Perkins 1103,1104 Industrial Engine Opp and Main Manual

SEBU7833-07 (en-us)
March 2022
Operation and
Maintenance
Manual
1103, 1104 Industrial Engines
RE (Engine)
RG (Engine)
RJ (Engine)
RR (Engine)
RS (Engine)
RT (Engine)
DC (Engine)
DD (Engine)
DF (Engine)
DG (Engine)
DJ (Engine)
DK (Engine)
Important Safety Information
Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to
observe basic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially
hazardous situations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards. This
person should also have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform these functions correctly.
Incorrect operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and
could result in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you have
read and understood the operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information.
Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard
warnings are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.
The hazards are identified by the “Safety Alert Symbol” and followed by a “Signal Word” such as
“DANGER”, “WARNING” or “CAUTION”. The Safety Alert “WARNING” label is shown below.
The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:

Attention! Become Alert! Your Safety is Involved.
The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or
pictorially presented.
Operations that may cause product damage are identified by “NOTICE” labels on the product and in
this publication.
Perkins cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard. The
warnings in this publication and on the product are, therefore, not all inclusive. You must not use
this product in any manner different from that considered by this manual without first satisfying
yourself that you have considered all safety rules and precautions applicable to the operation of
the product in the location of use, including site-specific rules and precautions applicable to the
worksite. If a tool, procedure, work method or operating technique that is not specifically
recommended by Perkins is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and for others.
You should also ensure that you are authorized to perform this work, and that the product will not
be damaged or become unsafe by the operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair procedures that
you intend to use.
The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that
was available at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures,
measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes can
affect the service that is given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before
you start any job. Perkins dealers or Perkins distributors have the most current information available.
When replacement parts are required for this

product Perkins recommends using Perkins
replacement parts.
Failure to heed this warning can lead to prema-
ture failures, product damage, personal injury or
death.
In the United States, the maintenance, replacement, or repair of the emission control devices and
systems may be performed by any repair establishment or individual of the owner's choosing.
SEBU7833-07 3
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Warranty Section
Warranty Information....................................... 87
Foreword ........................................................... 4
Safety Section Index Section
Index................................................................ 88
Safety Messages............................................... 6
General Hazard Information.............................. 7
Burn Prevention................................................11
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention.......11
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention.. 13
Mounting and Dismounting ............................. 13
Before Starting Engine .................................... 13
Engine Starting................................................ 14
Engine Stopping .............................................. 14
Electrical System............................................. 15
Product Information Section
Model Views .................................................... 16
Product Identification Information ................... 22
Operation Section
Lifting and Storage .......................................... 26
Gauges and Indicators .................................... 28
Engine Starting................................................ 29
Engine Operation ............................................ 32
Engine Stopping .............................................. 33
Cold Weather Operation ................................. 34
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities............................................... 38
Maintenance Interval Schedule....................... 54

4 SEBU7833-07
Foreword
Foreword Some photographs or illustrations in this manual

show details or attachments that may be different
from your engine. Guards and covers may have been
California Proposition 65 Warning removed for illustrative purposes. Continuing
improvement and advancement of product design
Diesel engine exhaust and some of its may have caused changes to your engine which are
not included in this manual. Whenever a question
constituents are known to the State of arises regarding your engine, or this manual, please
California to cause cancer, birth defects, consult with your Perkins dealer or your Perkins
and other reproductive harm. distributor for the latest available information.
WARNING – This product can Safety

expose you to chemicals
including ethylene glycol, which This safety section lists basic safety precautions. In
is known to the State of California to addition, this section identifies hazardous, warning
cause birth defects or other reproductive situations. Read and understand the basic
precautions listed in the safety section before
harm. For more information go to: operating or performing lubrication, maintenance,
and repair on this product.
www.P65Warnings.ca.gov
Do not ingest this chemical. Wash hands Operation
after handling to avoid incidental Operating techniques outlined in this manual are
ingestion. basic. The operating techniques assist with
developing the skills and techniques required to
WARNING – This product can operate the engine more efficiently and economically.
expose you to chemicals Skill and techniques develop as the operator gains
including lead and lead knowledge of the engine and the capabilities of the
compounds, which are known to the engine.
State of California to cause cancer, birth The operation section is a reference for operators.
defects, or other reproductive harm. For Photographs and illustrations guide the operator
more information go to: through procedures of inspecting, starting, operating,
and stopping the engine. This section also includes a
www.P65Warnings.ca.gov discussion of electronic diagnostic information.
Wash hands after handling components Maintenance

that may contain lead.
The maintenance section is a guide to engine care.
Literature Information The illustrated, step-by-step instructions are grouped
by service hours and/or calendar time maintenance
This manual contains safety, operation instructions, intervals. Items in the maintenance schedule are
referenced to detailed instructions that follow.
lubrication, and maintenance information. This
manual should be stored in or near the engine area in Recommended service should be performed at the
a literature holder or literature storage area. Read, appropriate intervals as indicated in the Maintenance
study, and keep the manual with the literature and Interval Schedule. The actual operating environment
engine information. of the engine also governs the Maintenance Interval
Schedule. Therefore, under severe, dusty, wet, or
English is the primary language for all Perkins freezing cold operating conditions, more frequent
publications. The English used facilitates translation lubrication, and maintenance than is specified in the
and consistency. Maintenance Interval Schedule may be necessary.
SEBU7833-07 5
Foreword
The maintenance schedule items are organized for a

preventive maintenance management program. If the
preventive maintenance program is followed, a
periodic tune-up is not required. The implementation
of a preventive maintenance management program
should minimize operating costs through cost
avoidances resulting from reductions in unscheduled
downtime and failures.
Maintenance Intervals
Perform maintenance on items at multiples of the
original requirement. Each level and/or individual
items in each level should be shifted ahead or back
depending upon your specific maintenance practices,
operation, and application. Perkins recommends that
the maintenance schedules be reproduced and
displayed near the engine as a convenient reminder.
Perkins also recommends that a maintenance record
be maintained as part of the permanent record of the
engine.
Your authorized Perkins dealer or your Perkins
distributor can assist you in adjusting your
maintenance schedule to meet the needs of your
operating environment.
Overhaul
Major engine overhaul details are not covered in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual except for the
interval and the maintenance items in that interval.
Major repairs are best left to trained personnel or an
authorized Perkins distributor or dealer. Your Perkins
dealer or your Perkins distributor offers various
options regarding overhaul programs. If you
experience a major engine failure, there are also
numerous after failure overhaul options available.
Consult with your Perkins dealer or your Perkins
distributor for information regarding these options.
6 SEBU7833-07
Safety Section
Safety Messages
Safety Section
i05898546
Safety Messages
There may be several specific warning signs on an

engine. The exact location of the hazards and the
description of the hazards are reviewed in this
section. Become familiar with all warning signs.
Ensure that all of the warning signs are legible. Clean
the warning signs or replace the warning signs if the
words cannot be read or if the pictures are not visible. Illustration 1 g01154807
When the warning signs are cleaned, use a cloth,
Typical example
water, and soap. Do not use solvent, gasoline, or
other harsh chemicals to clean the warning signs.
Solvents, gasoline, or harsh chemicals could loosen The Universal Warning label (1) will be located on the
the adhesive that secures the warning signs. The valve mechanism cover. Refer to illustration 2 .
warning signs that are loosened could drop off the
engine. Note: The location of this label will depend on the
application of the engine.
Replace any damaged warning signs or missing
warning signs. If a warning sign is attached to a part
of the engine that is replaced, install a new warning
sign on the replacement part. Perkins dealers or
Perkins distributors can provide new warning signs.
Do not work on the engine and do not operate the
engine unless the instructions and warnings in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual are understood.
Correct care is your responsibility. Failure to follow
the instructions or failure to heed the warnings could
result in injury or in death.
(1) Universal Warning
Do not operate or work on this equipment unless

you have read and understand the instructions
and warnings in the Operation and Maintenance
Manuals. Failure to follow the instructions or
heed the warnings could result in serious injury
or death.
Illustration 2 g03715977
Typical example of a four cylinder engine
(2) Ether
Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as

ether. Such use could result in an explosion and
personal injury.
SEBU7833-07 7
Safety Section
General Hazard Information
The ether warning label (2) is located on the cover of

the inlet manifold. Refer to illustration 2 .
3 Cylinder Engine.
(1) Universal Warning Label
(2) Ether Warning Label
The universal warning label (1) is located at the rear

of the valve mechanism cover on the three cylinder
engine. The ether warning label (2) is located at the
front of the valve mechanism cover on the three
cylinder engine.
i08312758
Typical example of a four cylinder engine
Attach a “Do Not Operate” warning tag or a similar

warning tag to the start switch or to the controls
before you service the equipment or before you
repair the equipment.
8 SEBU7833-07
Safety Section
Start the engine from the operators station (cab).

Never short across the starting motor terminals or the
batteries. This action could bypass the engine neutral
start system and/or the electrical system could be
damaged.
Engine exhaust contains products of combustion
which may be harmful to your health. Always start the
engine and operate the engine in a ventilated area. If
the engine is in an enclosed area, vent the engine
exhaust to the outside.
Use caution when cover plates are removed.
Gradually loosen, but do not remove the last two
bolts or nuts that are located at opposite ends of the
cover plate or the device. Before removing the last
Illustration 7 g00702020 two bolts or nuts, pry the cover loose to relieve any
spring pressure or other pressure.
Wear a hard hat, protective glasses, and other
protective equipment, as required. Pressure Air and Water
Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry that can snag Pressurized air and/or water can cause debris and/or
on controls or on other parts of the engine. hot water to be blown out. This action could result in
personal injury.
Make sure that all protective guards and all covers
are secured in place on the engine. The direct application of pressurized air or
pressurized water to the body could result in personal
Keep the engine free from foreign material. Remove injury.
debris, oil, tools, and other items from the deck, from
walkways, and from steps. When pressurized air and/or water is used for
cleaning, wear protective clothing, protective shoes,
Never put maintenance fluids into glass containers. and eye protection. Eye protection includes goggles
Drain all liquids into a suitable container. or a protective face shield.
Obey all local regulations for the disposal of liquids. The maximum air pressure for cleaning purposes
must be below 205 kPa (30 psi). The maximum
Use all cleaning solutions with care. water pressure for cleaning purposes must be below
Report all necessary repairs. 275 kPa (40 psi).
Do not allow unauthorized personnel on the Fluid Penetration

equipment.
Pressure can be trapped in the hydraulic circuit long
Disconnect the batteries when maintenance is after the engine has been stopped. The pressure can
performed or when the electrical system is serviced. cause hydraulic fluid or items such as pipe plugs to
Disconnect the battery ground leads. Tape the leads escape rapidly if the pressure is not relieved
to help prevent sparks. If equipped, allow the diesel correctly.
exhaust fluid to be purged before disconnecting the
battery. Do not remove any hydraulic components or parts
until pressure has been relieved or personal injury
Perform maintenance on the engine with the may occur. Do not disassemble any hydraulic
equipment in the servicing position. Refer to the OEM components or parts until pressure has been relieved
information for the procedure for placing the or personal injury may occur. Refer to the OEM
equipment in the servicing position. information for any procedures that are required to
relieve the hydraulic pressure.
Do not attempt any repairs that are not understood.
Use the proper tools. Replace any equipment that is
damaged or repair the equipment.
For initial start-up of a new engine or for starting an
engine that has been serviced, make provisions to
stop the engine if an overspeed occurs. The stopping
of the engine may be accomplished by shutting off
the fuel supply and/or the air supply to the engine.
Ensure that only the fuel supply line is shut off.
Ensure that the fuel return line is open.
SEBU7833-07 9
Safety Section
Obey all local regulations for the disposal of liquids.
Static Electricity Hazard when

Fueling with Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel
Fuel
The removal of sulfur and other compounds in ultra-
low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD fuel) decreases the
conductivity of ULSD and increases the ability of
ULSD to store static charge. Refineries may have
treated the fuel with a static dissipating additive.
Many factors can reduce the effectiveness of the
additive over time. Static charges can build up in
ULSD fuel while the fuel is flowing through fuel
delivery systems. Static electricity discharge when
combustible vapors are present could result in a fire
Always use a board or cardboard when you check for or explosion. Ensure that the entire system used to
a leak. Leaking fluid that is under pressure can refuel your machine (fuel supply tank, transfer pump,
penetrate body tissue. Fluid penetration can cause transfer hose, nozzle, and others) is properly
serious injury and possible death. A pin hole leak can grounded and bonded. Consult with your fuel or fuel
cause severe injury. If fluid is injected into your skin, system supplier to ensure that the delivery system
you must get treatment immediately. Seek treatment complies with fueling standards for proper grounding
from a doctor that is familiar with this type of injury. and bonding.
Containing Fluid Spillage

Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are Avoid static electricity risk when fueling. Ultra-
contained during performance of inspection, low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD fuel) poses a greater
maintenance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the static ignition hazard than earlier diesel formula-
engine. Make provision to collect the fluid with a tions with a higher sulfur contents. Avoid death
suitable container before any compartment is opened or serious injury from fire or explosion. Consult
or before any component is disassembled. with your fuel or fuel system supplier to ensure
the delivery system is in compliance with fueling
• Only use the tools that are suitable for collecting standards for proper grounding and bonding
fluids and equipment that is suitable for collecting practices.
fluids.
• Only use the tools that are suitable for containing Inhalation
fluids and equipment that is suitable for containing
fluids.
Exhaust
Use caution. Exhaust fumes can be hazardous to
health. If you operate the equipment in an enclosed
area, adequate ventilation is necessary.
10 SEBU7833-07
Safety Section
Hexavalent Chromium Use caution. Avoid inhaling dust that might be

generated when you handle components that contain
Perkins equipment and replacement parts comply asbestos fibers. Inhaling this dust can be hazardous
with applicable regulations and requirements where to your health. The components that may contain
originally sold. Perkins recommends the use of only asbestos fibers are brake pads, brake bands, lining
genuine Perkins replacement parts. material, clutch plates, and some gaskets. The
asbestos that is used in these components is usually
Hexavalent chromium has occasionally been bound in a resin or sealed in some way. Normal
detected on exhaust and heat shield systems on handling is not hazardous unless airborne dust that
Perkins engines. Although laboratory testing is the contains asbestos is generated.
only accurate way to know if hexavalent chromium is,
in fact, present, the presence of a yellow deposit in If dust that may contain asbestos is present, there
areas of high heat (for example, exhaust system are several guidelines that should be followed:
components or exhaust insulation) may be an
indication of the presence of hexavalent chromium. • Never use compressed air for cleaning.
Use caution if you suspect the presence of • Avoid brushing materials that contain asbestos.
hexavalent chromium. Avoid skin contact when
handling items that you suspect may contain • Avoid grinding materials that contain asbestos.
hexavalent chromium, and avoid inhalation of any
dust in the suspect area. Inhalation of, or skin contact • Use a wet method to clean up asbestos materials.
with, hexavalent chromium dust may be hazardous to
your health. • A vacuum cleaner that is equipped with a high
efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) can also be
If such yellow deposits are found on the engine, used.
engine component parts, or associated equipment or
packages, Perkins recommends following local • Use exhaust ventilation on permanent machining
health and safety regulations and guidelines, utilizing jobs.
good hygiene, and adhering to safe work practices
when handling the equipment or parts. Perkins also • Wear an approved respirator if there is no other
recommends the following: way to control the dust.
• Wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment • Comply with applicable rules and regulations for
(PPE) the work place. In the United States, use
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• Wash your hands and face with soap and water (OSHA) requirements. These OSHA requirements
prior to eating, drinking, or smoking, and also can be found in “29 CFR 1910.1001”.
during rest room breaks, to prevent ingestion of
any yellow powder • Obey environmental regulations for the disposal of
asbestos.
• Never use compressed air for cleaning areas
suspected of containing hexavalent chromium • Stay away from areas that might have asbestos
particles in the air.
• Avoid brushing, grinding, or cutting materials
suspected of containing hexavalent chromium
• Obey environmental regulations for the disposal of
all materials that may contain or have come into
contact with hexavalent chromium
• Stay away from areas that might have hexavalent
chromium particles in the air.
Asbestos Information
Perkins equipment and replacement parts that are
shipped from Perkins engine company limited are
asbestos free. Perkins recommends the use of only
genuine Perkins replacement parts. Use the following
guidelines when you handle any replacement parts
that contain asbestos or when you handle asbestos
debris.
SEBU7833-07 11
Safety Section
Burn Prevention
Dispose of Waste Properly Cooling system conditioner contains alkali. Alkali can
cause personal injury. Do not allow alkali to contact
the skin, the eyes, or the mouth.
Oils
Skin may be irritated following repeated or prolonged
exposure to mineral and synthetic base oils. Refer to
your suppliers Material Safety Data Sheets for
detailed information. Hot oil and lubricating
components can cause personal injury. Do not allow
hot oil to contact the skin. Appropriate personal
protective equipment should be used.
Diesel Fuel
Diesel may be irritating to the eyes, respiratory
system, and skin. Prolonged exposure to diesel may
cause various skin conditions. Appropriate personal
Improperly disposing of waste can threaten the protective equipment should be used. Refer to
environment. Potentially harmful fluids should be supplier Material safety Data sheets for detailed
disposed of in accordance with local regulations. information.
Always use leakproof containers when you drain Batteries

