer kit. The double acting cylinder is connected to the direction control valve
through hoses. The piston end of the cylinder is connected through the flow control
valve to DC valve. The pump is connected to the DC valve through a termination
block. Required pressure relief valve and pressure gauge are properly connected in
the circuit.

WORKING OF THE CYLINDER

Pressurized oil from the pump is given to the DC valve through the relief valve. If the
manually operated valve is pressed, the oil flows to one side of the cylinder
depending on the connection and the cylinder makes its movement. During return
stroke the oil is allowed to come out through the flow control valve and this controls
the speed (like meter out valve) of the cylinder in the return stroke.

RESULT

The given circuit is designed, constructed with the available components and
checked for working.
Ex. No:6.A DESIGN OF METR IN CIRCUIT
Date:

AIM

To design a circuit this can give a controlled speed movement when the cylinder moves
forward.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Single acting cylinder 1

2. FRL unit 1
3.3/2 direction control valve 1
4. Meter in valve 1
5. Fittings and Hoses 1
Required quantity Required quantity

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Compressed air supply is given through the FRL unit to the manually operated directional
control valve. One output port of the DC valve is connected to the cylinder port and the other
output port is blocked. The power goes to the cylinder through the meter in valve which
controls the quality of air entering into the cylinder.

WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

When the manually operated valve is actuated, the left side of the valve configuration comes
into operation and the air enters into the cylinder through the meter in valve. The flow
through that valve can be adjusted to get the required speed of the cylinder which in turn
controls the feed rate of the drill bit. After drilling is over the manually operated valve is
actuated and the air in the cylinder is connected to the exhaust and the cylinder returns back
by the string force.

RESULT

A circuit for the given problem is designed, constructed using the available components and
tested successfully.
Ex. No:6.B DESIGN OF METR OUT CIRCUIT
Date:

AIM
To design a double acting cylinder circuit with positive speed control.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Double acting cylinder 1

2. FRL unit 1
3.5/2 direction control valve 1
4. Meter out valve 2
5. Fittings and Hoses Recuired quantity

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

To get the positive speed control, it is better to control the outgoing air to create a positive
back pressure inside the cylinder always. The air from the directional control valve is given
to the cylinder through meter out valves for this purpose. The direction control valve is
getting air from the FRL unit.

WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

When the manually operated valve is actuated to its left condition, the air coming out of the
valve enters to the cover side of the cylinder and the piston starts moving forward. At the
same time the air present in the rod side of the cylinder goes out through the controlled
passage of the meter out valve. This controlled exhaust creates a positive pressure in the
rod side of the cylinder and the cylinder moves slowly forward. The exhaust passage can be
adjusted and the speed can thus be varied positively. For return stroke also it works in the
same principle.

RESULT

The given circuit is designed, constructed with the available components and checked for
working.
Ex. No:7 DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS CYCLE CIRCUIT
Date:
AIM
To design a continuously operating circuit as per the given requirement.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Double acting cylinder 1

2. Pilot operated 4/2 valve 1
3. Air supply & FRL unit 1
4. Manually operated 3/2 valve 1
5. Lever operated 3/2 valve 4
6. Fittings and Hoses Required quantity

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

The double acting cylinder gets power supply for its forward and return motion from the pilot
operated 4/2 directional control valve. The lever operated valves are used as limit switches
for the sensing of the end of the either stroke. These valves are named as a0 and al.The
output from the limit switches are connected as the pilots for operating the DC valve. The
input power for the DC valve and limit switches are given from the FRL unit through the
manually operated 3/2 valve. The actuation of limit switches cause the cylinder motion as
follows
a0 Cylinder forward motion
a1 Cylinder return motion

WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

Initially let us assume the cylinder is in the return condition (a0 actuated) and the manually
operated valve in closed condition. If the manually operated valve is actuated to open
condition, air is allowed to pass to DC valve and limit switches. This leads to the air output in
a0 and this causes the cylinder forward position. As the cylinder starts its forward movement,
a0 is released and at the end of the stroke al pressed. This leads to the reversal of the DC
valve and the cylinder starts its return motion. At the end of return stroke a0 got pressed and
this actuates the DC valve and the cylinder moves forward. This cycle continues until the
manually operated valve is moved to closed position.