fluids. Do not pour waste onto the ground, down a
drain, or into any source of water. Electrolyte is an acid. Electrolyte can cause personal
injury. Do not allow electrolyte to contact the skin or
i07188265 the eyes. Always wear protective glasses for
servicing batteries. Wash hands after touching the
Burn Prevention batteries and connectors. Use of gloves is
recommended.
i07188311
Do not touch any part of an operating engine.
Operating engines exhaust gases could burn, do not
come in contact with hot gases. Allow the engine to Fire Prevention and Explosion
cool before any maintenance is performed on the Prevention
engine. Relieve all pressure in the air system, in the
hydraulic system, in the lubrication system, in the fuel
system, or in the cooling system before any lines,
fittings, or related items are disconnected.
Coolant
When the engine is at operating temperature, the
engine coolant is hot. The coolant is also under
pressure. The radiator and all lines to the heaters or
to the engine contain hot coolant.
Any contact with hot coolant or with steam can cause
severe burns. Allow cooling system components to
cool before the cooling system is drained.
Check that the coolant level after the engine has
stopped and the engine has been allowed to cool.
Ensure that the filler cap is cool before removing the Illustration 11 g00704000
filler cap. The filler cap must be cool enough to touch
with a bare hand. Remove the filler cap slowly to All fuels, most lubricants, and some coolant mixtures
relieve pressure. are flammable.
12 SEBU7833-07
Safety Section
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention
Flammable fluids that are leaking or spilled onto hot Oil filters and fuel filters must be correctly installed.
surfaces or onto electrical components can cause a The filter housings must be tightened to the correct
fire. Fire may cause personal injury and property torque.
damage.
A flash fire may result if the covers for the engine
crankcase are removed within 15 minutes after an
emergency shutdown.
Determine whether the engine will be operated in an
environment that allows combustible gases to be
drawn into the air inlet system. These gases could
cause the engine to overspeed. Personal injury,
property damage, or engine damage could result.
If the application involves the presence of
combustible gases, consult your Perkins dealer and/
or your Perkins distributor for additional information
about suitable protection devices.
Remove all flammable combustible materials or
conductive materials such as fuel, oil, and debris
from the engine. Do not allow any flammable
combustible materials or conductive materials to
accumulate on the engine.
Store fuels and lubricants in correctly marked
containers away from unauthorized persons. Store Illustration 12 g00704059
oily rags and any flammable materials in protective
containers. Do not smoke in areas that are used for Use caution when you are refueling an engine. Do
storing flammable materials. not smoke while you are refueling an engine. Do not
refuel an engine near open flames or sparks. Always
Do not expose the engine to any flame. stop the engine before refueling.
Exhaust shields (if equipped) protect hot exhaust
components from oil or fuel spray in case of a line, a
tube, or a seal failure. Exhaust shields must be
installed correctly.
Do not weld on lines or tanks that contain flammable
fluids. Do not flame-cut lines or tanks that contain
flammable fluid. Clean any such lines or tanks
thoroughly with a nonflammable solvent prior to
welding or flame cutting.
Wiring must be kept in good condition. Ensure that all
electrical wires are correctly installed and securely
attached. Check all electrical wires daily. Repair any
wires that are loose or frayed before you operate the
engine. Clean all electrical connections and tighten
all electrical connections.
Eliminate all wiring that is unattached or
unnecessary. Do not use any wires or cables that are
smaller than the recommended gauge. Do not
bypass any fuses and/or circuit breakers.
Arcing or sparking could cause a fire. Secure Illustration 13 g00704135
connections, recommended wiring, and correctly
maintained battery cables will help to prevent arcing Gases from a battery can explode. Keep any open
or sparking. flames or sparks away from the top of a battery. Do
Inspect all lines and hoses for wear or for not smoke in battery charging areas.
deterioration. The hoses must be correctly routed. Never check the battery charge by placing a metal
The lines and hoses must have adequate support object across the terminal posts. Use a voltmeter or a
and secure clamps. Tighten all connections to the hydrometer.
recommended torque. Leaks can cause fires.
SEBU7833-07 13
Safety Section
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention
Incorrect jumper cable connections can cause an • End fittings are displaced.
explosion that can result in injury. Refer to the
Operation Section of this manual for specific Make sure that all clamps, guards, and heat shields
instructions. are installed correctly. During engine operation,
correct installation will help to prevent vibration,
Do not charge a frozen battery. This action may rubbing against other parts, and excessive heat.
cause an explosion.
i02143194
The batteries must be kept clean. The covers (if
equipped) must be kept on the cells. Use the
recommended cables, connections, and battery box Crushing Prevention and
covers when the engine is operated. Cutting Prevention
Fire Extinguisher
Support the component correctly when work beneath
Make sure that a fire extinguisher is available. Be the component is performed.
familiar with the operation of the fire extinguisher.
Inspect the fire extinguisher and service the fire Unless other maintenance instructions are provided,
extinguisher regularly. Obey the recommendations never attempt adjustments while the engine is
on the instruction plate. running.
Ether Stay clear of all rotating parts and of all moving parts.
Leave the guards in place until maintenance is
Ether is flammable and poisonous. performed. After the maintenance is performed,
reinstall the guards.
Do not smoke while you are replacing an ether
cylinder or while you are using an ether spray. Keep objects away from moving fan blades. The fan
blades will throw objects or cut objects.
Do not store ether cylinders in living areas or in the
engine compartment. Do not store ether cylinders in When objects are struck, wear protective glasses in
direct sunlight or in temperatures above 49° C order to avoid injury to the eyes.
(120° F). Keep ether cylinders away from open
flames or sparks. Chips or other debris may fly off objects when objects
are struck. Before objects are struck, ensure that no
one will be injured by flying debris.
Lines, Tubes, and Hoses
i05875651
Do not bend high-pressure lines. Do not strike high-
pressure lines. Do not install any lines that are bent
or damaged. Do not clip any other items to the high- Mounting and Dismounting
pressure lines.
Repair any lines that are loose or damaged. Leaks Do not climb on the engine. The engine has not been
can cause fires. Consult your Perkins dealer or your designed with mounting or dismounting locations.
Perkins distributor for repair or for replacement parts.
Refer to the OEM for the location of foot and hand
Check lines, tubes, and hoses carefully. Do not use holds for your specific application.
your bare hand to check for leaks. Use a board or
cardboard to check for leaks. Tighten all connections
i05874054
to the recommended torque.
Replace the parts if any of the following conditions Before Starting Engine
are present:
• End fittings are damaged or leaking.
NOTICE
• Outer coverings are chafed or cut. For initial start-up of a new or rebuilt engine, and for
start-up of an engine that has been serviced, make
• Wires are exposed. provision to shut the engine off should an overspeed
occur. This may be accomplished by shutting off the
• Outer coverings are ballooning. air and/or fuel supply to the engine.
• Flexible parts of the hoses are kinked.
• Outer covers have embedded armoring.

14 SEBU7833-07
Safety Section
Engine Starting
Always start the engine according to the procedure

that is described in the Operation and Maintenance
Engine exhaust contains products of combustion Manual, “Engine Starting” topic in the Operation
which may be harmful to your health. Always Section. Knowing the correct procedure will help to
start and operate the engine in a well ventilated prevent major damage to the engine components.
area and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust Knowing the procedure will also help to prevent
to the outside. personal injury.
Inspect the engine for potential hazards. To ensure that the jacket water heater (if equipped)
and/or the lube oil heater (if equipped) is working
Do not start the engine or move any of the controls if correctly, check the water temperature gauge and the
there is a “DO NOT OPERATE” warning tag or similar oil temperature gauge during the heater operation.
warning tag attached to the start switch or to the
controls.
Before starting the engine, ensure that no one is on,
underneath, or close to the engine. Ensure that the Engine exhaust contains products of combustion
area is free of personnel. which may be harmful to your health. Always
start and operate the engine in a well ventilated
If equipped, ensure that the lighting system for the area and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust
engine is suitable for the conditions. Ensure that all to the outside.
lights work properly, if equipped.
All protective guards and all protective covers must Note: The engine is equipped with an automatic
be installed if the engine must be started in order to device for cold starting for normal conditions of
perform service procedures. To help prevent an operation. If the engine will be operated in very cold
accident that is caused by parts in rotation, work conditions, then an extra cold starting aid may be
around the parts carefully. required. Normally, the engine will be equipped with
the correct type of starting aid for your region of
Do not bypass the automatic shutoff circuits. Do not operation.
disable the automatic shutoff circuits. The circuits are
provided in order to help prevent personal injury. The The engines are equipped with a glow plug starting
circuits are also provided in order to help prevent aid in each individual cylinder that heats the intake air
engine damage. to improve starting.
See the Service Manual for repairs and for
adjustments. i01928905
i08238394
Engine Stopping
Engine Starting
Stop the engine according to the procedure in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Engine
Stopping (Operation Section)” in order to avoid
overheating of the engine and accelerated wear of
the engine components.
ether. Such use could result in an explosion and Use the Emergency Stop Button (if equipped) ONLY
personal injury. in an emergency situation. Do not use the
Emergency Stop Button for normal engine stopping.
If a warning tag is attached to the engine start switch After an emergency stop, DO NOT start the engine
or to the controls, DO NOT start the engine or move until the problem that caused the emergency stop
the controls. Consult with the person that attached has been corrected.
the warning tag before the engine is started. Stop the engine if an overspeed condition occurs
All protective guards and all protective covers must during the initial start-up of a new engine or an
be installed if the engine must be started to perform engine that has been overhauled. This may be
service procedures. To help prevent an accident that accomplished by shutting off the fuel supply to the
is caused by parts in rotation, work around the parts engine and/or shutting off the air supply to the
carefully. engine.
Start the engine from the operator's compartment or

from the engine start switch.
SEBU7833-07 15
Safety Section
Electrical System
i02176668
Electrical System
Never disconnect any charging unit circuit or battery

circuit cable from the battery when the charging unit
is operating. A spark can cause the combustible
gases that are produced by some batteries to ignite.
To help prevent sparks from igniting combustible
gases that are produced by some batteries, the
negative “−” jump start cable should be connected
last from the external power source to the negative
“−” terminal of the starting motor. If the starting motor
is not equipped with a negative “−” terminal, connect
the jump start cable to the engine block.
Check the electrical wires daily for wires that are
loose or frayed. Tighten all loose electrical wires
before the engine is started. Repair all frayed
electrical wires before the engine is started. See the
Operation and Maintenance Manual for specific
starting instructions.
Grounding Practices
Correct grounding for the engine electrical system is
necessary for optimum engine performance and
reliability. Incorrect grounding will result in
uncontrolled electrical circuit paths and in unreliable
electrical circuit paths.
Uncontrolled electrical circuit paths can result in
damage to main bearings, to crankshaft bearing
journal surfaces, and to aluminum components.
Engines that are installed without engine-to-frame
ground straps can be damaged by electrical
discharge.
To ensure that the engine and the engine electrical
systems function correctly, an engine-to-frame
ground strap with a direct path to the battery must be
used. This path may be provided by way of a direct
engine ground to the frame.
All grounds should be tight and free of corrosion. The
engine alternator must be grounded to the negative
“-” battery terminal with a wire that is adequate to
handle the full charging current of the alternator.
16 SEBU7833-07
Model Views
Product Information
Section
Model Views
i05874119
Model View Illustrations
The following model views show typical features of

the engine. Due to individual applications, your
engine may appear different from the illustrations.
1104 Engine Model Views
Typical example
(1) Coolant outlet (5) Oil gauge (Dipstick) (9) Coolant intake
(2) Oil filler (6) Primary fuel filter (10) Water pump
(3) Secondary fuel filter (7) Oil filter (11) Belts
(4) Starting motor (8) Oil filler (Lower position if installed)
SEBU7833-07 17
Typical example
(12) Rear lifting eye (15) Turbocharger (18) Coolant drain
(13) Front lifting eye (16) Oil drain plug
(14) Alternator (17) Flywheel
18 SEBU7833-07
1103 Engine Model Views
Typical example
(1) Coolant out let (6) Oil gauge (Dipstick) (11) Coolant intake
(2) Secondary fuel filter (7) Primary fuel filter (12) Water pump
(3) Fuel injector (8) Oil filter (13) Belt
(4) Oil cooler (9) Oil drain plug
(5) Open breather (10) Oil filler
SEBU7833-07 19
Engine Description
Typical example
(14) Alternator (16) Starting motor (18) Flywheel housing
(15) Turbocharger (17) Flywheel (19) Coolant drain plug
i05899588
Engine Description
• Turbocharged aftercooled
• Turbocharged
• Naturally aspirated
Engine Specifications
Note: The front end of the engine is opposite the
flywheel end of the engine. The left and the right Illustration 18 g00984281
sides of the engine are determined from the flywheel
end. The number 1 cylinder is the front cylinder. A typical example of the layout of the valves
(A) Inlet valves
(B) Exhaust valves
20 SEBU7833-07
Engine Description
Table 1
1104 Industrial Engine Specifications (Table 3, contd)
Number of Cylinders 4 In-Line Displacement 4.4 L (268 in 3)
Bore 105 mm (4.134 inch) Firing Order 1342
Stroke 127 mm (5.0 inch) Rotation (flywheel end) Counterclockwise
Aspiration Turbocharged aftercooled Valve Lash Setting (Inlet) 0.20 mm (0.008 inch)
Turbocharged
Naturally aspirated Valve Lash Setting (Exhaust) 0.45 mm (0.018 inch)
Compression Ratio NA 19.25:1 NA

Table 4
T 18.23:1 T, TA
1103 Constance Speed Specifications
Displacement 4.4 L (268 in 3)
Number of Cylinders 3 In-Line
Firing Order 1342
Bore 105 mm (4.134 inch)
Rotation (flywheel end) Counterclockwise
Stroke 127 mm (5.0 inch)
Valve Lash Setting (Inlet) 0.20 mm (0.008 inch)
Aspiration Turbocharged
Valve Lash Setting (Exhaust) 0.45 mm (0.018 inch) Naturally aspirated
Compression Ratio NA 19.25:1

Table 2
T 17.25:1
1103 Industrial Engine Specifications
Displacement 3.3 L (201 in3)
Number of Cylinders 3 In-Line
Firing Order 123
Bore 105 mm (4.134 inch)
Stroke 127 mm (5.0 inch)
Aspiration Turbocharged
Naturally aspirated Valve Lash Setting (Exhaust) 0.45 mm (0.018 inch)
Compression Ratio NA 19.25:1

T 18.25:1 Engine Cooling and Lubrication
Displacement 3.3 L (201 in3)
The cooling system consists of the following
Firing Order 123 components:
• Gear-driven centrifugal water pump
• Water temperature regulator which regulates the
Valve Lash Setting (Exhaust) 0.45 mm (0.018 inch) engine coolant temperature
Table 3
• Gear-driven oil pump (gear type)
1104Constance Speed Specifications • Oil cooler
Number of Cylinders 4 In-Line The engine lubricating oil is supplied by a gear type
pump. The engine lubricating oil is cooled and the
Bore 105 mm (4.134 inch) engine lubricating oil is filtered. Bypass valves
Stroke 127 mm (5.0 inch) provide unrestricted flow of lubrication oil to the
engine parts when oil viscosity is high. Bypass valves
Aspiration Turbocharged aftercooled can also provide unrestricted flow of lubrication oil to
Turbocharged the engine parts if the oil cooler should become
Naturally aspirated plugged or if the oil filter element should become
plugged.
Compression Ratios NA 19.25:1
T 17.25:1, T 18.23:1, TA
18.23:1
(continued)
SEBU7833-07 21
Engine Description
Engine efficiency, efficiency of emission controls, and

engine performance depend on adherence to proper
operation and maintenance recommendations.
Engine performance and efficiency also depend on
the use of recommended fuels, lubrication oils, and
coolants. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule” for more
information on maintenance items.
Engine Service Life

Engine efficiency and maximum utilization of engine
performance depend on the adherence to proper
operation and maintenance recommendations. In
addition, use recommended fuels, coolants, and
lubricants. Use the Operation and Maintenance
Manual as a guide for required engine maintenance.
Expected engine life is generally predicted by the
average power that is demanded. The average
power that is demanded is based on fuel
consumption of the engine over time. Reduced hours
of operation at full throttle and/or operating at
reduced throttle settings result in a lower average
power demand. Reduced hours of operation will
increase the length of operating time before an
engine overhaul is required.
22 SEBU7833-07
Product Identification Information
Product Identification i01940474
Information Serial Number Plate

i02280116
Engine Identification
Perkins engines are identified by a serial number.

This number is shown on a serial number plate that is
mounted on the left hand side of the engine block.
An example of an engine number is
RE12345U090001H.
RE Type of engine
RE12345 Engine List Number
U Built in the United Kingdom
090001 Engine Serial Number
H Year of Manufacture
Perkins dealers need these numbers in order to
determine the components that were included with
the engine. This permits accurate identification of
replacement part numbers. Illustration 19 g00994966
Typical serial number plate
(1) Temporary Parts List number
(2) Type
(3) Serial number
(4) List number
The Serial Number Plate is located on the left side of

the cylinder block behind the high pressure pipes of
the Fuel injection pump.
The following information is stamped on the Serial
Number Plate: Engine serial number, Model and
Arrangement number.
i02164876
Reference Numbers
Information for the following items may be needed to

order parts. Locate the information for your engine.
Record the information in the appropriate space.
Make a copy of this list for a record. Keep the
information for future reference.
Record for Reference

Engine Model
Engine Serial number
Engine Low Idle rpm
Engine Full Load rpm
SEBU7833-07 23
Emissions Certification Film
Primary Fuel Filter

Water Separator Element
Secondary Fuel Filter Element
Lubrication Oil Filter Element
Auxiliary Oil Filter Element
Total Lubrication System Capacity
Total Cooling System Capacity
Air Cleaner Element
Fan Drive Belt
Alternator Belt
i02758852
Label for compliant engines

Typical examples of emissions labels
This typical example of a label is installed on engines that have electronic fuel injection systems and installed on
engines that have electronic fuel injection pumps.
24 SEBU7833-07
This typical example of a label is installed on engines that have mechanical fuel injection pumps.
Label for engines that comply with

MSHA emissions
Typical example
SEBU7833-07 25
The label that is shown in illustration 22 is for engines

that operate in underground coal mines in North
America. The label is installed on engines that
comply with the Mine Safety and Health
Administration (MSHA) emissions. Approved diesel
engines shall be identified by an approved mark that
is legible and permanent. The approved mark is
scribed with the approved MSHA number. The label
should be securely attached to the diesel engine.
Label for engines that do not comply

with emissions
This typical example of a label is installed on engines that do not comply with emissions.
This typical example of a label is installed on engines that are stationary engines.
26 SEBU7833-07
Operation Section
Lifting and Storage
Operation Section
Lifting and Storage

i07462460
Engine Lifting
The configuration of the lifting eyes in certain three
cylinder applications may be installed as shown in
illustration 27 .
(1) Lifting eyes
NOTICE
Always inspect lifting eyebolts and all other lifting
equipment for damage before performing any lifting.
Never bend the eyebolts and the brackets. Never
perform product lifting if components are damaged.
Only load the eyebolts and the brackets under ten-
sion. Remember that the capacity of an eyebolt is
Typical example of the four cylinder lifting eyes less as the angle between the supporting members
and the object becomes less than 90 degrees.
When it is necessary to remove a component at an
angle, only use a link bracket that is properly rated for
the weight.
Use a hoist to remove heavy components. Use an
adjustable lifting beam to lift the engine. All
supporting members (chains and cables) should be
parallel to each other. The chains and cables should
be perpendicular to the top of the object that is being
lifted.
Some removals require lifting the fixtures in order to
obtain correct balance and safety.
To remove the engine ONLY, use the lifting eyes that
are on the engine.
Lifting eyes are designed and installed for specific
engine arrangements. Alterations to the lifting eyes
and/or the engine make the lifting eyes and the lifting
fixtures obsolete. If alterations are made, ensure that
correct lifting devices are provided. Consult your
Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for
Illustration 26 g03791046 information regarding fixtures for correct engine
Typical example of the three cylinder lifting eyes lifting.
SEBU7833-07 27
Operation Section
Engine Storage
i05876583 Sealed Coolant System
Engine Storage Ensure that the cooling system is filled with Perkins
ELC, or an antifreeze that meets “ASTM D6210”
specification.
Perkins are not responsible for damage which may Open Cooling System
occur when an engine is in storage after a period in
service. Ensure that all cooling drain plugs have been
opened. Allow the coolant to drain. Install the drain
Your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor can plugs. Place a vapor phase inhibitor into the system.
assist in preparing the engine for extended storage The coolant system must be sealed once the vapor
periods. phase inhibitor has been introduced. The effect of the
vapor phase inhibitor will be lost if the cooling system
Condition for Storage is open to the atmosphere.
The engine must be stored in a water proof building. For maintenance procedures refer to this Operation
The building must be kept at a constant temperature. and Maintenance Manual.
Engines that are filled with Perkins ELC will have
coolant protection to an ambient temperature of Monthly Checks
−36° C (−32.8° F). The engine must not be subjected
to extreme variations in temperature and humidity. The crankshaft must be rotated in order to change
the spring loading on the valve train. Rotate the
Storage Period crankshaft more than 180 degrees. Visibly check for
damage or corrosion to the engine.
An engine can be stored for up to 6 months provided
all the recommendation are adhered to. Ensure that the engine is covered completely before
storage. Log the procedure in the record for the
engine.
Storage Procedure
Keep a record of the procedure that has been
completed on the engine.
Note: Do not store an engine that has biodiesel in the
fuel system.
1. Ensure that the engine is clean and dry.

a. If the engine has been operated using
biodiesel, the system must be drained and new
filters installed. The fuel tank will require
flushing.
b. Fill the fuel system with an acceptable fuel. For
more information on acceptable fuels refer to
this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid
recommendations”. Operate the engine for 15
minutes in order to remove all biodiesel from
the system.
2. Drain any water from the primary filter water
separator. Ensure that the fuel tank is full.
3. The engine oil will not need to be drained in order
to store the engine. Provided the correct
specification of engine oil is used the engine can
be stored for up to 6 months. For the correct
specification of engine oil refer to this Operation
and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid
recommendations”.
4. Remove the drive belt from the engine.
28 SEBU7833-07
Operation Section
Gauges and Indicators
Gauges and Indicators 3. Determine if the engine must be shut down

immediately or if the engine can be cooled by
reducing the load.
i02164190
Tachometer – This gauge indicates
Gauges and Indicators engine speed (rpm). When the throttle
control lever is moved to the full throttle
position without load, the engine is running at
Your engine may not have the same gauges or all of high idle. The engine is running at the full load
the gauges that are described. For more information rpm when the throttle control lever is at the full
about the gauge package, see the OEM information. throttle position with maximum rated load.
Gauges provide indications of engine performance.

Ensure that the gauges are in good working order. NOTICE
To help prevent engine damage, never exceed the
Determine the normal operating range by observing high idle rpm. Overspeeding can result in serious
the gauges over a period of time. damage to the engine. The engine can be operated
Noticeable changes in gauge readings indicate at high idle without damage, but should never be al-
potential gauge or engine problems. Problems may lowed to exceed high idle rpm.
also be indicated by gauge readings that change
even if the readings are within specifications.
Determine and correct the cause of any significant Ammeter – This gauge indicates the
change in the readings. Consult your Perkins dealer amount of charge or discharge in the
or your Perkins distributor for assistance. battery charging circuit. Operation of
the indicator should be to the right side of “ 0””
NOTICE (zero).
If no oil pressure is indicated, STOP the engine. If
maximum coolant temperature is exceeded, STOP Fuel Level – This gauge indicates the
the engine. Engine damage can result. fuel level in the fuel tank. The fuel level
gauge operates when the “ START/STOP””
switch is in the “ ON”” position.
Engine Oil Pressure – The oil pressure
should be greatest after a cold engine is Service Hour Meter – The gauge
started. The typical engine oil pressure indicates operating time of the engine.
with SAE10W30 is 207 to 413 kPa (30 to 60 psi) at
rated rpm.
A lower oil pressure is normal at low idle. If the load is
stable and the gauge reading changes, perform the
following procedure:
1. Remove the load.
2. Reduce engine speed to low idle.
3. Check and maintain the oil level.
Jacket Water Coolant Temperature –

Typical temperature range is 71 to 96°C
(160 to 205°F). The maximum allowable
temperature with the pressurized cooling system
at 48 kPa (7 psi) is 110°C (230°F). Higher
temperatures may occur under certain
conditions. The water temperature reading may
vary according to load. The reading should never
exceed the boiling point for the pressurized
system that is being used.
If the engine is operating above the normal range
and steam becomes apparent, perform the following
procedure:
1. Reduce the load and the engine rpm.
2. Inspect the cooling system for leaks.
SEBU7833-07 29
Operation Section
Engine Starting
Engine Starting • Do not start the engine or move any of the controls
if there is a “DO NOT OPERATE” warning tag or
similar warning tag attached to the start switch or
i02194223 to the controls.
Before Starting Engine • Ensure that the areas around the rotating parts are
clear.
• All of the guards must be put in place. Check for

Before the engine is started, perform the required
damaged guards or for missing guards. Repair
daily maintenance and any other periodic
maintenance that is due. Refer to the Operation and any damaged guards. Replace damaged guards
Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval and/or missing guards.
Schedule” for more information.
• Disconnect any battery chargers that are not
• For the maximum service life of the engine, make protected against the high current drain that is
a thorough inspection within the engine created when the electric starting motor is
compartment before the engine is started. Look for engaged. Check electrical cables and check the
the following items: oil leaks, coolant leaks, loose battery for poor connections and for corrosion.
bolts and excessive dirt and/or grease. Remove
any excess dirt and/or grease buildup. Repair any • Reset all of the shutoffs or alarm components (if
faults that were identified during the inspection. equipped).
• Inspect the cooling system hoses for cracks and • Check the engine lubrication oil level. Maintain the
for loose clamps. oil level between the “ADD” mark and the “FULL”
mark on the engine oil level gauge.
• Inspect the alternator and accessory drive belts for
cracks, breaks, and other damage. • Check the coolant level. Observe the coolant level
in the header tank (if equipped). Maintain the
• Inspect the wiring for loose connections and for coolant level to the “FULL” mark on the header
worn wires or frayed wires. tank.
• Check the fuel supply. Drain water from the water • If the engine is not equipped with a header tank
separator (if equipped). Open the fuel supply valve maintain the coolant level within 13 mm (0.5 inch)
(if equipped). of the bottom of the filler pipe. If the engine is
equipped with a sight glass, maintain the coolant
level in the sight glass.
NOTICE
All valves in the fuel return line must be open before
• Observe the air cleaner service indicator (if
and during engine operation to help prevent high fuel
pressure. High fuel pressure may cause filter housing equipped). Service the air cleaner when the yellow
failure or other damage. diaphragm enters the red zone, or when the red
piston locks in the visible position.
If the engine has not been started for several weeks, • Ensure that any equipment that is driven by the
fuel may have drained from the fuel system. Air may engine has been disengaged from the engine.
have entered the filter housing. Also, when fuel filters Minimize electrical loads or remove any electrical
have been changed, some air pockets will be trapped loads.
in the engine. In these instances, prime the fuel
system. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance i02198348
Manual, “Fuel System - Prime” for more information
on priming the fuel system. Starting the Engine
Engine exhaust contains products of combustion

which may be harmful to your health. Always
start and operate the engine in a well ventilated Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as
area and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust ether. Such use could result in an explosion and
to the outside. personal injury.
Refer to the OMM for your type of controls. Use the
following procedure to start the engine.
30 SEBU7833-07
Operation Section
Cold Weather Starting
1. If equipped, move the throttle lever to the full

NOTICE
throttle position before you start the engine. Do not crank the engine for more than 30 seconds.
Allow the electric starting motor to cool for two mi-
NOTICE nutes before cranking the engine again.
Do not crank the engine for more than 30 seconds.
Allow the electric starting motor to cool for two mi-
nutes before cranking the engine again. 3. While the glow plug indicator light is illuminated,
turn the engine start switch to the START position
and crank the engine.
2. Turn the engine start switch to the START position.
Hold the engine start switch in the START position Note: If the glow plug indicator light illuminates
and crank the engine. rapidly for 2 to 3 seconds, or if the glow plug indicator
light fails to illuminate, a malfunction exists in the cold
3. When the engine starts, release the engine start
start system. Do not use ether or other starting fluids
switch. to start the engine.
4. If equipped, slowly move the throttle lever to the
low idle position and allow the engine to idle. Refer 4. When the engine starts, release the engine start
to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “After switch key.
Starting Engine” topic. 5. If the engine does not start, release the engine
5. If the engine does not start, release the engine start switch and allow the starter motor to cool.
start switch and allow the electric starting motor to Then, repeat steps 2 through step 4.
cool. Then, repeat steps 2 through step 4. 6. If the engine is equipped with a throttle allow the
6. Turn the engine start switch to the OFF position in engine to idle for 3 to 5 minutes, or allow the
order to stop the engine. engine to idle until the water temperature indicator
begins to rise. The engine should run at low idle
i05927255
smoothly until speed is gradually increased to high
idle. Allow the white smoke to disperse before
Cold Weather Starting proceeding with normal operation.
7. Operate the engine at low load until all systems
reach operating temperature. Check the gauges
during the warm-up period.
8. Turn the engine start switch to the OFF position in
ether. Such use could result in an explosion and order to stop the engine.
personal injury.
i02177935
Startability will be improved at temperatures below
−18 °C (0 °F) from the use of a jacket water heater or Starting with Jump Start
extra battery capacity.
Cables
The following items provide a means of minimizing
starting problems and fuel problems in cold weather:
engine oil pan heaters, jacket water heaters, fuel
heaters and fuel line insulation.
Use the procedure that follows for cold weather Improper jump start cable connections can cause
starting. an explosion resulting in personal injury.
1. If equipped, move the throttle lever to the full Prevent sparks near the batteries. Sparks could
throttle position before you start the engine. cause vapors to explode. Do not allow jump start
2. If equipped, turn the engine start switch to the cable ends to contact each other or the engine.
HEAT position. Hold the engine start switch in the
HEAT position for 6 seconds until the glow plug
indicator light illuminates. This action will activate
the glow plugs and aid in the starting of the
engine.
SEBU7833-07 31
Operation Section
After Starting Engine
Note: If it is possible, first diagnose the reason for the i06791278

starting failure. Make any necessary repairs. If the
engine will not start only due to the condition of the After Starting Engine
battery, either charge the battery, or start the engine
with jump start cables. The condition of the battery
can be rechecked after the engine has been switched
Note: In temperatures from 0°C to 60°C
OFF.
(32°F to 140°F), the warm-up time is approximately 3
minutes. In temperatures below 0°C (32°F), extra
NOTICE warm-up time may be required.
Using a battery source with the same voltage as the
electric starting motor. Use ONLY equal voltage for When the engine idles during warm-up, observe the
jump starting. The use of higher voltage will damage following conditions:
the electrical system.
• Check for any fluid or for any air leaks at idle rpm
Do not reverse the battery cables. The alternator can and at one-half full rpm (no load on the engine)
be damaged. Attach ground cable last and remove before operating the engine under load. This
first. action may not be possible in some applications.
When using an external electrical source to start the
engine, turn the generator set control switch to the • Operate the engine at low idle until all systems
“OFF” position. Turn all electrical accessories OFF achieve operating temperatures. Check all gauges
before attaching the jump start cables. during the warm-up period.
Ensure that the main power switch is in the OFF posi- Constant speed engines should be allowed to
tion before attaching the jump start cables to the en- operate at low idle for 3 minutes before used at
gine being started. operational speed. If the low idle option is not
available, then operate the engine at operational
speed with no load for 2 minutes.
1. Turn the start switch to the OFF position. Turn off
all the engine's accessories. Note: Gauge readings should be observed and the
data should be recorded frequently while the engine
2. Connect one positive end of the jump start cable to is operating. Comparing the data over time will help
the positive cable terminal of the discharged to determine normal readings for each gauge.
battery. Connect the other positive end of the jump Comparing data over time will also help detect
start cable to the positive cable terminal of the abnormal operating developments. Significant
electrical source. changes in the readings should be investigated.
3. Connect one negative end of the jump start cable

to the negative cable terminal of the electrical
source. Connect the other negative end of the
jump start cable to the engine block or to the
chassis ground. This procedure helps to prevent
potential sparks from igniting the combustible
gases that are produced by some batteries.
4. Start the engine.
5. Immediately after the stalled engine is started,
disconnect the jump start cables in reverse order.
After jump starting, the alternator may not be able to
fully recharge batteries that are severely discharged.
The batteries must be replaced or charged to the
correct voltage with a battery charger after the engine
is stopped. Many batteries which are considered
unusable are still rechargeable. Refer to Operation
and Maintenance Manual, “Battery - Replace” and
Testing and Adjusting Manual, “Battery - Test”.
32 SEBU7833-07
Operation Section
Engine Operation
Engine Operation 2. Check all of the gauges during the warm-up

period.
i06015869 3. Perform a walk-around inspection. Check the
engine for fluid leaks and air leaks, only then apply
Engine Operation the load.
i02330149
Proper operation and maintenance are key factors in
obtaining the maximum life and economy of the Fuel Conservation Practices
engine. If the directions in the Operation and
Maintenance Manual are followed, costs can be
minimized and engine service life can be maximized.
The efficiency of the engine can affect the fuel
The engine can be operated at the rated rpm after economy. Perkins design and technology in
the engine reaches operating temperature. The manufacturing provides maximum fuel efficiency in
engine will reach normal operating temperature all applications. Follow the recommended procedures
sooner during a low engine speed (rpm) and during a in order to attain optimum performance for the life of
low-power demand. This procedure is more effective the engine.
than idling the engine at no load. The engine should
reach operating temperature in a few minutes. • Avoid spilling fuel.
Gauge readings should be observed and the data Fuel expands when the fuel is warmed up. The fuel
should be recorded frequently while the engine is may overflow from the fuel tank. Inspect fuel lines for
operating. Comparing the data over time will help to leaks. Repair the fuel lines, as needed.
determine normal readings for each gauge.
Comparing data over time will also help detect • Be aware of the properties of the different fuels.
abnormal operating developments. Significant Use only the recommended fuels.
changes in the readings should be investigated.
• Avoid unnecessary idling.
i06026912 Shut off the engine rather than idle for long periods of
time.
Engine Warm-up
• Observe the air cleaner service indicator
frequently. Keep the air cleaner elements clean.
Variable Speed Engine • Maintain the electrical systems.

One damaged battery cell will overwork the
1. Run the engine at low idle for 3 to 5 minutes. Or alternator. This will consume excess power and
run the engine at low idle until the jacket water excess fuel.
temperature starts to rise.
• Ensure that the drive belts are correctly adjusted.
More time may be necessary when the The drive belts should be in good condition.
temperature is below −18°C (0°F).
• Ensure that all of the connections of the hoses are
2. Check all of the gauges during the warm-up tight. The connections should not leak.
period.
• Ensure that the driven equipment is in good
3. Perform a walk-around inspection. Check the working order.
engine for fluid leaks and air leaks.
• Cold engines consume excess fuel. Utilize heat
4. Increase the rpm to the rated rpm. Check for fluid from the jacket water system and the exhaust
leaks and air leaks. The engine may be operated system, when possible. Keep cooling system
at full rated rpm and at full load when the components clean and keep cooling system
temperature of the water jacket reaches 60°C components in good repair. Never operate the
(140°F). engine without water temperature regulators. All of
these items will help maintain operating
Constance Speed Engine temperatures.
1. Run the engine for 3 to 5 minutes.

More time may be necessary when the
temperature is below −18°C (0°F).
SEBU7833-07 33
Operation Section
Engine Stopping
Engine Stopping i01903608
i01929389
After Stopping Engine
Stopping the Engine Note: Before you check the engine oil, do not
operate the engine for at least 10 minutes in order to
allow the engine oil to return to the oil pan.
NOTICE
Stopping the engine immediately after it has been • Check the crankcase oil level. Maintain the oil
working under load can result in overheating and ac- level between the “ADD” mark and the “FULL”
celerated wear of the engine components. mark on the oil level dipstick.
If the engine has been operating at high rpm and/or • If necessary, perform minor adjustments. Repair
high loads, run at low idle for at least three minutes to any leaks and tighten any loose bolts.
reduce and stabilize internal engine temperature be-
fore stopping the engine. • Note the required service interval. Perform the
maintenance that is in the Operation and
Avoiding hot engine shutdowns will maximize turbo- Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval
charger shaft and bearing life. Schedule”.
Prior to stopping an engine that is being operated at • Fill the fuel tank in order to help prevent
low loads, operate the engine at low idle for 30 accumulation of moisture in the fuel. Do not overfill
seconds before stopping. If the engine has been the fuel tank.
operating at highway speeds and/or at high loads,
operate the engine at low idle for at least three
minutes. This procedure will cause the internal NOTICE
engine temperature to be reduced and stabilized. Only use antifreeze/coolant mixtures recommended
in the Coolant Specifications that are in the Operation
Ensure that the engine stopping procedure is and Maintenance Manual. Failure to do so can cause
understood. Stop the engine according to the shutoff engine damage.
system on the engine or refer to the instructions that
are provided by the OEM.
• Allow the engine to cool. Check the coolant level.
• To stop the engine, turn the ignition key switch to
the OFF position. • If freezing temperatures are expected, check the
coolant for the correct antifreeze protection. The
cooling system must be protected against freezing
i07764840
to the lowest expected outside temperature. Add
the correct coolant/water mixture, if necessary.
Emergency Stopping
• Perform all required periodic maintenance on all
driven equipment. This maintenance is outlined in
the instructions from the OEM.
NOTICE
Emergency shutoff controls are for EMERGENCY
use ONLY. DO NOT use emergency shutoff devices
or controls for normal stopping procedure.
The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) may
have equipped the application with an emergency
stop button. For more information about the
emergency stop button, refer to the OEM information.
Ensure that any components for the external system
that support the engine operation are secured after
the engine is stopped.
34 SEBU7833-07
Operation Section
Cold Weather Operation
Cold Weather Operation • The cooling system and the lubrication system for
the engine do not lose heat immediately upon
shutdown. This means that an engine can be shut
i05927231 down for a period of time, and the engine can still
be ability to start readily.
• Install the correct specification of engine lubricant
before the beginning of cold weather.
Perkins Diesel Engines can operate effectively in
cold weather. During cold weather, the starting and • Check all rubber parts (hoses, fan drive belts.)
the operation of the diesel engine is dependent on weekly.
the following items:
• Check all electrical wiring and connections for any
• The type of fuel that is used fraying or damaged insulation.
• The viscosity of the engine oil • Keep all batteries fully charged and warm.
• The operation of the glow plugs • Fill the fuel tank at the end of each shift.
• Optional Cold starting aid • Check the air cleaners and the air intake daily.
Check the air intake more often when you operate
• Battery condition in snow.
• Ambient air temperature and altitude • Ensure that the glow plugs are in working order.
Refer to Testing and Adjusting Manual, “Glow Plug
• Parasitic load of the application - Test”.
• Application hydraulic and transmission oil
viscosities
This section will cover the following information: Personal injury or property damage can result
from alcohol or starting fluids.
• Potential problems that are caused by cold-
weather operation Alcohol or starting fluids are highly flammable
and toxic and if improperly stored could result in
• Suggest steps which can be taken in order to injury or property damage.
minimize starting problems and operating
problems when the ambient air temperature is
between 0° to−40 °C (32° to 40 °F).
The operation and maintenance of an engine in Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as
freezing temperatures is complex . This complexity is ether. Such use could result in an explosion and
because of the following conditions: personal injury.
• Weather conditions
• Engine applications
Recommendations from your Perkins dealer or your
Perkins distributor are based on past proven
practices. The information that is contained in this
section provides guidelines for cold-weather
operation.
Hints for Cold Weather Operation