RESULT

A circuit for the given problem is designed, constructed using the available components and
tested successfully.
Ex. No:8.A DESIGN AND TESTING OF THE CIRCUIT WITH LOGIC
SEQUENCE USING PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS

Date: A) OR LOGIC FUNCTIONS

AIM

To construct a pneumatic circuit to control the single Acting cylinder control by two-
way pressure vale.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1.Single Acting Cylinder 1
2.FRL unit 1
3.3/2 Push Button Valve 2
4.OR Element 1
5.Fittings and Hoses Required

PROCEDURE:

1. Draw the circuit diagram.

2. Connect the compressor air supply to FRL unit.
3. Any two of the output of FRL unit to first 3/2 push button valve inlet and second 3/2
push button valve inlet.
4. Both 3/2 push button valve output to give shut the valve inlet ports.
5. Check all the circuits
6. Open the hand slide valve .the air passes in both 3/2 push button valve inlets.
7. Press any one push button valve .The cylinder will be activated.

RESULT
The pneumatic circuits of two pressure vale was simulated.
Ex. No:8.A DESIGN AND TESTING OF THE CIRCUIT WITH LOGIC
SEQUENCE USING PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS

Date: B) AND LOGIC FUNCTIONS

AIM:
To construct a pncumatic circuit to control the single Acting cylinder control by two-
way pressure vale.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1.Single Acting Cylinder 1

2.FRL unit 1
3.3/2 Push Button Valve 2
4.AND Element 1
5.Fittings and Hoses Required

PROCEDURE:
1. Draw the circuit diagram
2. Connect the compressor air supply to FRL unit
3. Any two of the output of FRIL unit dirctly connected to 3/2 push button valve inlet
first and second
4. Both 3/2 push button valve output to give AND Gate input
5. Check the entire unit
6. Open the hand slide valve. The air passes in both 3/2 push button valve input port
7. When both push buttons is press the cylinder should be activated.

RESULT
The pneumatic circuits of two pressure vale was simulated.
Ex. No:9
DESIGN OF SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT(PNEUMATICS)
Date:
AIM
To design a pneumatic circuit for the given sequence.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1. Double acting cylinder 2
2. Pilot operated 4/2 valve 2
3. Air supply & FRL unit 1
4. Manually operated 3/2 valve 1
5. Lever operated 3/2 valve 4
6. Fittings and Hoses Required quantity

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Two cylinders are named as A & B. The corresponding limit switches are a0 & al, and b0 &
bl for home and extended positions respectively. The directional control valves for each
cylinder are named as X & Y respectively and the cylinders are connected to them. The DC
valves and individual limit switches are given with power from the FRL unit thro
manually operated valve. The output from the limit switches are given as pilot to the DC
valves, to make the respective cylinder to move. Manually operated 3/2 valve works as a
start switch. The output from each limit switch will create movement of cylinders as follows
a1 B--
b0 A-
a0 B+
b1 A+
WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT
Compressed air through FRL unit enters to the direction control valves and limit switches. At
the home condition the cylinder A is at the retracted condition and the cylinder B is in the
extended condition. So limit switches a0 & bl are in actuated condition and power comes to
corresponding DC valves. The manually operated valve is in closed condition initially. If the
manually operated valve is actuated to open Condition, air is supplied to direction control
valves and limit switches. Since the limit switch bl is in pressed condition the air goes to
actuate the direction control valve X and the cylinder moves forward. This causes the
release of a0 and pressing of al at the end of the stroke. The output from al goes to Y as
pilot and shift it position. This gives power to the return stroke of cylinder B. At the end of
return stroke, b0 is pressed and the DC value X reversed. This makes the cylinder A to
return and at the end a0 is pressed. Due to this pilot Y is reversed and B moves forward and
at the end bl is pressed. Thus the cylinders A & B operate continuously until the manually
operated valve is put in close condition.

RESULT
The given circuit is designed, constructed with the available components and checked for
working.
Ex. No:10 DESIGN OF ELECTRO PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT
Date:
AIM
To design the above given circuit.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1. Double acting cylinder 1
2, 4/2 double solenoid DC valve 1
3. FRL unit 1
4. Fittings and Hoses Required quantity
5. Required electrical components
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Air from FRL unit is given to the DC valve. Two pressure ports of the valve are connected to
the two ports of the cylinder. Individual solenoid is energized by pressing separate push
buttons, as shown in the electrical circuit. In the normal condition the cylinder is in the
retracted position. Circuit is operated by 24 V D.C power supply.

WORKING OF THE CYLINDER

When the push buttonlis pressed, the solenoid A gets energized and the DC valve is moved
to its actuated condition. The air from the valve goes to the cover end and the cylinder
movesforward. Even after the push button is released and solenoid de-energized, since
there is nospring to return, the valve and the cylinder remain at the same position. When the
pushbutton 2 is pressed, the solenoid B is energized and that side of DC valve comes into
effect.This makes the cylinder to return. The next cycle starts when push button 1 is
pressed.

RESULT

The given circuit is designed, constructed with the available components and tested
successfully.