• If the engine will start, operate the engine until a
minimum operating temperature of 81 °C
(177.8 °F) is achieved. Achieving operating
temperature will help prevent the intake valves
and exhaust valves from sticking.
SEBU7833-07 35
Operation Section
• For jump starting with cables in cold weather, refer While the engine is idling, the application of a light
to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, load (parasitic load) will assist in achieving the
“Starting with Jump Start Cables.” for instructions. minimum operating temperature. The minimum
operating temperature is 82 °C (179.6 °F).
Viscosity of the Engine Lubrication
Oil Recommendations for Coolant
Warm Up
Correct engine oil viscosity is essential. Oil viscosity
affects the amount of torque that is needed to crank Warm up an engine that has cooled below normal
the engine. Refer to this Operation and Maintenance operating temperatures due to inactivity. The warm-
Manual, “Fluid Recommendations” for the up should be performed before the engine is returned
recommended viscosity of oil. to full operation. During operation in very cold
temperature conditions, damage to engine valve
Recommendations for the Coolant mechanisms can result from engine operation for
short intervals. This action can happen if the engine
Provide cooling system protection for the lowest is started and the engine is stopped many times
expected outside temperature. Refer to this without being operated in order to warm up
Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid completely.
Recommendations” for the recommended coolant
mixture. When the engine is operated below normal operating
temperatures, fuel and oil are not completely burned
In cold weather, check the coolant often for the in the combustion chamber. This fuel and oil causes
correct glycol concentration in order to ensure soft carbon deposits to form on the valve stems.
adequate freeze protection. Generally, the deposits do not cause problems and
the deposits are burned off during operation at
Engine Block Heaters normal engine operating temperatures.
Engine block heaters (if equipped) heat the engine When the engine is started and the engine is stopped
jacket water that surrounds the combustion many times without being operated in order to warm
chambers. This heat provides the following functions: up completely, the carbon deposits become thicker.
This action can cause the following problems:
• Startability is improved.
• Free operation of the valves is prevented.
• Warm up time is reduced.
• Valves become stuck.
An electric block heater can be activated once the
engine is stopped. An effective block heater is • Pushrods may become bent.
typically a 1250/1500 W unit. Consult your Perkins
dealer or your Perkins distributor for more • Other damage to valve train components can
information. result.
For this reason, when the engine is started, the
Idling the Engine engine must be operated until the coolant
temperature is 71 °C (160 °F) minimum. Carbon
When idling after the engine is started in cold deposits on the valve stems will be kept at a
weather, increase the engine rpm from 1000 to 1200 minimum. The free operation of the valves and the
rpm. This increase in RPM will warm up the engine valve components will be maintained.
more quickly. Maintaining an elevated low idle speed
for extended periods will be easier with the In addition, the engine must be thoroughly warmed in
installation of a hand throttle. The engine should not order to keep other engine parts in better condition
be “raced” in order to speed up the warm-up process. and the service life of the engine will be generally
extended. Lubrication will be improved. There will be
less acid and less sludge in the oil. This lubrication
will provide longer service life for the engine
bearings, the piston rings, and other parts. However,
limit unnecessary idle time to 10 minutes in order to
reduce wear and unnecessary fuel consumption.
36 SEBU7833-07
Operation Section
Fuel and the Effect from Cold Weather
The Water Temperature Regulator and Properties of the diesel fuel can have a significant
Insulated Heater Lines effect on the engine cold start capability. Critical to
the low temperature properties of diesel fuel is the
The engine is equipped with a water temperature acceptability for the minimum ambient temperature
regulator. When the engine coolant is below the the engine is expected to see in operation. Following
correct operating temperature, jacket water circulates properties are used to define fuels low temperature
through the engine cylinder block and into the engine capability:
cylinder head. The coolant then returns to the
cylinder block via an internal passage that bypasses • Cloud point
the valve of the coolant temperature regulator. This
system ensures that coolant flows around the engine • Pour point
under cold operating conditions. The water
temperature regulator begins to open when the • Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)
engine jacket water has reached the correct The cloud point of the fuel is the temperature at
minimum operating temperature. As the jacket water which waxes naturally found in diesel fuel begins to
coolant temperature rises above the minimum form crystals. The cloud point of the fuel must be
operating temperature the water temperature below lowest ambient temperature to prevent filters
regulator opens further allowing more coolant from plugging.
through the radiator to dissipate excess heat.
CFPP is a temperature at which a particular fuel will
The progressive opening of the water temperature pass through a standardized filtration device. The
regulator operates the progressive closing of the CFPP gives an estimate of the lower operability
bypass passage between the cylinder block and temperature of fuel.
head. This system ensures maximum coolant flow to
the radiator in order to achieve maximum heat Pour point is the last temperature before the fuel flow
dissipation. stops and waxing of the fuel will start.
Note: Perkins discourages the use of all air flow Be aware of these properties when diesel fuel is
restriction devices such as radiator shutters. purchased. Consider the average ambient air
Restriction of the air flow can result in the following: temperature for the engines application. Engines that
high exhaust temperatures, power loss, excessive are fueled in one climate may not operate well if the
fan usage and reduction in fuel economy. engines are shipped to colder climate. Problems can
result due to changes in temperature.
A cab heater is beneficial in very cold weather. The
feed from the engine and the return lines from the Before troubleshooting for low power or for poor
cab should be insulated in order to reduce heat loss performance in the winter, check the fuel for waxing.
to the outside air.
The following components can provide a means of
Insulating the Air Inlet and Engine minimizing fuel waxing problems in cold weather:
Compartment • Fuel heaters, which may be an OEM option
When temperatures below −18 °C (−0 °F) will be • Fuel line insulation, which may be an OEM option
frequently encountered, an air cleaner inlet that is
located in the engine compartment may be specified. Winter and arctic grades of diesel fuel are available in
An air cleaner that is located in the engine the countries and territories with severe winters. For
compartment may also minimize the entry of snow more information refer to the Operation and
into the air cleaner. Also, heat that is rejected by the Maintenance Manual, “Cold Weather Operation”
engine helps to warm the intake air.
Another important fuel property which can affect cold
Additional heat can be retained around the engine by start and operation of diesel engine is cetane
insulating the engine compartment. number. For more information refer to the Operation
and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid Recommendations”.
i05927268
Fuel and the Effect from Cold

Weather
Note: Only use grades of fuel that are recommended

by Perkins. Refer to this Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Fluid Recommendations”.
SEBU7833-07 37
Operation Section
Fuel Related Components in Cold Weather
i01903588
Fuel Related Components in

Cold Weather
Fuel Tanks
Condensation can form in partially filled fuel tanks.
Top off the fuel tanks after you operate the engine.
Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining
water and sediment from the bottom of the tanks.
Some fuel tanks use supply pipes that allow water
and sediment to settle below the end of the fuel
supply pipe.
Some fuel tanks use supply lines that take fuel
directly from the bottom of the tank. If the engine is
equipped with this system, regular maintenance of
the fuel system filter is important.
Drain the water and sediment from any fuel storage
tank at the following intervals: weekly, oil changes
and refueling of the fuel tank. This will help prevent
water and/or sediment from being pumped from the
fuel storage tank and into the engine fuel tank.
Fuel Filters
It is possible that a primary fuel filter is installed
between the fuel tank and the engine fuel inlet. After
you change the fuel filter, always prime the fuel
system in order to remove air bubbles from the fuel
system. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual in the Maintenance Section for more
information on priming the fuel system.
The micron rating and the location of a primary fuel
filter is important in cold weather operation. The
primary fuel filter and the fuel supply line are the most
common components that are affected by cold fuel.
Fuel Heaters
Note: The OEM may equip the application with fuel
heaters. If this is the case, disconnect an electric type
of fuel heater in warm weather in order to prevent
overheating of the fuel. If the type of fuel heater is a
heat exchanger, the OEM should have included a
bypass for warm weather. Ensure that the bypass is
operational during warm weather in order to prevent
overheating of the fuel.
For more information about fuel heaters (if equipped),
refer to the OEM information.
38 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
Maintenance Section (Table 6, contd)

(1) These values are the approximate capacities for the crankcase
oil sump which include the standard factory installed oil filters.
Engines with auxiliary oil filters will require additional oil. Refer
Refill Capacities to the OEM specifications for the capacity of the auxiliary oil
filter.
i08754664
Cooling System
Refill Capacities To maintain the cooling system, the Total Cooling
System capacity must be known. The approximate
capacity for the engine cooling system is listed below.
External System capacities will vary among
Lubrication System applications. Refer to the OEM specifications for the
External System capacity. This capacity information
The refill capacities for the engine crankcase reflect will be needed to determine the amount of coolant/
the approximate capacity of the crankcase or sump antifreeze that is required for the Total Cooling
plus standard oil filters. Auxiliary oil filter systems will System.
require additional oil. Refer to the OEM specifications
for the capacity of the auxiliary oil filter. Refer to the 1103 Engine
Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance
Section” for more information on Lubricant Table 7
Specifications.
1103 Naturally Aspirated Engine without an oil cooler
1103 Engine Compartment or System Liters Quarts
Table 5 Engine Only 6.3 6.7
1103 Engine External cooling system capacity (OEM
recommendation) (1)
Compartment or System Liters Quarts
Total Cooling System (2)
Standard Oil Sump for the Engine Crank-
6.5 7
case (1) Total cooling system capacity for en-
(1) These values are the approximate capacities for the crankcase gine model DD and engine model DJ 12.8 13.5
oil sump which include the standard factory installed oil filters. with factory fitted radiators.
Engines with auxiliary oil filters will require additional oil. Refer (1)
to the OEM specifications for the capacity of the auxiliary oil The external cooling system includes a radiator or an expan-
filter. sion tank with the following components: heat exchanger, after-
cooler, and piping. Refer to the OEM specifications. Enter the
value for the external system capacity in this row.
1104 Engine (2) The Total Cooling System includes the capacity for the engine
cooling system plus the capacity for the external cooling sys-
tem. Enter the total in this row.
Table 6
1104 Engine Table 8
1103 Naturally Aspirated Engines and Turbocharged
Engines with an oil cooler
Standard Oil Sump for the Engine Crank-
case (1)
6.5 7 Compartment or System Liters Quarts
Engine Only 6.5 6.9
(continued) External cooling system capacity (OEM

recommendation) (1)
Total cooling system capacity for en-

gine model DK with factory fitted 13 13.7
radiators.
(1) The external cooling system includes a radiator or an expan-
sion tank with the following components: heat exchanger, after-
value for the external system capacity in this row.
(2) The Total Cooling System includes the capacity for the engine
cooling system plus the capacity for the external cooling sys-
SEBU7833-07 39
Maintenance Section
Fluid Recommendations
1104 Engine
Table 9
1104 Naturally Aspirated Engine

Engine Only 10.4 11
External cooling system capacity (OEM

recommendation) (1)

(1) The external cooling system includes a radiator or an expan-
sion tank with the following components: heat exchanger, after-
value for the external system capacity in this row. Illustration 28 g00546535
(2) The Total Cooling System includes the capacity for the engine
cooling system plus the capacity for the external cooling sys- Typical API symbol
Table 11
Table 10
API Classifications for the Industrial Engine
1104 Turbocharged Engine
Oil Specification
CH-4 minimum specification
Engine Only 11.4 12 CI-4
External cooling System capacity

(OEM recommendation) (1) Terminology
Certain abbreviations follow the nomenclature of
(1) The external cooling system includes a radiator or an expan- “SAE J754”. Some classifications follow “SAE J183”
sion tank with the following components: heat exchanger, after- abbreviations. In addition to Perkins definitions, there
cooler, and piping. Refer to the OEM specifications. Enter the are other definitions that will be of assistance in
value for the external cooling system capacity in this row. purchasing lubricants. Recommended oil viscosities
(2) The Total Cooling System includes the capacity for the engine can be found in this publication, “Fluid
cooling system plus the capacity for the external cooling sys- Recommendations/Engine Oil” topic (Maintenance
tem. Enter the total in this row. Section).
i05899596
Engine Oil
Fluid Recommendations Commercial Oils
The performance of commercial diesel engine oils is
based on American Petroleum Institute (API)
General Lubricant Information classifications. These API classifications are
developed in order to provide commercial lubricants
Because of government regulations regarding the for a broad range of diesel engines that operate at
certification of exhaust emissions from the engine, various conditions.
the lubricant recommendations must be followed.
Only use commercial oils that meet the following
American Petroleum Institute (API) Oils classifications:
The Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System by • API CH-4 minimum multigrade oil
the American Petroleum Institute (API) is recognized
by Perkins. For detailed information about this • API CI-4
system, see the latest edition of the “API publication
No. 1509”. Engine oils that bear the API symbol are • ACEAE3
authorized by API. In order to make the correct choice of a commercial
oil, refer to the following explanations:
API CH-4 – API CH-4 oils were developed in order to
meet the requirements of the new high performance
diesel engines. Also, the oil was designed to meet
the requirements of the low emissions diesel
40 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
engines. API CH-4 oils are also acceptable for use in

older diesel engines and in diesel engines that use
high sulfur diesel fuel.
Three new engine tests were developed for the API

CH-4 oil. The first test specifically evaluates deposits
on pistons for engines with the two-piece steel piston.
This test (piston deposit) also measures the control
of oil consumption. A second test is conducted with
moderate oil soot. The second test measures the
following criteria: wear of piston rings, wear of
cylinder liners and resistance to corrosion. A third
new test measures the following characteristics with
high levels of soot in the oil: wear of the valve train,
resistance of the oil in plugging the oil filter and
control of sludge. Illustration 29 g00799818
In addition to the new tests, API CH-4 oils have (Y) TBN by “ASTM D2896”
tougher limits for viscosity control in applications that (X) Percentage of fuel sulfur by weight
(1) TBN of new oil
generate high soot. The oils also have improved (2) Change the oil when the TBN deteriorates to 50 percent of the
oxidation resistance. API CH-4 oils must pass an original TBN.
additional test (piston deposit) for engines that use
aluminum pistons (single piece). Oil performance is Use the following guidelines for fuel sulfur levels that
also established for engines that operate in areas exceed 1.5 percent:
with high sulfur diesel fuel.
• Choose an oil with the highest TBN that meets
All of these improvements allow the API CH-4 oil to one of these classifications: API CH-4 and API CI-
achieve optimum oil change intervals. API CH-4 oils 4.
are recommended for use in extended oil change
intervals. API CH-4 oils are recommended for • Reduce the oil change interval. Base the oil
conditions that demand a premium oil. Your Perkins
distributor has specific guidelines for optimizing oil change interval on the oil analysis. Ensure that the
change intervals. oil analysis includes the condition of the oil and a
wear metal analysis.
Some commercial oils that meet the API
classifications may require reduced oil change Excessive piston deposits can be produced by an oil
intervals. To determine the oil change interval, with a high TBN. These deposits can lead to a loss of
closely monitor the condition of the oil and perform a control of the oil consumption and to the polishing of
wear metal analysis. the cylinder bore.
An oil specification that is above CH-4 is acceptable NOTICE

for use in Perkins engines. Operating Direct Injection (DI) diesel engines with
fuel sulphur levels over 0.5 percent will require short-
NOTICE ened oil change intervals. Shortened oil change inter-
Failure to follow these oil recommendations can vals will help maintain adequate wear protection.
cause shortened engine service life due to deposits
and/or excessive wear. Table 12
Percentage of Sulfur in the fuel Oil change interval
Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Lower than 0.5 Normal
Levels for Direct Injection (DI) Diesel 0.5 to 1.0 0.75 of normal
Engines Greater than 1.0 0.50 of normal
The Total Base Number (TBN) for an oil depends on

the fuel sulfur level. For direct injection engines that Lubricant Viscosity Recommendations
use distillate fuel, the minimum TBN of the new oil
must be ten times the fuel sulfur level. The TBN is for Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines
defined by “ASTM D2896”. The minimum TBN of the
oil is 5 regardless of fuel sulfur level. Illustration 29 The correct SAE viscosity grade of oil is determined
demonstrates the TBN. by the minimum ambient temperature during cold
engine start-up, and the maximum ambient
temperature during engine operation.
SEBU7833-07 41
Maintenance Section
Refer to illustration30 (minimum temperature) in Re refined base stock oil

order to determine the required oil viscosity for
starting a cold engine. Re refined base stock oils are acceptable for use in
Perkins engines if these oils meet the performance
Refer to illustration 30 (maximum temperature) in requirements that are specified by Perkins.Re refined
order to select the oil viscosity for engine operation at base stock oil can be used exclusively in finished oil
the highest ambient temperature that is anticipated. or in a combination with new base stock oil . The US
military specifications and the specifications of other
Generally, use the highest oil viscosity that is heavy equipment manufacturers also allow the use of
available to meet the requirement for the temperature re refined base stock oils that meet the same criteria.
at start-up.
The process that is used to make re refined base
stock oil should adequately remove all wear metals
that are in the used oil and all the additives that are in
the used oil. The process that is used to make re
refined base stock oil generally involves the process
of vacuum distillation and hydrotreating the used oil.
Filtering is adequate for the production of high
quality, re refined base stock oil.
Lubricants for Cold Weather

When an engine is started and an engine is operated
in ambient temperatures below −20 °C (−4 °F), use
multigrade oils that are capable of flowing in low
temperatures.
These oils have lubricant viscosity grades of SAE 0W
or SAE 5W.
When an engine is started and operated in ambient
temperatures below −30 °C (−22 °F), use a synthetic
base stock multigrade oil with an 0W viscosity grade
or with a 5W viscosity grade. Use an oil with a pour
point that is lower than −50 °C (−58 °F).
The number of acceptable lubricants is limited in
Synthetic Base Stock Oil cold-weather conditions. Perkins recommends the
following lubricants for use in cold-weather
Synthetic base oils are acceptable for use in these conditions:
engines if these oils meet the performance
First Choice – Use oil with an EMA DHD-1
requirements that are specified for the engine. Recommended Guideline. Use a CH-4 oil that has an
API license. The oil should be either SAE 0W20, SAE
Synthetic base oils generally perform better than 0W30, SAE 0W40, SAE 5W30, or SAE 5W40
conventional oils in the following two areas: lubricant viscosity grade.
• Synthetic base oils have improved flow at low
temperatures especially in arctic conditions. Second Choice – Use an oil that has a CH-4
additive package. Although the oil has not been
• Synthetic base oils have improved oxidation tested for the requirements of the API license, the oil
stability especially at high operating temperatures. must be either SAE 0W20, SAE 0W30, SAE 0W40,
SAE 5W30, or SAE 5W40.
Some synthetic base oils have performance
characteristics that enhance the service life of the oil.
Perkins does not recommend the automatic NOTICE
extending of the oil change intervals for any type of Shortened engine service life could result if second
oil. choice oils are used.
42 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Aftermarket Oil Additives • The Oil Condition Analysis determines the loss of
the oils lubricating properties. An infrared analysis
Perkins does not recommend the use of aftermarket is used to compare the properties of new oil to the
additives in oil. The use aftermarket additives in order properties of the used oil sample. This analysis
to achieve the engines maximum service life, or rated
performance is not necessary. Fully formulated, allows technicians to determine the amount of
finished oils consist of base oils and of commercial deterioration of the oil during use. This analysis
additive packages. These additive packages are also allows technicians to verify the performance
blended into the base oils at precise percentages in of the oil according to the specification during the
order to help provide finished oils with performance entire oil change interval.
characteristics that meet industry standards.
i05899601
There are no industry standard tests that evaluate
the performance or the compatibility of aftermarket
additives in finished oil. Aftermarket additives may Fluid Recommendations
not be compatible with the finished oils additive
package, which could lower the performance of the
(Fuel Recommendations)
finished oil. The aftermarket additive could fail to mix
with the finished oil. An aftermarket additive could
produce sludge in the crankcase. Perkins • Glossary
discourages the use of aftermarket additives in
finished oils. • ISO International Standards Organization
To achieve the best performance from a Perkins • ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
engine, conform to the following guidelines:
• HFRR High Frequency Reciprocating Rig for
• Select the correct oil, or a commercial oil that
Lubricity testing of diesel fuels
meets the “EMA Recommended Guideline on
Diesel Engine Oil” or the recommended API • FAME Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
classification.
• CFR Co-ordinating Fuel Research
• See the appropriate “Lubricant Viscosities” table in
order to find the correct oil viscosity grade for your • LSD Low Sulfur Diesel
engine.
• ULSD Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel
• At the specified interval, service the engine. Use
new oil and install a new oil filter. • RME Rape Methyl Ester
• Perform maintenance at the intervals that are • SME Soy Methyl Ester
specified in the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule”. • EPA Environmental Protection Agency of the
United States
Oil Analysis
General Information
Some engines may be equipped with an oil sampling
valve. If oil analysis is required, the oil sampling valve
is used to obtain samples of the engine oil. The oil NOTICE
Every attempt is made to provide accurate, up-to-
analysis will complement the preventive maintenance
program. date information. By use of this document you agree
that Perkins Engines Company Limited is not respon-
The oil analysis is a diagnostic tool that is used to sible for errors or omissions.
determine oil performance and component wear
rates. Contamination can be identified and measured
by using the oil analysis. The oil analysis includes the NOTICE
following tests: These recommendations are subject to change with-
out notice. Contact your local Perkins distributor for
• The Wear Rate Analysis monitors the wear of the the most up-to-date recommendations.
engines metals. The amount of wear metal and
type of wear metal that is in the oil is analyzed.
The increase in the rate of engine wear metal in Diesel Fuel Requirements
the oil is as important as the quantity of engine
wear metal in the oil. Perkins is not in a position to evaluate continuously
and monitor all worldwide distillate diesel fuel
• Tests are conducted in order to detect specifications that are published by governments and
contamination of the oil by water, glycol, or fuel. technological societies.
SEBU7833-07 43
Maintenance Section
Fuel Recommendations
Table 13 provides a known reliable baseline in order

to judge the expected performance of distillate diesel
fuels that are derived from conventional sources.
Satisfactory engine performance is dependent on the
use of a good quality fuel. The use of a good quality
fuel will give the following results: long engine life and
acceptable exhaust emissions levels. The fuel must
meet the minimum requirements that are stated in
table 13 .
NOTICE
The footnotes are a key part of the Perkins Specifica-
tion for Distillate Diesel Fuel Table. Read ALL of the
footnotes.
Table 13
Perkins Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel
Property UNITS Requirements “ASTM Test” “ISO Test”
Aromatics %Volume 35% maximum D1319 “ISO 3837”

Ash %Weight 0.01% maximum D482 “ISO 6245”
Carbon Residue on 10% %Weight 0.35% maximum D524 “ISO 4262”

Bottoms
Cetane Number (1) - 40 minimum D613 or D6890 “ISO 5165”
Cloud Point °C The cloud point must not ex- D2500 “ISO 3015”
ceed the lowest expected
ambient temperature.
Copper Strip Corrosion - No. 3 maximum D130 “ISO 2160”
Distillation °C 10% at 282 °C (539.6 °F) D86 “ISO 3405”

maximum
90% at 360 °C (680 °F)
maximum
Density at 15 °C (59 °F) Kg / M 3 800 minimum and 860 No equivalent test “ISO 3675 ” or “ISO 12185”
(2) maximum
Flash Point °C legal limit D93 “ISO 2719”
Thermal Stability - Minimum of 80% reflec- D6468 No equivalent test

tance after aging for 180 mi-
nutes at 150 °C (302 °F)
Pour Point °C 6 °C (10°F) D97 “ISO 3016”

Minimum below ambient
temperature
Sulfur %mass (3) D5453 or /D26222 “ISO 20846 ” or “ISO 20884”
Kinematic Viscosity (4) “MM”2“/S (cSt)” The viscosity of the fuel that D445 “ISO 3405”
is delivered to the fuel injec-
tion pump. “1.4 minimum
and /4.5 maximum”
Water and sediment % weight 0.05% maximum D1796 “ISO 3734”
Water % weight 0.05% maximum D1744 No equivalent test
Sediment % weight 0.05% maximum D473 “ISO 3735”
(continued)
44 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
(Table 13, contd)

Gums and Resins (5) mg/100mL 10 mg per 100 mL D381 “ISO 6246”
maximum
Lubricity corrected wear mm 0.46 maximum D6079 “ISO 12156-1”
scar diameter at 60 °C
(140 °F). (6)
Fuel cleanliness (7) - “ISO”18/16/13 7619 “ISO 4406”

(1) In order to insure minimum cetane number of 40 a distillate diesel fuel should have minimum cetane index of 44 when ASTM D4737 test
method is used. A fuel with a higher cetane number is recommended in order to operate at a higher altitude or in cold weather.
(2) Density range allowed includes summer and winter diesel fuel grades. Fuel density varies depending on the sulfur level where high sulfur
fuels have higher densities. Some unblended alternative fuels have lower densities which are acceptable, if all the other properties meet this
specification.
(3) Regional regulations, national regulations, or international regulations can require a fuel with a specific sulfur limit. Consult all applicable reg-
ulations before selecting a fuel for a given engine application. Perkins fuel systems and engine components can operate on high sulphur
fuels where allowed by legislation. Fuel sulfur levels affect exhaust emissions. High sulfur fuels also increase the potential for corrosion of in-
ternal components. Fuel sulfur levels above 0.5% may significantly shorten the oil change interval. For additional information, refer to Gener-
al lubricant Information.
(4) The values of the fuel viscosity are the values as the fuel is delivered to the fuel injection pumps. Fuel should also meet the minimum viscos-
ity requirement and the fuel should meet the maximum viscosity requirements at 40° C (104° F) of either the "ASTM D445" test method or
the "ISO 3104" test method. If a fuel with a low viscosity is used, cooling of the fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or greater viscosity at
the fuel injection pump. Fuels with a high viscosity might require fuel heaters in order to lower the viscosity to 4.5 cSt at the fuel injection
pump.
(5) Follow the test conditions and procedures for gasoline (motor).
(6) The lubricity of a fuel is a concern with low sulfur and ultra low sulfur fuel. To determine the lubricity of the fuel, use the “ISO 12156-1 or ASTM
D6079 High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)” test. If the lubricity of a fuel does not meet the minimum requirements, consult your fuel
supplier. Do not treat the fuel without consulting the fuel supplier. Some additives are not compatible. These additives can cause problems in
the fuel system.
(7) Recommended cleanliness level for fuel as dispensed into machine or engine fuel tank is "ISO 18/16/13 or cleaner as per ISO 4406. Refer to
the "Contamination Control Recommendations for Fuels" in this chapter.
Cetane numbers in excess of 45 are normally

NOTICE expected from current diesel fuel. However, a cetane
Operating with fuels that do not meet the Perkins rec-
ommendations can cause the following effects: Start- number of 40 may be experienced in some territories.
ing difficulty, poor combustion, deposits in the fuel The United States of America is one of the territories
that can have a low cetane value. A minimum cetane
injectors, reduced service life of the fuel system, de- value of 40 is required during average starting
posits in the combustion chamber and reduced serv- conditions. A higher cetane value may be required for
ice life of the engine. operations at high altitudes or in cold-weather
operations.
Engines that are manufactured by Perkins are certi-
fied with the fuel that is prescribed by the United Fuel with a low cetane number can be the root cause
States Environmental Protection Agency. Engines of problems during cold start.
that are manufactured by Perkins are certified with
the fuel that is prescribed by the European Certifica- Viscosity
tion and other regulatory agencies. Perkins does not
certify diesel engines on any other fuel. Viscosity is the property of a liquid of offering
resistance to shear or flow. Viscosity decreases with
increasing temperature. This decrease in viscosity
Note: The owner and the operator of the engine has follows a logarithmic relationship for normal fossil
the responsibility of using the fuel that is prescribed fuel. The common reference is to kinematic viscosity.
by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Kinematic viscosity is the quotient of the dynamic
other appropriate regulatory agencies. viscosity that is divided by the density. The
determination of kinematic viscosity is normally by
Diesel Fuel Characteristics readings from gravity flow viscometers at standard
temperatures. Refer to “ISO 3104” for the test
Perkins Recommendations method.
Cetane Number
Fuel that has a high cetane number will give a shorter
ignition delay. A high cetane number will produce a
better ignition quality. Cetane numbers are derived
for fuels against proportions of cetane and
heptamethylnonane in the standard CFR engine.
Refer to “ISO 5165” for the test method.
SEBU7833-07 45
Maintenance Section
The viscosity of the fuel is significant because fuel When only high sulfur fuels are available, the use of
serves as a lubricant for the fuel system components. high alkaline lubricating oil may be required. Or that
Fuel must have sufficient viscosity in order to the lubricating oil change interval is reduced. Refer to
lubricate the fuel system in both cold temperatures Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid
and hot temperatures. If the kinematic viscosity of the Recommendations (Lubricant Information)” for
fuel is lower than 1.4 cSt at the fuel injection pump, information on sulfur in fuel.
damage to the fuel injection pump can occur. This
damage can be excessive scuffing and seizure. Low Lubricity
viscosity may lead to difficult hot restarting, stalling,
and loss of performance. High viscosity may result in Lubricity is the capability of the fuel to prevent pump
seizure of the pump. wear. The lubricity of the fluid describes the ability of
the fluid to reduce the friction between surfaces that
Perkins recommends kinematic viscosities of 1.4 and are under load. This ability reduces the damage that
4.5 cSt that is delivered to the fuel injection pump. If a is caused by friction. Fuel injection systems rely on
fuel with a low viscosity is used, cooling of the fuel the lubricating properties of the fuel. Until fuel sulfur
may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or greater limits were mandated, the lubricity of the fuel was
viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Fuels with a high believed to be a function of fuel viscosity.
viscosity might require fuel heaters in order to lower
the viscosity to 4.5 cSt at the fuel injection pump. The lubricity has particular significance to the current
low viscosity fuel, low sulfur fuel, and low aromatic
Density fossil fuel. These fuels are made in order to meet
stringent exhaust emissions.
Density is the mass of the fuel per unit volume at a
specific temperature. This parameter has a direct The lubricity of these fuels must not exceed wear
influence on engine performance and a direct scar diameter of 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch). The fuel
influence on emissions. This influence determines lubricity test must be performed on an HFRR,
the heat output from a given injected volume of fuel. operated at 60 °C (140 °F). Refer to “ISO 12156-1 ”.
This parameter is quoted in the following kg/m at
15 °C (59 °F). NOTICE
The fuels system has been qualified with fuel having
Perkins recommends a value of density of 841 kg/m lubricity up to 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) wear scar di-
in order to obtain the correct power output. Lighter ameter as tested by “ISO 12156-1 ”. Fuel with higher
fuels are acceptable but these fuels will not produce wear scar diameter than 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) will
the rated power. lead to reduced service life and premature failure of
the fuel system.
Sulfur
The level of sulfur is governed by emissions In case of the fuels which do not meet specified
legislations. Regional regulation, national lubricity requirement appropriate lubricity additive can
regulations, or international regulations can require a be used to enhance the lubricity of the fuel. UMK8276
fuel with a specific sulfur limit. The sulfur content of Perkins Diesel Fuel Conditioner is the approved
the fuel and the fuel quality must comply with all additive refer to “Perkins Diesel Fuel Conditioner, and
existing local regulations for emissions. Perkins”.
Contact your fuel supplier for those circumstances
LSD fuel 0.05 percent (≤ 15 ppm (mg/kg)) sulfur is
when fuel additives are required. Your fuel supplier
strongly recommended for use in these engine
can make recommendations for additives to use and
models. for the proper level of treatment.
ULSD and sulphur fuel diesel fuels are acceptable to
use in all engine models. The lubricity of these fuels Distillation
must not exceed wear scar diameter of 0.46 mm
(0.01811 inch) as per “ISO 12156-1”. Refer to Distillation will give an indication of the mixture of
“Lubricity” for more information. Fuels with sulphur different hydrocarbons in the fuel. A high ratio of light
content higher than 0.05 percent (500 PPM) can be weight hydrocarbons can affect the characteristics of
used where allowed by legislation. combustion.
In some parts of the world and for some applications, Classification of the Fuels
high sulfur fuels above 0.5% by mass might only be
available. Fuel with a high sulfur content can cause Diesel engines have an ability to burn wide variety of
engine wear. High sulfur fuel will have a negative fuels. Below is a list of typically encountered fuel
impact on emissions of particulates. High sulfur fuel specifications that have been assessed as to their
can be used if the local emissions legislation will acceptability and are divided into following
allow the use. High sulfur fuel can be used in categories:
countries that do not regulate emissions.
46 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Group 1: Preferred Fuels Note: Fuels must have minimum viscosity of 1.4 cSt
delivered to the fuel injection pump. Cooling of the
The following fuel specifications are considered fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or greater
acceptable. viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Perkins
recommends that the actual viscosity of the fuel, be
• Fuels that meet the requirements that are listed in measured in order to determine if a fuel cooler is
the table 13 . needed. Refer to “Viscosity”.
• “EN590 - Grades A to F and class 0 to 4” Note: Rated power loss of up to 10 percent is
possible due to lower density and lower viscosity of
• “ASTM D975 Grade No. 1-D and 2-D”
jet fuels compared to diesel fuels.
• “JIS K2204 Grades 1, 2 & 3 & Special Grade 3”
acceptable provided lubricity ware scar diameter Biodiesel Fuel
does not exceed of 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as
per “ISO 12156-1” . Biodiesel is a fuel that can be defined as mono-alkyl
esters of fatty acids. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be
• “BS2869 - Class A2 Off Highway Gas Oil, Red made from various feedstock. The most commonly
Diesel” available biodiesel in Europe is Rape Methyl Ester
(REM). This biodiesel is derived from rapeseed oil.
Note: The lubricity of these fuels must not exceed Soy Methyl Ester (SME) is the most common
wear scar diameter of 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as per biodiesel in the United States. This biodiesel is
derived from soybean oil. Soybean oil or rapeseed oil
“ISO 12156-1” . Refer to “Lubricity”. are the primary feedstocks. These fuels are together
known as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME).
Group 2: Aviation Kerosene Fuels
Raw pressed vegetable oils are NOT acceptable for
Following kerosene and jet fuel specifications are use as a fuel in any concentration in compression
acceptable alternative fuels, and may be used on a engines. Without esterification, these oils may gel in
contingency base for emergency or continuous use, the crankcase and the fuel tank. These fuels may not
where standard diesel fuel is not available and where be compatible with many of the elastomers that are
legislation allows their use: used in engines that are manufactured today. In
original forms, these oils are not suitable for use as a
• “MIL-DTL-83133 NATO F34 (JP-8)”
fuel in compression engines. Alternate base stocks
• “MIL-DTL-83133 NATO F35” for biodiesel may include animal tallow, waste
cooking oils, or various other feedstocks. In order to
• “MIL-DTL-5624 NATO F44 (JP-5)” use any of the products that are listed as fuel, the oil
must be esterified.
• “MIL-DTL-38219 (USAF) (JP7)” Fuel made of 100 percent FAME is generally referred
to as B100 biodiesel or neat biodiesel. Biodiesel can
• “NATO XF63” be blended with distillate diesel fuel. Biodiesel blends
are denoted as "BXX" with "XX" representing the
• “ASTM D1655 JET A” content of neat biodiesel contained in the blend with
mineral diesel fuel. For example (B5, B10, and B20).
• “ASTM D1655 JET A1” The most commonly available biodiesel blends are
B5, which is 5 percent biodiesel and 95 percent
NOTICE distillate diesel fuel.
These fuels are only acceptable when used with ap-
propriate lubricity additive and must meet minimum Note: The percentages given are volume-based. The
requirements that are listed in table 13 . The lubricity U.S. distillate diesel fuel specification “ASTM D975-
of these fuels must not exceed wear scar diameter of 09a” includes up to B5 (5 percent) biodiesel.
0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as per “ISO 12156-1” . Refer
to “Lubricity”. European distillate diesel fuel specification
“EN590:2010” includes up B7 (7 percent) biodiesel.
Note: Minimum cetane number of 40 is Note: Engines that are manufactured by Perkins are
recommended otherwise cold starting problems or certified by use of the prescribed Environmental
light load misfire might occur. Since jet fuel Protection Agency (EPA) and European Certification
specifications do not mention cetane requirements, fuels. Perkins does not certify engines on any other
Perkins recommends that a fuel sample is taken to fuel. The user of the engine has the responsibility of
determine the cetane number. using the correct fuel that is recommended by the
manufacturer and allowed by the EPA and other
appropriate regulatory agencies.
SEBU7833-07 47
Maintenance Section
Specification Requirements Microbial contamination and growth can cause

corrosion in the fuel system and premature plugging
The neat biodiesel must conform to “EN14214” or of the fuel filter. Consult your supplier of fuel for
“ASTM D6751” (in the USA). Specification and can assistance in selecting appropriate antimicrobial
only be blended in mixture of up to 7% by volume in additive.
acceptable distillate diesel fuel. Distillate diesel fuel
used for blending and the final biodiesel bled Water accelerates microbial contamination and
produced must meet requirements in table 13 . Or the growth. When biodiesel is compared to distillate
latest edition of “EN590” or “ASTM D 975” fuels, water is naturally more likely to exist in the
commercial standards. biodiesel. Ensure that you check frequently and if
necessary, drain the water separator.
Higher blend than B7 have not been released for
these engine models. Materials such as brass, bronze, copper, led, tin, and
zinc accelerate the oxidation process of the biodiesel
In North America biodiesel and biodiesel blends must fuel. The oxidation process can cause deposits
be purchased from the BQ-9000 accredited formation therefore these materials must not be used
producers and BQ-9000 certified distributors. for fuel tanks and fuel lines.
In other areas of the world, the use of biodiesel that is Fuel for Cold Weather Operation
BQ-9000 accredited and certified, or that is
accredited and certified by a comparable biodiesel
quality body to meet similar biodiesel quality The European standard “EN590” contains climate
standards is required. dependant requirements and a range of options. The
options can be applied differently in each country.
General Requirements There are five classes that are given to arctic
climates and severe winter climates. 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Biodiesel and biodiesel blends are known to cause
an increase in fuel system deposits, most significant Fuel that complies with “EN590” CLASS 4 can be
of which are deposits within the fuel injector. These used at temperatures as low as −44 °C (−47.2 °F).
deposits can cause a loss in power due to restricted Refer to “EN590” for a detailed discretion of the
or modified fuel injection or cause other functional physical properties of the fuel.
issues associated with these deposits. Perkins The diesel fuel “ASTM D975 1-D” used in the United
T400012 Fuel Cleaner is most effective in cleaning States of America may be used in cold temperatures
and preventing the formation of deposits. Refer to that are below −18 °C (−0.4 °F).
“Perkins Diesel Fuel System Cleaner, and Perkins”
for more information. Perkins UMK8276 Perkins In extreme cold ambient conditions, you may also
Diesel Fuel Conditioner helps to limit deposit issues use Aviation, kerosene fuels specified in “Group 2:
by improving the stability of biodiesel while also Aviation Kerosene Fuels”. These fuels are intended
hindering the production of new deposits. For more to be used in temperatures that can be as low as
information refer to “Perkins Diesel Fuel Conditioner, −54 °C (−65.2 °F). for more information, refer to
and Perkins”. “Group 2: Aviation Kerosene Fuels”for detail and
Diesel fuels blends with FAME are not recommended conditions of use of the aviation kerosene fuels.
in applications that are infrequently used and may be
stored for long periods. Examples are, standby Aftermarket Fuel Additives
generator sets and certain emergency vehicles. This
recommendation is due to FAME having reduced
oxidation stability compared to hydrocarbon diesel. NOTICE
Perkins does not warrant the quality or performance
Use of FAME can result in the formation of acids and
solid precipitates. of non-Perkins fluids and filters.
When auxiliary devices, accessories, or consum-
If biodiesel must be used, then the quality of the fuel
ables (filters, additives) which are made by other
must be tested periodically. In particular the stability
manufacturers are used on Perkins products, the
of the fuel must be tested and comply with EN 15751,
Perkins warranty is not affected simply because of
commonly known as the Rancimat test.
such use.
Perkins strongly recommends that seasonally However, failures that result from the installation
operated engines have the fuel systems, including or use of other manufacturers devices, accesso-
fuel tanks, flushed with conventional diesel fuel ries, or consumables are NOT Perkins defects.
before prolonged shutdown periods. An example of Therefore, the defects are NOT covered under the
an application that should seasonally flush the fuel Perkins warranty.
system is a combine harvester.
Supplemental diesel fuel additives are not
recommended and is due to potential damage to the
fuel system or the engine. Your fuel supplier or the
fuel manufacturer will add the appropriate
supplemental diesel fuel additives.
48 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Perkins recognizes the fact that additives may be • Detergency/dispersancy

required in some special circumstances. Fuel
additives need to be used with caution. Contact your • Moisture dispersancy
fuel supplier for those circumstances when fuel
additives are required. Your fuel supplier can • Corrosion protection
recommend the appropriate fuel additive and the
correct level of treatment. • Cetane (typically 2-3 cetane numbers)
Note: For the best results, your fuel supplier should The diesel fuel conditioner also reduces the
treat the fuel when additives are required. The formation of gums, resins, and sludge, and disperses
insoluble gums.
treated fuel must meet the requirements that are
stated in table 13 . For maximum overall benefits, ask your fuel supplier
to add the fuel conditioner at the recommended treat
Perkins Diesel Fuel System Cleaner rate before fuel delivery. Or you may add the fuel
conditioner at the recommended treat rate during the
Perkins T400012 Fuel Cleaner is the only fuel early weeks of fuel storage.
cleaner that is recommended by Perkins.
If biodiesel or biodiesel blends of fuel are to be used,
Contamination Control
Perkins require the use of Perkins fuel cleaner. For Recommendations for Fuels
more information on the use of biodiesel and
biodiesel blends refer to “Biodiesel Fuel”. Fuels of “ISO 18/16/13” cleanliness level or cleaner
as dispensed into the engine or application fuel tank
Perkins fuel cleaner will remove deposits that can should be used. Reduce power loss, failures, and
form in the fuel system with the use of biodiesel and related down time of engines will result. This
biodiesel blends. These deposits can create a loss of cleanliness level is important for new fuel system
power and engine performance. designs such as common rail injection systems and
unit injection systems. Injection system designs
Once the fuel cleaner has been added to the fuel, the utilize higher fuel pressures and tight clearances
deposits within the fuel system are removed after 30
hours of engine operation. For maximum results, between moving parts in order to meet required
continue to use the fuel cleaner for up to 80 hours. stringent emissions regulations. Peak injection
Perkins fuel cleaner can be used on an on-going pressures in current fuel injection systems may
basis with no adverse impact on engine or fuel exceed 30,000 psi. Clearances in these systems are
system durability. less than 5 µm. As a result, particle contaminants as
small as 4 µm can cause scoring and scratching of
Detailed instructions on the rate of which the fuel internal pump and injector surfaces and of injector
cleaner must be use are on the container. nozzles.
Water in the fuel causes cavitation, corrosion of fuel
Perkins Diesel Fuel Conditioner system parts, and provides an environment where
microbial growth in the fuel can flourish. Other
The UMK8276 Perkins Diesel Fuel Conditioner can sources of fuel contamination are soaps, gels, or
be used in the industrial engines that are associated other compounds that may result from undesirable
with this manual. The diesel fuel conditioner is a chemical interactions in the fuels, particularly in
proprietary metal and ash free formulation that has
ULSD. Gels and other compounds can also form in
been extensively tested for use with distillate diesel
biodiesel fuel at low temperatures or if biodiesel is
fuels for use in Perkins diesel engines. The diesel stored for extended periods. The best indication of
fuel conditioner helps address many of the microbial contamination, fuel additives, or cold
challenges that various fuels worldwide present in temperature gel is rapid filter plugging of bulk fuel
regards to fuel life/stability, engine startability, injector filters or application fuel filters.
deposits, fuel system life, and long-term engine
performance. In order to reduce downtime due to contamination,
follow these fuel maintenance guidelines.
Note: Diesel fuel additives/conditioners may not
improve markedly poor diesel fuel properties enough • Use high-quality fuels per recommended and
to make poor diesel acceptable for use. required specifications
Diesel fuel conditioner is a proven high performance,
multipurpose diesel fuel conditioner that is designed
to improve:
• Fuel economy (through fuel system cleanup)
• Lubricity
• Oxidation stability
SEBU7833-07 49
Maintenance Section
• Fill fuel tanks with fuels of “ISO 18/16/13” Consult your local Perkins distributor for additional
cleanliness level or cleaner, in particular for information on Perkins designed and produced
engines with common rail and unit injection filtration products.
systems. When you refuel the tank, filter the fuel
through a 4 µm absolute filter (Beta 4 = 75 up to i05899606
200) in order to reach the recommended
cleanliness level. This filtration should be located Fluid Recommendations
at the device that dispenses the fuel to the fuel
tank. In addition, filtration at the dispensing point
should remove water to ensure that fuel is
dispensed at 500 ppm water or less. General Coolant Information
• Perkins recommends the use of bulk fuel filter /
coalescer units which clean the fuel of both NOTICE
particulate contamination and water in a single Never add coolant to an overheated engine. Engine
pass. damage could result. Allow the engine to cool first.
• Ensure that you use Perkins Advanced Efficiency

Fuel Filters. Change your fuel filters per NOTICE
recommended service requirements or as needed. If the engine is to be stored in, or shipped to an area
with below freezing temperatures, the cooling system
• Drain your water separators daily . must be either protected to the lowest outside tem-
perature or drained completely to prevent damage.
• Drain your fuel tanks of sediment and water per
the Operation and Maintenance Manual
instructions. NOTICE
Frequently check the specific gravity of the coolant
• Install and maintain a properly designed bulk filter for proper freeze protection or for anti-boil protection.
/ coalescer filtration system. Continuous bulk
filtration systems may be required to ensure that Clean the cooling system for the following reasons:
dispensed fuel meets the cleanliness target.
• Contamination of the cooling system
Consult your Perkins distributor for availability of
bulk filtration products. • Overheating of the engine
• Centrifugal filters may need to be used as a pre- • Foaming of the coolant
filter with fuel that is severely contaminated with
gross amounts of water and/or large particulate
contaminants. Centrifugal filters can effectively NOTICE
Never operate an engine without water temperature
remove large contaminants, but may not be able regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature
to remove the small abrasive particles required to regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the
achieve the recommended “ISO” cleanliness level. proper operating temperature. Cooling system prob-
Bulk filter / coalescers are necessary as a final lems can develop without water temperature
filter in order to achieve the recommended regulators.
cleanliness level.
• Install desiccant type breathers of 4 µm or less Many engine failures are related to the cooling
absolute efficiency with the ability to remove water system. The following problems are related to cooling
on bulk storage tanks. system failures: Overheating, leakage of the water
pump and plugged radiators or heat exchangers.
• Follow proper practices of fuel transportation.
Filtration from the storage tank to the application These failures can be avoided with correct cooling
promotes the delivery of clean fuel. Fuel filtration system maintenance. Cooling system maintenance is
can be installed at each transport stage in order to as important as maintenance of the fuel system and
keep the fuel clean. the lubrication system. Quality of the coolant is as
important as the quality of the fuel and the lubricating
• Cover, protect, and ensure cleanliness of all oil.
connection hoses, fittings, and dispensing Coolant is normally composed of three elements:
nozzles. Water, additives and glycol.
50 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Water • Leakage of the water pump seal

Water is used in the cooling system in order to • Plugging of radiators, coolers, and small passages
transfer heat.
Distilled water or deionized water is
Glycol
recommended for use in engine cooling systems.
Glycol in the coolant helps to provide protection
DO NOT use the following types of water in cooling against the following conditions:
systems: Hard water, softened water that has been
conditioned with salt and sea water. • Boiling
If distilled water or deionized water is not available, • Freezing

use water with the properties that are listed in Table
14 . • Cavitation of the water pump
Table 14
For optimum performance, Perkins recommends a
Acceptable Water 1:1 mixture of a water/glycol solution.
Property Maximum Limit Note: Use a mixture that will provide protection
Chloride (Cl) 40 mg/L against the lowest ambient temperature.
Sulfate (SO4) 100 mg/L Note: 100 percent pure glycol will freeze at a
temperature of −13 °C (8.6 °F).
Total Hardness 170 mg/L
Total Solids 340 mg/L Most conventional antifreezes use ethylene glycol.
Propylene glycol may also be used. In a 1:1 mixture
Acidity pH of 5.5 to 9.0 with water, ethylene and propylene glycol provide
similar protection against freezing and boiling. Refer
to Table 15 and refer to table 16 .
For a water analysis, consult one of the following Table 15
sources:
Ethylene Glycol
• Local water utility company
Concentration Freeze Protection
• Agricultural agent
50 Percent −36 °C (−33 °F)
• Independent laboratory 60 Percent −51 °C (−60 °F)
Additives
Additives help to protect the metal surfaces of the NOTICE
Do not use propylene glycol in concentrations that
cooling system. A lack of coolant additives or exceed 50 percent glycol because of the reduced
insufficient amounts of additives enable the following heat transfer capability of propylene glycol. Use ethyl-
conditions to occur: ene glycol in conditions that require additional protec-
tion against boiling or freezing.
• Corrosion
• Formation of mineral deposits Table 16

Propylene Glycol
• Rust
Concentration Freeze Protection
• Scale
50 Percent −29 °C (−20 °F)
• Foaming of the coolant
To check the concentration of glycol in the coolant,
Many additives are depleted during engine operation. measure the specific gravity of the coolant.
These additives must be replaced periodically.
Additives must be added at the correct concentration. Coolant Recommendations
Over concentration of additives can cause the
inhibitors to drop out-of-solution. The deposits can • ELC Extended Life Coolant
enable the following problems to occur:
• SCA Supplement Coolant Additive
• Formation of gel compounds
• ASTM American Society for Testing and
• Reduction of heat transfer Materials
SEBU7833-07 51
Maintenance Section
The following two coolants are used in Perkins diesel The anti-corrosion package for ELC is different from
engines: the anti-corrosion package for other coolants. ELC is
an ethylene glycol base coolant. However, ELC
Preferred – Perkins ELC contains organic corrosion inhibitors and antifoam
agents with low amounts of nitrite. Perkins ELC has
Acceptable – A commercial heavy-duty antifreeze been formulated with the correct amount of these
additives in order to provide superior corrosion
that meets “ASTM D6210 ” specifications protection for all metals in engine cooling systems.
Adequate – A commercial heavy-duty antifreeze that ELC is available in a premixed cooling solution with
meets “ASTM D4985 ” specifications. Must be distilled water. ELC is a 1:1 mixture. The Premixed
replaced after 1 year. ELC provides freeze protection to −36 °C (−33 °F).
The Premixed ELC is recommended for the initial fill
of the cooling system. The Premixed ELC is also
recommended for topping off the cooling system.
NOTICE
Do not use a commercial coolant/antifreeze that only Containers of several sizes are available. Consult
meets the ASTM D3306 specification. This type of your Perkins distributor for the part numbers.
coolant/antifreeze is made for light automotive
applications.
ELC Cooling System Maintenance
Perkins recommends a 1:1 mixture of water and Correct additions to the Extended Life
glycol. This mixture of water and glycol will provide
optimum heavy-duty performance as an antifreeze. Coolant
This ratio may be increased to 1:2 water to glycol if
extra freezing protection is required. NOTICE
Use only Perkins products for pre-mixed or concen-
A mixture of SCA inhibitor and water is acceptable trated coolants.
but will not give the same level of corrosion, boiling
and, freezing protection as ELC. Perkins Mixing Extended Life Coolant with other products re-
recommends a 6 percent to 8 percent concentration duces the Extended Life Coolant service life. Failure
of SCA in those cooling systems. Distilled water or to follow the recommendations can reduce cooling
deionized water is preferred. Water which has the system components life unless appropriate corrective
recommended properties may be used. action is performed.
Table 17
In order to maintain the correct balance between the
Coolant Service Life antifreeze and the additives, maintain the
recommended concentration of ELC. Lowering the
Coolant Type Service Life (1)
proportion of antifreeze lowers the proportion of
6,000 Service Hours or Three additive. This action will lower the ability of the
Perkins ELC coolant to protect the system from pitting, from
Years
cavitation, from erosion, and from deposits.
Commercial Heavy-Duty Anti-
freeze that meets “ASTM 3000 Service Hours or Two Year
D6210”
NOTICE
Do not use a conventional coolant to top-off a cooling
Commercial Heavy-Duty Anti- system that is filled with Extended Life Coolant
freeze that meets “ASTM 3000 Service Hours or One Year (ELC).
D4985”
Do not use standard supplemental coolant additive
Commercial SCA inhibitor and (SCA).
3000 Service Hours or One Year
Water
(1) Use the interval that occurs first. The cooling system must also When using Perkins ELC, do not use standard SCA's
be flushed out at this time. or SCA filters.
ELC
ELC Cooling System Cleaning
Perkins provides ELC for use in the following
applications: Note: If the cooling system is already using ELC,
cleaning agents are not required. Cleaning agents
• Heavy-duty spark ignited gas engines are only required if the system has been
contaminated by the addition of some other type of
• Heavy-duty diesel engines coolant or by cooling system damage.
• Automotive applications
52 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Clean water is the only cleaning agent that is Note: The cooling system cleaner must be
required when ELC is drained from the cooling thoroughly flushed from the cooling system. Cooling
system. system cleaner that is left in the system will
contaminate the coolant. The cleaner may also
Before the cooling system is filled, the heater control corrode the cooling system.
(if equipped) must be set to the HOT position. Refer
to the OEM in order to set the heater control. After 8. Repeat Steps 6 and repeat steps 7 until the
the cooling system is drained and the cooling system
is refilled, operate the engine until the coolant level system is completely clean.
reaches the normal operating temperature and until 9. Fill the cooling system with the Perkins Premixed
the coolant level stabilizes. As needed, add the
coolant mixture in order to fill the system to the ELC.
specified level.
ELC Cooling System Contamination
Changing to Perkins ELC
NOTICE
To change from heavy-duty antifreeze to the Perkins Mixing ELC with other products reduces the effective-
ELC, perform the following steps: ness of the ELC and shortens the ELC service life.
Use only Perkins Products for premixed or concen-
NOTICE trate coolants. Failure to follow these recommenda-
Care must be taken to ensure that all fluids are con- tions can result in shortened cooling system
tained during performance of inspection, mainte- component life.
nance, testing, adjusting and the repair of the
product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable ELC cooling systems can withstand contamination to
containers before opening any compartment or disas- a maximum of 10 percent of conventional heavy-duty
sembling any component containing fluids. antifreeze or SCA. If the contamination exceeds 10
percent of the total system capacity, perform ONE of
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations the following procedures:
and mandates.
• Drain the cooling system into a suitable container.
Dispose of the coolant according to local
1. Drain the coolant into a suitable container. regulations. Flush the system with clean water. Fill
2. Dispose of the coolant according to local the system with the Perkins ELC.
regulations. • Drain a portion of the cooling system into a
3. Flush the system with clean water in order to suitable container according to local regulations.
remove any debris. Then, fill the cooling system with premixed ELC.
This procedure should lower the contamination to
4. Use an appropriate cleaner to clean the system. less than 10 percent.
Follow the instruction on the label.
• Maintain the system as a conventional Heavy-
5. Drain the cleaner into a suitable container. Flush Duty Coolant. Treat the system with an SCA.
the cooling system with clean water. Change the coolant at the interval that is
recommended for the conventional Heavy-Duty
6. Fill the cooling system with clean water and Coolant.
operate the engine until the engine is warmed to
49° to 66°C (120° to 150°F). Commercial Heavy-Duty Antifreeze and
SCA
NOTICE
Incorrect or incomplete flushing of the cooling system
can result in damage to copper and other metal NOTICE
components. Commercial Heavy-Duty Coolant which contains
Amine as part of the corrosion protection system
To avoid damage to the cooling system, make sure to must not be used.
flush completely the cooling system with clear water.
Continue to flush the system until all the signs of the
cleaning agent are gone.
NOTICE
Never operate an engine without water temperature
7. Drain the cooling system into a suitable container regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature
regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the
and flush the cooling system with clean water. correct operating temperature. Cooling system prob-
lems can develop without water temperature
regulators.
SEBU7833-07 53
Maintenance Section
Check the antifreeze (glycol concentration) in order Table 20

to ensure adequate protection against boiling or Equation For Adding The SCA To The Heavy-Duty Coolant
freezing. Perkins recommends the use of a For Maintenance
refractometer for checking the glycol concentration. A
hydrometer should not be used. V × 0.014 = X
Perkins engine cooling systems should be tested at V is the total volume of the cooling system.
500 hour intervals for the concentration of SCA. X is the amount of SCA that is required.
Additions of SCA are based on the results of the test.
An SCA that is liquid may be needed at 500 hour Table 21 is an example for using the equation that is
intervals. in Table 20 .
Table 21
Adding the SCA to Heavy-Duty Coolant
Example Of The Equation For Adding The SCA To The Heavy-
at the Initial Fill Duty Coolant For Maintenance
Use the equation that is in Table 18 to determine the Total Volume of the Multiplication Amount of SCA
amount of SCA that is required when the cooling Cooling System (V) Factor that is Required
system is initially filled. (X)
Table 18 15 L (4 US gal) × 0.014 0.2 L (7 oz)
Equation For Adding The SCA To The Heavy-Duty Coolant At
The Initial Fill
V × 0.045 = X
Cleaning the System of Heavy-Duty
Antifreeze
V is the total volume of the cooling system.
X is the amount of SCA that is required. • Clean the cooling system after used coolant is
drained or before the cooling system is filled with
new coolant.
Table 19 is an example for using the equation that is
in Table 18 . • Clean the cooling system whenever the coolant is
Table 19 contaminated or whenever the coolant is foaming.
Example Of The Equation For Adding The SCA To The Heavy-
Duty Coolant At The Initial Fill
Total Volume of the Multiplication Amount of SCA

Cooling System (V) Factor that is Required
(X)
15 L (4 US gal) × 0.045 0.7 L (24 oz)
Adding The SCA to The Heavy-Duty

Coolant For Maintenance
Heavy-duty antifreeze of all types REQUIRE periodic
additions of an SCA.
Test the antifreeze periodically for the concentration
of SCA. For the interval, refer to the Operation and
Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval
Schedule” (Maintenance Section). Cooling System
Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA) Test/Add.
Additions of SCA are based on the results of the test.
The size of the cooling system determines the
amount of SCA that is needed.
Use the equation that is in Table 20 to determine the
amount of SCA that is required, if necessary:
54 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Interval Schedule
i08790445 “ Engine Ground - Inspect/Clean“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Maintenance Interval Schedule “ Engine Oil and Filter - Change“. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

“ Fuel System Primary Filter (Water Separator)
Element - Replace“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
When Required “ Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace“. . . . . . . 78
“ Battery - Replace“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 “ Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace“. . . . . . . . . 82
“ Battery or Battery Cable - Disconnect“ . . . . . . . . . 58 “ Radiator - Clean“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
“ Engine - Clean“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Every 1000 Service Hours
“ Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) - Clean/
Replace“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 “ Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust“ . . . . . . . . . . . 71
“ Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) - Every 2000 Service Hours
Inspect/Replace“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
“ Engine Oil Sample - Obtain“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 “ Aftercooler Core - Inspect“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
“ Fuel Injector - Test/Change“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 “ Alternator - Inspect“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
“ Fuel System - Prime“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 “ Engine Mounts - Inspect“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
“ Severe Service Application - Check“ . . . . . . . . . . 83 “ Starting Motor - Inspect“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

“ Turbocharger - Inspect“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Daily
“ Water Pump - Inspect“. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
“ Cooling System Coolant Level - Check“. . . . . . . . 61
“ Driven Equipment - Check“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
“ Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator - Inspect“ . . 67 “ Fuel Injector - Test/Change“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
“ Engine Oil Level - Check“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Every 3000 Service Hours or 2

“ Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator - Years
Drain“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
“ Cooling System Coolant (Commercial Heavy-Duty)
“ Fuel System Secondary Filter/Water Separator - - Change“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Drain“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
“ Walk-Around Inspection“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Every 4000 Service Hours
“ Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Every 50 Service Hours or Weekly
“ Fuel Tank Water and Sediment - Drain“ . . . . . . . . 81 Every 6000 Service Hours or 3
Years
“ Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change“ . . . . . . 60
“ Alternator and Fan Belts - Inspect/Adjust/
Replace“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Every 500 Service Hours or 1 Year

“ Battery Electrolyte Level - Check“ . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
“ Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) - Clean/
Replace“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
“ Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) -
Inspect/Replace“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
SEBU7833-07 55
Maintenance Section
Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test
i02322260
Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test Personal injury can result from air pressure.
Personal injury can result without following prop-
er procedure. When using pressure air, wear a
1. Remove the core. Refer to the OEM information for protective face shield and protective clothing.
the correct procedure.
Maximum air pressure at the nozzle must be less
2. Turn the aftercooler core upside-down in order to than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes.
remove debris.
8. Dry the core with compressed air. Direct the air in
the reverse direction of the normal flow.
Personal injury can result from air pressure. 9. Inspect the core in order to ensure cleanliness.
Pressure test the core. If necessary, repair the
Personal injury can result without following prop- core.
er procedure. When using pressure air, wear a
protective face shield and protective clothing. 10. Install the core. Refer to the OEM information for
the correct procedure.
than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes. 11. After cleaning, start the engine and accelerate the
engine to high idle rpm. This will help in the
3. Pressurized air is the preferred method for removal of debris and drying of the core. Stop the
removing loose debris. Direct the air in the engine. Use a light bulb behind the core in order to
opposite direction of the fan's air flow. Hold the inspect the core for cleanliness. Repeat the
nozzle approximately 6 mm (.25 inch) away from cleaning, if necessary.
the fins. Slowly move the air nozzle in a direction
that is parallel with the tubes. This will remove i02322295
debris that is between the tubes.
4. Pressurized water may also be used for cleaning.
Aftercooler Core - Inspect
The maximum water pressure for cleaning
purposes must be less than 275 kPa (40 psi). Use
pressurized water in order to soften mud. Clean Note: Adjust the frequency of cleaning according to
the core from both sides. the effects of the operating environment.
Inspect the aftercooler for these items: damaged fins,
NOTICE corrosion, dirt, grease, insects, leaves, oil and other
Do not use a high concentration of caustic cleaner to debris. Clean the aftercooler, if necessary.
clean the core. A high concentration of caustic
cleaner can attack the internal metals of the core and For air-to-air aftercoolers, use the same methods that
cause leakage. Only use the recommended concen- are used for cleaning radiators.
tration of cleaner.
5. Back flush the core with a suitable cleaner.

Personal injury can result from air pressure.
6. Steam clean the core in order to remove any
residue. Flush the fins of the aftercooler core. Personal injury can result without following prop-
Remove any other trapped debris. er procedure. When using pressure air, wear a
protective face shield and protective clothing.
7. Wash the core with hot, soapy water. Rinse the
core thoroughly with clean water. Maximum air pressure at the nozzle must be less
than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes.
After cleaning, start the engine and accelerate the

engine to high idle rpm. This will help in the removal
of debris and drying of the core. Stop the engine. Use
a light bulb behind the core in order to inspect the
core for cleanliness. Repeat the cleaning, if
necessary.
56 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Alternator - Inspect
Inspect the fins for damage. Bent fins may be opened

with a “comb”.
Note: If parts of the aftercooler system are repaired

or replaced, a leak test is highly recommended.
Inspect these items for good condition: Welds,
mounting brackets, air lines, connections, clamps
and seals. Make repairs, if necessary.
i02322311
Alternator - Inspect
Perkins recommends a scheduled inspection of the Illustration 31 g03716511

alternator. Inspect the alternator for loose Typical example
connections and correct battery charging. Check the (1) Burroughs Gauge
ammeter (if equipped) during engine operation in
order to ensure correct battery performance and/or Fit the gauge (1) at the center of the longest free
correct performance of the electrical system. Make length and check the tension. The correct tension is
repairs, as required. 535 N (120 lb). If the tension of the belt is below
250 N (56 lb), adjust the belt to 535 N (120 lb).
Check the alternator and the battery charger for
correct operation. If the batteries are correctly If twin belts are installed, check and adjust the
charged, the ammeter reading should be very near tension on both belts.
zero. All batteries should be kept charged. The
batteries should be kept warm because temperature
affects the cranking power. If the battery is too cold, Adjustment
the battery will not crank the engine. When the
engine is not run for long periods of time or if the
engine is run for short periods, the batteries may not
fully charge. A battery with a low charge will freeze
more easily than a battery with a full charge.
i05899714
Alternator and Fan Belts -

Inspect/Adjust/Replace
Inspection
To maximize the engine performance, inspect the
belts for wear and for cracking. Replace belts that are
worn or damaged.
For applications that require multiple drive belts,
replace the belts in matched sets. Replacing only one
belt of a matched set will cause the new belt to carry
more load because the older belt is stretched. The
additional load on the new belt could cause the new
belt to break.
1. Loosen the alternator pivot bolt (2).
If the belts are too loose, vibration causes
unnecessary wear on the belts and pulleys. Loose
belts may slip enough to cause overheating.
To check accurately the belt tension, a suitable
gauge should be used.
SEBU7833-07 57
Maintenance Section
Battery - Replace
The battery cables or the batteries should not be

removed with the battery cover in place. The bat-
tery cover should be removed before any servic-
ing is attempted.
Removing the battery cables or the batteries with
the cover in place may cause a battery explosion
resulting in personal injury.
1. Switch the engine to the OFF position. Remove all

electrical loads.
2. Turn off any battery chargers. Disconnect any
battery chargers.
3. The NEGATIVE “-” cable connects the NEGATIVE
“-” battery terminal to the NEGATIVE “-” terminal
on the starting motor. Disconnect the cable from
the NEGATIVE “-” battery terminal.
Illustration 33 g03716558 4. The POSITIVE “+” cable connects the POSITIVE
“+” battery terminal to the POSITIVE “+” terminal
2. loosen the link bolt (3). Move the alternator in order on the starting motor. Disconnect the cable from
to increase or decrease the belt tension. Tighten the POSITIVE “+” battery terminal.
the alternator pivot bolt and the link bolt to 22 N·m
(16 lb ft).(1). Note: Always recycle a battery. Never discard a
battery. Dispose of used batteries to an appropriate
recycling facility.
Replacement
5. Remove the used battery.
Refer to the Disassembly and Assembly Manual for
the installation procedure and the removal procedure 6. Install the new battery.
for the belt.
Note: Before the cables are connected, ensure that
i02322315 the engine start switch is OFF.
Battery - Replace 7. Connect the cable from the starting motor to the
POSITIVE “+” battery terminal.
8. Connect the NEGATIVE “-” cable to the
NEGATIVE “-” battery terminal.
Batteries give off combustible gases which can i02747977

explode. A spark can cause the combustible
gases to ignite. This can result in severe personal Battery Electrolyte Level -
injury or death.
Check
Ensure proper ventilation for batteries that are in
an enclosure. Follow the proper procedures in or-
der to help prevent electrical arcs and/or sparks
When the engine is not run for long periods of time or
near batteries. Do not smoke when batteries are
serviced. when the engine is run for short periods, the batteries
may not fully recharge. Ensure a full charge in order
to help prevent the battery from freezing. If batteries
are correctly charged, the ammeter reading should
be very near zero, when the engine is in operation.
58 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Battery or Battery Cable - Disconnect
4. Clean all disconnected connection and battery

terminals.
All lead-acid batteries contain sulfuric acid which 5. Use a fine grade of sandpaper to clean the
can burn the skin and clothing. Always wear a
face shield and protective clothing when working terminals and the cable clamps. Clean the items
on or near batteries. until the surfaces are bright or shiny. DO NOT
remove material excessively. Excessive removal
of material can cause the clamps to not fit
1. Remove the filler caps. Maintain the electrolyte
correctly. Coat the clamps and the terminals with a
level to the “FULL” mark on the battery.
suitable silicone lubricant or petroleum jelly.
If the addition of water is necessary, use distilled
6. Tape the cable connections to help prevent
water. If distilled water is not available use clean
accidental starting.
water that is low in minerals. Do not use artificially
softened water. 7. Proceed with necessary system repairs.
2. Check the condition of the electrolyte with a 8. To connect the battery, connect the positive
suitable battery tester. connection before the negative connection.
3. Install the caps.
i05901701
4. Keep the batteries clean.
Clean the battery case with one of the following
Cooling System Coolant
cleaning solutions: (Commercial Heavy-Duty) -
• Use a solution of 0.1 kg (0.2 lb) baking soda
Change
and 1 L (1 qt) of clean water.
• Use a solution of ammonium hydroxide.

NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are con-
Thoroughly rinse the battery case with clean tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
water. nance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product.
Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable contain-
i07819485 ers before opening any compartment or disassem-
bling any component containing fluids.
Battery or Battery Cable - Dispose of all fluids according to Local regulations
Disconnect and mandates.
NOTICE
Keep all parts clean from contaminants.
The battery cables or the batteries should not be Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened
removed with the battery cover in place. The bat- component life.
tery cover should be removed before any servic-
ing is attempted. Clean the cooling system and flush the cooling
system before the recommended maintenance
Removing the battery cables or the batteries with interval if the following conditions exist:
the cover in place may cause a battery explosion
resulting in personal injury. • The engine overheats frequently.
• Foaming is observed.
1. Turn the start switch to the OFF position. Turn the
ignition switch (if equipped) to the OFF position • The oil has entered the cooling system and the
and remove the key and all electrical loads. coolant is contaminated.
2. Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Ensure • The fuel has entered the cooling system and the
that the cable cannot contact the terminal. When coolant is contaminated.
four 12 volt batteries are involved, two negative Note: When the cooling system is cleaned, only
connection must be disconnected. clean water is needed.
3. Remove the positive connection.
SEBU7833-07 59
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant (Commercial Heavy-Duty) - Change
Note: Inspect the water pump and the water For information regarding the disposal and the
temperature regulator after the cooling system has recycling of used coolant, consult your Perkins dealer
been drained. This inspection is a good opportunity or your Perkins distributor.
to replace the water pump, the water temperature
regulator, and the hoses, if necessary. Flush
Drain 1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order
to remove any debris.
2. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug in the
engine. Close the drain cock or install the drain
Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause seri-
ous burns. To open the cooling system filler cap, plug on the radiator.
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system NOTICE
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the Do not fill the cooling system faster than 5 L
pressure. (1.3 US gal) per minute to avoid air locks.
Cooling system air locks may result in engine
1. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool. damage.
Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in
order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling 3. Fill the cooling system with clean water. Install the
system filler cap. cooling system filler cap.
4. Start and run the engine at low idle until the
temperature reaches 49 to 66 °C (120 to 150 °F).
5. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in
order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling
system filler cap. Open the drain cock or remove
the drain plug on the engine. Open the drain cock
or remove the drain plug on the radiator. Allow the
water to drain. Flush the cooling system with clean
water.
Fill
1. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug on the
engine. Close the drain cock or install the drain
plug on the radiator.
NOTICE
Do not fill the cooling system faster than 5 L
(1.3 US gal) per minute to avoid air locks.
Cooling system air locks may result in engine
2. Open the drain cock or remove the drain plug (1) damage.
on the engine. Open the drain cock or remove the
drain plug on the radiator.
2. Fill the cooling system with Commercial Heavy-
Allow the coolant to drain. Duty Coolant. Add Supplemental Coolant Additive
to the coolant. For the correct amount, refer to the
NOTICE Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid
Dispose of used engine coolant or recycle. Various Recommendations” topic (Maintenance Section)
methods have been proposed to reclaim used cool- for more information on cooling system
ant for reuse in engine cooling systems. The full distil-
lation procedure is the only method acceptable by specifications. Do not install the cooling system
Perkins to reclaim the coolant. filler cap.
60 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change
3. Start and run the engine at low idle. Increase the • The fuel has entered the cooling system and the
engine rpm to high idle. Run the engine at high coolant is contaminated.
idle for 1 minute in order to purge the air from the
cavities of the engine block. Stop the engine. Note: When the cooling system is cleaned, only
clean water is needed when the ELC is drained and
4. Check the coolant level. Maintain the coolant level replaced.
within 13 mm (0.5 inch) below the bottom of the
pipe for filling. Maintain the coolant level in the Note: Inspect the water pump and the water
temperature regulator after the cooling system has
expansion bottle (if equipped) at the correct level.
been drained. This inspection is a good opportunity
5. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the to replace the water pump, the water temperature
gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap. If regulator, and the hoses, if necessary.
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap is
damaged, discard the old cooling system filler cap Drain
and install a new cooling system filler cap. If the
gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap is not
damaged, use a suitable pressurizing pump in
order to pressure test the cooling system filler cap. Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause seri-
The correct pressure for the cooling system filler ous burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
cap is stamped on the face of the cooling system components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
filler cap. If the cooling system filler cap does not pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the
retain the correct pressure, install a new cooling pressure.
system filler cap.
6. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for 1. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
leaks and for correct operating temperature. Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in
i05907641 system filler cap.
Cooling System Coolant (ELC)

- Change
NOTICE
tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
nance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product.
ers before opening any compartment or disassem-
Dispose of all fluids according to Local regulations
and mandates.
NOTICE
Keep all parts clean from contaminants.
Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened
component life.
Clean the cooling system and flush the cooling Typical example
system before the recommended maintenance
interval if the following conditions exist: 2. Open the drain cock or remove the drain plug (1)
• The engine overheats frequently. on the engine. Open the drain cock or remove the
drain plug on the radiator.
• Foaming is observed.
Allow the coolant to drain.
• The oil has entered the cooling system and the
coolant is contaminated.
SEBU7833-07 61
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant Level - Check
2. Fill the cooling system with Extended Life Coolant

NOTICE
Dispose of used engine coolant or recycle. Various (ELC). Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
methods have been proposed to reclaim used cool- Manual, “Fluid Recommendations” topic
ant for reuse in engine cooling systems. The full distil- (Maintenance Section) for more information on
lation procedure is the only method acceptable by cooling system specifications. Do not install the
Perkins to reclaim the coolant. cooling system filler cap.
3. Start and run the engine at low idle. Increase the
For information regarding the disposal and the engine rpm to high idle. Run the engine at high
recycling of used coolant, consult your Perkins dealer
or your Perkins distributor. idle for 1 minute in order to purge the air from the
cavities of the engine block. Stop the engine.
Flush 4. Check the coolant level. Maintain the coolant level
within 13 mm (0.5 inch) below the bottom of the
1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order pipe for filling. Maintain the coolant level in the
to remove any debris. expansion bottle (if equipped) at the correct level.
2. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug in the 5. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the
engine. Close the drain cock or install the drain gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap. If
plug on the radiator. the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap is
damaged, discard the old cooling system filler cap
NOTICE and install a new cooling system filler cap. If the
Do not fill the cooling system faster than 5 L
(1.3 US gal) per minute to avoid air locks. gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap is not
damaged, use a suitable pressurizing pump in
Cooling system air locks may result in engine order to pressure test the cooling system filler cap.
damage. The correct pressure for the cooling system filler
cap is stamped on the face of the cooling system
3. Fill the cooling system with clean water. Install the filler cap. If the cooling system filler cap does not
cooling system filler cap. retain the correct pressure, install a new cooling
system filler cap.
4. Start and run the engine at low idle until the
temperature reaches 49 to 66 °C (120 to 150 °F). 6. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for
leaks and for correct operating temperature.
5. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in i08755303
system filler cap. Open the drain cock or remove Cooling System Coolant Level
the drain plug on the engine. Open the drain cock
or remove the drain plug on the radiator. Allow the - Check
water to drain. Flush the cooling system with clean
water.
Engines With a Coolant Recovery
Fill Tank
1. Close the drain cock or install the drain plug on the Note: The cooling system may not have been
engine. Close the drain cock or install the drain provided by Perkins. The procedure that follows, is
plug on the radiator. for typical cooling systems. Refer to the OEM
information for the correct procedures.
NOTICE
Do not fill the cooling system faster than 5 L Check the coolant level when the engine is stopped
(1.3 US gal) per minute to avoid air locks. and cool.
Cooling system air locks may result in engine NOTICE
damage. When any servicing or repair of the engine cooling
system is performed, the procedure must be per-
formed with the engine on level ground. The level en-
gine will allow for an accurate coolant level check and
also help in avoiding the risk of introducing an air lock
into the coolant system.
62 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
1. Observe the coolant level in the coolant recovery Note: The coolant will expand as the coolant heats
tank. Maintain the coolant level to “COLD FULL” up during normal engine operation. The additional
mark on the coolant recovery tank. volume will be forced into the coolant recovery tank
during engine operation. When the engine is stopped
and cool, the coolant will return to the engine.
Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause seri- Engines with Factory Installed
ous burns. To open the cooling system filler cap, Radiators
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system The information that follows, is for engine models
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the DD, DJ, DK, and XK. These engine models have
pressure. factory installed radiators.
2. Loosen filler cap slowly to relieve any pressure.
Remove the filler cap.
3. Pour the correct coolant mixture into the tank.
Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
“Refill Capacities and Recommendations” for
information on the correct mixture and type of
coolant. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Refill Capacities and Recommendations”
for the cooling system capacity. Do not fill the
coolant recovery tank above “COLD FULL” mark.
Filler cap
4. Clean filler cap and the receptacle. Reinstall the

filler cap and inspect the cooling system for leaks.
SEBU7833-07 63
Maintenance Section
Typical example
(1) Maximum coolant level (2) Minimum coolant level
The maximum coolant level corresponds to coolant at

the bottom end of the filler neck (1). The minimum
coolant level corresponds to the bottom of the header
tank (2).
Check periodically for evidence of light-colored
residue around where the coolant overflow pipe
drains. Light-colored residue is an indicator of
overfilling or boiling when in operation.
For radiators that have been replaced due to leak,
Perkins recommends that a coolant sample is
obtained from the existing radiator before the radiator
is replaced. Perkins recommends that the Perkins
Fluid Sampling program is used. Contact your
Perkins distributor or dealer for more information.
Engines Without a Coolant Cooling system filler cap
Recovery Tank
Check the coolant level when the engine is stopped
and cool. Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause seri-
ous burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the
pressure.
64 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Driven Equipment - Check
1. Remove the cooling system filler cap slowly to

NOTICE
relieve pressure. Accumulated grease and oil on an engine is a fire
2. Maintain the coolant level at the maximum mark hazard. Keep the engine clean. Remove debris and
fluid spills whenever a significant quantity accumu-
that is correct for your application. If the engine is lates on the engine.
equipped with a sight glass, maintain the coolant
level to the correct level in the sight glass.
3. Clean the cooling system filler cap and inspect the NOTICE
Failure to protect some engine components from
gasket. If the gasket is damaged, discard the old washing may make your engine warranty invalid. Al-
filler cap and install a new filler cap. If the gasket is low the engine to cool for one hour before washing
not damaged, use a suitable pressurizing pump to the engine.
pressure test the filler cap. The correct pressure is
stamped on the face of the filler cap. If the filler Periodic cleaning of the engine is recommended.
Steam cleaning the engine will remove accumulated
cap does not retain the correct pressure, install a oil and grease. A clean engine provides the following
new filler cap. benefits:
4. Inspect the cooling system for leaks.
• Easy detection of fluid leaks
i08397642 • Maximum heat transfer characteristics
Driven Equipment - Check • Ease of maintenance

Note: Caution must be used to prevent electrical
components from being damaged by excessive water
Refer to the OEM specifications for more information when the engine is cleaned. Do not direct the flow of
on the following maintenance recommendations for water from pressure washers or steam cleaners at
the driven equipment:
any electrical connectors or the junction of cables.
• Inspection Avoid electrical components such as the alternator
and the starter motor. Protect the fuel injection pump
• Adjustment from fluids when washing the engine.
• Lubrication i01915869
• Other maintenance recommendations

Engine Air Cleaner Element
Perform any maintenance for the driven equipment (Dual Element) - Clean/Replace
which is recommended by the OEM.
i07766787
NOTICE
Engine - Clean Never run the engine without an air cleaner element
installed. Never run the engine with a damaged air
cleaner element. Do not use air cleaner elements
with damaged pleats, gaskets or seals. Dirt entering
the engine causes premature wear and damage to
engine components. Air cleaner elements help to pre-
Personal injury or death can result from high vent airborne debris from entering the air inlet.
voltage.
Moisture can create paths of electrical NOTICE
conductivity. Never service the air cleaner element with the engine
running since this will allow dirt to enter the engine.
Make sure that the electrical system is OFF. Lock
out the starting controls and tag the controls “ DO
NOT OPERATE”” .
Servicing the Air Cleaner Elements
Note: The air filter system may not have been
provided by Perkins. The procedure that follows is for
a typical air filter system. Refer to the OEM
information for the correct procedure.
SEBU7833-07 65
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) - Clean/Replace
If the air cleaner element becomes plugged, the air 1. Remove the cover. Remove the primary air cleaner
can split the material of the air cleaner element. element.
Unfiltered air will drastically accelerate internal
engine wear. Refer to the OEM information for the 2. The secondary air cleaner element should be
correct air cleaner elements for your application. removed and discarded for every three cleanings
of the primary air cleaner element.
• Check the precleaner (if equipped) and the dust
bowl daily for accumulation of dirt and debris. Note: Refer to “Cleaning the Primary Air Cleaner
Remove any dirt and debris, as needed. Elements”.
• Operating conditions (dust, dirt and debris) may 3. Cover the air inlet with tape in order to keep dirt
require more frequent service of the air cleaner out.
element.
4. Clean the inside of the air cleaner cover and body
• The air cleaner element should be replaced at with a clean, dry cloth.
least one time per year. This replacement should
be performed regardless of the number of 5. Remove the tape for the air inlet. Install the
cleanings. secondary air cleaner element. Install a primary air
cleaner element that is new or cleaned.
Replace the dirty air cleaner elements with clean air
cleaner elements. Before installation, the air cleaner 6. Install the air cleaner cover.
elements should be thoroughly checked for tears
and/or holes in the filter material. Inspect the gasket 7. Reset the air cleaner service indicator.
or the seal of the air cleaner element for damage.
Maintain a supply of suitable air cleaner elements for Cleaning the Primary Air Cleaner
replacement purposes.
Elements
Dual Element Air Cleaners
NOTICE
The dual element air cleaner contains a primary air Observe the following guidelines if you attempt to
cleaner element and a secondary air cleaner clean the filter element:
element. The primary air cleaner element can be
used up to six times if the element is properly Do not tap or strike the filter element in order to re-
cleaned and properly inspected. The primary air move dust.
cleaner element should be replaced at least one time
per year. This replacement should be performed Do not wash the filter element.
regardless of the number of cleanings. Use low pressure compressed air in order to remove
The secondary air cleaner element is not serviceable the dust from the filter element. Air pressure must not
or washable. Refer to the OEM information for exceed 207 kPa (30 psi). Direct the air flow up the
instructions in order to replace the secondary air pleats and down the pleats from the inside of the filter
cleaner element. When the engine is operating in element. Take extreme care in order to avoid damage
environments that are dusty or dirty, air cleaner to the pleats.
elements may require more frequent replacement.
Do not use air filters with damaged pleats, gaskets,
or seals. Dirt entering the engine will cause damage
to engine components.
Refer to the OEM information in order to determine
the number of times that the primary filter element
can be cleaned. When the primary air cleaner
element is cleaned, check for rips or tears in the filter
material. The primary air cleaner element should be
replaced at least one time per year. This replacement
should be performed regardless of the number of
cleanings.
NOTICE
Do not clean the air cleaner elements by bumping or
tapping. This could damage the seals. Do not use el-
ements with damaged pleats, gaskets or seals. Dam-
aged elements will allow dirt to pass through. Engine
(1) Cover damage could result.
(2) Primary air cleaner element
(3) Secondary air cleaner element
(4) Air inlet
66 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) - Inspect/Replace
Visually inspect the primary air cleaner elements Inspecting the Primary Air Cleaner
before cleaning. Inspect the air cleaner elements for Elements
damage to the seal, the gaskets, and the outer cover.
Discard any damaged air cleaner elements.
There are two common methods that are used to
clean primary air cleaner elements:
• Pressurized air
• Vacuum cleaning
Pressurized Air
Pressurized air can be used to clean primary air
cleaner elements that have not been cleaned more
than two times. Pressurized air will not remove
deposits of carbon and oil. Use filtered, dry air with a
maximum pressure of 207 kPa (30 psi).
Inspect the clean, dry primary air cleaner element.

Use a 60 watt blue light in a dark room or in a similar
facility. Place the blue light in the primary air cleaner
element. Rotate the primary air cleaner element.
Inspect the primary air cleaner element for tears and/
or holes. Inspect the primary air cleaner element for
light that may show through the filter material. If it is
necessary in order to confirm the result, compare the
primary air cleaner element to a new primary air
cleaner element that has the same part number.
Do not use a primary air cleaner element that has
any tears and/or holes in the filter material. Do not
Illustration 40 g00281692 use a primary air cleaner element with damaged
pleats, gaskets or seals. Discard damaged primary
Note: When the primary air cleaner elements are air cleaner elements.
cleaned, always begin with the clean side (inside) in
order to force dirt particles toward the dirty side i02152042
(outside).
Engine Air Cleaner Element
Aim the hose so that the air flows inside the element
along the length of the filter in order to help prevent (Single Element) - Inspect/
damage to the paper pleats. Do not aim the stream of
air directly at the primary air cleaner element. Dirt
Replace
could be forced further into the pleats.
Note: Refer to “Inspecting the Primary Air Cleaner Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Elements”. “Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator-Inspect”.
Vacuum Cleaning NOTICE

Never run the engine without an air cleaner element
Vacuum cleaning is a good method for cleaning installed. Never run the engine with a damaged air
primary air cleaner elements which require daily cleaner element. Do not use air cleaner elements
with damaged pleats, gaskets or seals. Dirt entering
cleaning because of a dry, dusty environment. the engine causes premature wear and damage to
Cleaning with pressurized air is recommended prior engine components. Air cleaner elements help to pre-
to vacuum cleaning. Vacuum cleaning will not vent airborne debris from entering the air inlet.
remove deposits of carbon and oil.
Note: Refer to “Inspecting the Primary Air Cleaner
Elements”. NOTICE
Never service the air cleaner element with the engine
running since this will allow dirt to enter the engine.
SEBU7833-07 67
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator - Inspect
A wide variety of air cleaners may be installed for use • Check the movement of the yellow core when the
with this engine. Consult the OEM information for the engine is accelerated to the engine rated speed.
correct procedure to replace the air cleaner. The yellow core should latch approximately at the
greatest vacuum that is attained.
i01909507
If the service indicator does not reset easily, or if the
yellow core does not latch at the greatest vacuum,
Engine Air Cleaner Service the service indicator should be replaced. If the new
Indicator - Inspect service indicator will not reset, the hole for the service
indicator may be restricted.
The service indicator may need to be replaced
Some engines may be equipped with a different frequently in environments that are severely dusty.
service indicator.
Some engines are equipped with a differential gauge i01941505
for inlet air pressure. The differential gauge for inlet
air pressure displays the difference in the pressure Engine Ground - Inspect/Clean
that is measured before the air cleaner element and
the pressure that is measured after the air cleaner
element. As the air cleaner element becomes dirty,
the pressure differential rises. If your engine is Inspect the wiring harness for good connections.
equipped with a different type of service indicator, Perkins use the starter motor in order to ground the
follow the OEM recommendations in order to service engine. Check the connection on the starter motor at
the air cleaner service indicator.
every oil change. Ground wires and straps should be
The service indicator may be mounted on the air combined at engine grounds. All grounds should be
cleaner element or in a remote location. tight and free of corrosion.
• Clean the grounding stud on the starter motor and
the terminals with a clean cloth.
• If the connections are corroded, clean the
connections with a solution of baking soda and
water.
• Keep the grounding stud and the strap clean and
coated with suitable grease or petroleum jelly.
i07819538
Engine Mounts - Inspect

Typical service indicator Note: The engine mounts may not have been
supplied by Perkins. Refer to the Original Equipment
Observe the service indicator. The air cleaner Manufacturer (OEM) information for further details on
element should be cleaned or the air cleaner element the engine mounts and the correct bolt torque.
should be replaced when one of the following
conditions occur: Inspect the engine mounts for deterioration and for
correct bolt torque. Excessive engine vibration can
• The yellow diaphragm enters the red zone. be caused by the following conditions:
• The red piston locks in the visible position. • Incorrect mounting of the engine
Test the Service Indicator • Deterioration of the engine mounts
Service indicators are important instruments. • Loose engine mounts
• Check for ease of resetting. The service indicator Any engine mount that shows deterioration should be
should reset in less than three pushes. replaced. Refer to the OEM information for the
recommended torques.
68 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Engine Oil Level - Check
When the engine mounts are supplied by Perkins the Note: After the engine has been switched OFF, wait
maintenance procedure will be supplied in the for 10 minutes in order to allow the engine oil to drain
Disassembly and Assembly manual for your engine. to the oil pan. Then, check the oil level.
i05909059 1. Maintain the oil level between the “ADD” mark (Y)
and the “FULL” mark (X) on the engine oil dipstick.
Engine Oil Level - Check Or maintain the engine oil level between the H and
L mark. Do not over fill the crankcase.
NOTICE
Operating your engine when the oil level is above the
“FULL” mark could cause your crankshaft to dip into
Hot oil and hot components can cause personal the oil. The air bubbles created from the crankshaft
injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to dipping into the oil reduces the oil's lubricating char-
contact the skin. acteristics and could result in the loss of power.
2. Remove the oil filler cap and add oil, if necessary.

Clean the oil filler cap. Install the oil filler cap.
i02202699
Engine Oil Sample - Obtain
The condition of the engine lubricating oil may be

checked at regular intervals as part of a preventive
maintenance program. Perkins include an oil
sampling valve as an option. The oil sampling valve
(if equipped) is included in order to regularly sample
the engine lubricating oil. The oil sampling valve is
Illustration 43 g01165836 positioned on the oil filter head or the oil sampling
(Y) “Min” mark. (X) “Max” mark. valve is positioned on the cylinder block.
Perkins recommends using a sampling valve in order
to obtain oil samples. The quality and the consistency
of the samples are better when a sampling valve is
used. The location of the sampling valve allows oil
that is flowing under pressure to be obtained during
normal engine operation.
Obtain the Sample and the

Analysis
Hot oil and hot components can cause personal

injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to
contact the skin.
(L) “Min” mark. (H) “Max” mark. In order to help obtain the most accurate analysis,
record the following information before an oil sample
is taken:
NOTICE
Perform this maintenance with the engine stopped. • The date of the sample
• Engine model
Note: Ensure that the engine is either level or that
the engine is in the normal operating position in order • Engine number
to obtain a true level indication.
• Service hours on the engine
SEBU7833-07 69
Maintenance Section
Engine Oil and Filter - Change
• The number of hours that have accumulated since

the last oil change
• The amount of oil that has been added since the

last oil change
Ensure that the container for the sample is clean and
dry. Also ensure that the container for the sample is
clearly labelled.
To ensure that the sample is representative of the oil
in the crankcase, obtain a warm, well mixed oil
sample.
To avoid contamination of the oil samples, the tools
and the supplies that are used for obtaining oil
samples must be clean.
The sample can be checked for the following: the
quality of the oil, the existence of any coolant in the
oil, the existence of any ferrous metal particles in the
oil and the existence of any nonferrous metal
particles in the oil.
i05907880
Typical example
(1) Drain plug
Engine Oil and Filter - Change (2) Drain valve
After the engine has been run at the normal

operating temperature, stop the engine. Use one of
the following methods to drain the engine crankcase
oil:
Hot oil and hot components can cause personal
injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to • If the engine is equipped with a drain valve (2),
contact the skin. turn the drain valve knob counterclockwise in
order to drain the oil. After the oil has drained, turn
Do not drain the oil when the engine is cold. As the oil the drain valve knob clockwise in order to close
cools, suspended waste particles settle on the the drain valve.
bottom of the oil pan. The waste particles are not
removed with the draining cold oil. Drain the • If the engine is not equipped with a drain valve,
crankcase with the engine stopped. Drain the remove the oil drain plug (1) in order to allow the
crankcase with the oil warm. This draining method oil to drain.
allows the waste particles that are suspended in the
oil to be drained properly. After the oil has drained, the oil drain plugs should be
cleaned and installed. If necessary, renew the O ring
Failure to follow this recommended procedure will seal on the drain plug.
cause the waste particles to be recirculated through
the engine lubrication system with the new oil. Some types of oil pans have oil drain plugs that are
on both sides of the oil pan, because of the shape of
Drain the Engine Oil the pan. This type of oil pan requires the engine oil to
be drained from both plugs.
Note: Ensure that the container that will be used is
large enough to collect the waste oil.
70 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Engine Oil and Filter - Change
Tighten the drain plug to a torque of 34 N·m 4. Install the new oil filter (5). Spin on the oil filter until
(25 lb ft). the O ring contacts the sealing surface (3). Then
rotate the oil filter ¾ of a full turn. Remove the
Replace the Spin-on Oil Filter container and disposal of the waste oil in
accordance with local regulations.
NOTICE
Perkins oil filters are manufactured to Perkins specifi- Fill the Engine Crankcase
cations. Use of an oil filter that is not recommended
by Perkins could result in severe damage to the en- 1. Remove the oil filler cap. Refer to the Operation
gine bearings, crankshaft, etc., as a result of the larg-
er waste particles from unfiltered oil entering the and Maintenance Manual for more information on
engine lubricating system. Only use oil filters recom- lubricant specifications. Fill the crankcase with the
mended by Perkins. proper amount of oil. Refer to the Operation and
Maintenance Manual for more information on refill
capacities.
1. Remove the oil filter (5) with a suitable tool.
NOTICE
If equipped with an auxiliary oil filter system or a re-
mote oil filter system, follow the OEM or filter manu-
facturer's recommendations. Under filling or
overfilling the crankcase with oil can cause engine
damage.
NOTICE
To prevent crankshaft bearing damage, crank the en-
gine with the fuel OFF. This will fill the oil filters before
starting the engine. Do not crank the engine for more
than 30 seconds.
2. Start the engine and run the engine at “LOW IDLE”

for 2 minutes. Perform this procedure in order to
ensure that the lubrication system has oil and that
the oil filters are filled. Inspect the oil filter for oil
leaks.
3. Stop the engine and allow the oil to drain back to
the sump for a minimum of 10 minutes.
Typical example
2. Clean the sealing surface of the oil filter base (3).

Ensure that the union (6) in the oil filter base is
secure and free from damage.
3. Apply clean engine oil to the O ring seal (4) on the
oil filter.
NOTICE (Y) “ADD” mark. (X) “FULL” mark.
Do not fill the oil filters with oil before installing them.
This oil would not be filtered and could be contami-
nated. Contaminated oil can cause accelerated wear 4. Remove the oil level gauge in order to check the oil
to engine components. level. Maintain the oil level between the “ADD” and
“FULL” marks on the engine oil dipstick.
SEBU7833-07 71
Maintenance Section
Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust
Ensure that the engine is stopped before measuring

the valve lash. The engine valve lash can be
inspected and adjusted when the temperature of the
engine is hot or cold.
Refer to Systems Operation/Testing and Adjusting,
“Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust” for more
information.
i02198352
Fuel Injector - Test/Change
“L” Low Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electri-
“H” High cal components can cause a fire.
5. Some dipstick could be marked with a “H” and “L” ,

refer to illustration 48 . Maintain the oil level NOTICE
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly
between “L” and “H” marks on the engine oil level clean the area around a fuel system component that
gauge. Do not fill the crankcase above the “H” will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over discon-
mark. nected fuel system component.
i02171102
NOTICE
Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/ If a fuel injector is suspected of operating outside of
normal parameters it should be removed by a quali-
Adjust fied technician. The suspect fuel injector should be
taken to an authorised agent for inspection.
The fuel injector (1) in illustration 49 has no fuel
This maintenance is recommended by Perkins as
return. The fuel injector (2) has a fuel return.
part of a lubrication and preventive maintenance
schedule in order to help provide maximum engine
life.
NOTICE
Only qualified service personel should perform this
maintenance. Refer to the Service Manual or your au-
thorized Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for
the complete valve lash adjustment procedure.
Operation of Perkins engines with incorrect valve
lash can reduce engine efficiency, and also reduce
engine component life.
Ensure that the engine can not be started while

this maintenance is being performed. To help pre-
vent possible injury, do not use the starting motor
to turn the flywheel.
Hot engine components can cause burns. Allow
additional time for the engine to cool before
measuring/adjusting valve lash clearance.
72 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Fuel System - Prime
Removal and Installation of the

Fuel Injectors
Work carefully around an engine that is running.

Engine parts that are hot, or parts that are mov-
ing, can cause personal injury.
Make sure that you wear eye protection at all

times during testing. When fuel injection nozzles
are tested, test fluids travel through the orifices
of the nozzle tip with high pressure. Under this
amount of pressure, the test fluid can pierce the
skin and cause serious injury to the operator. Al-
ways keep the tip of the fuel injection nozzle
pointed away from the operator and into the fuel
collector and extension.
NOTICE
If your skin comes into contact with high pressure
fuel, obtain medical assistence immediately.
Operate the engine at a fast idle speed in order to
Illustration 49 g01110422 identify the faulty fuel injector. Individually loosen and
Typical fuel Injectors tighten the union nut for the high pressure pipe to
each fuel injector. Do not loosen the union nut more
The fuel injector (1) will need to be removed and the than half a turn. There will be little effect on the
injector will need to be checked for performance. engine speed when the union nut to the faulty fuel
injection nozzle is loosened. Refer to the
The fuel injectors should not be cleaned as cleaning Disassembly and Assembly Manual for more
with incorrect tools can damage the nozzle. The fuel information. Consult your authorized Perkins dealer
injectors should be renewed only if a fault with the or your Perkins distributor for assistance.
fuel injectors occurs. Some of the problems that may
indicate that new fuel injectors are needed are listed i05909104
below:
• The engine will not start or the engine is difficult to

Fuel System - Prime
start.
• Not enough power If air enters the fuel system, the air must be purged
from the fuel system before the engine can be
• The engine misfires or the engine runs erratically. started. Air can enter the fuel system when the
following events occur:
• High fuel consumption
• The fuel tank is empty or the fuel tank has been
• Black exhaust smoke partially drained.
• The engine knocks or there is vibration in the • The low-pressure fuel lines are disconnected.
engine.
• A leak exists in the low-pressure fuel system.
• Excessive engine temperature
• The fuel filter is replaced.
• A new injection pump is installed.
Use one of the following procedures in order to
remove air from the fuel system:
SEBU7833-07 73
Maintenance Section
Fuel System - Prime
NOTICE
Do not crank the engine continuously for more than
30 seconds. Allow the starting motor to cool for two
minutes before cranking the engine again.
Engines with Electric Priming

Pumps
There are many different types of electric priming
pumps. These fuel pumps can be put into two
categories. Remotely mounted fuel priming pump
and secondary fuel filter mounted priming pump.
(1) Typical example of a remotely mounted (2) Typical example of a priming pump
priming pump. mounted on a secondary fuel filter.
Injection Pump Types

There are two different types of fuel injection pump
that can be installed. The Bosch fuel injection pump
and the Delphi fuel injection pump.
Typical example of the Bosch fuel injection pump.
74 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Fuel System - Prime
2. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position and then

start the engine. Operate the engine with no load
for 60 seconds and then shutdown the engine.
3. Wait 30 seconds and start the engine. This
procedure will remove any air that could be
trapped within the fuel injection pump. Check for
leaks in the fuel system.
Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual,
“Starting the Engine” for more information.
Engines with Mechanically

Operated Priming Pumps
Typical example of the Delphi fuel injection pump.
Both fuel injection pumps are self venting.
Priming the Bosch Fuel Injection Pump

1. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position and allow 90
seconds for the electric priming pump to prime the
system.
start the engine. Check for leaks in the fuel
system.
Priming the Delphi Fuel Injection Pump

for a Variable Speed Engine
1. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position and allow
180 seconds for the electric priming pump to prime
the system. Typical example.
2. Turn the keyswitch to the OFF position and then 1. Loosen the vent screw on the secondary fuel filter.
start the engine with the throttle in the closed
position. Operate the engine at idle with no load Note: The fuel priming pump is mechanically
for 60 seconds and then shutdown the engine. operated by the camshaft. In curtain positions the
camshaft lobe can act upon the arm of the fuel
3. Wait 30 seconds and start the engine. This priming pump reducing the hand priming pump ability
procedure will remove any air that could be to prime. This condition will be felt as low resistance
trapped within the fuel injection pump. Check for on the operating arm. Rotating the crankshaft will
leaks in the fuel system. move the camshaft lobe acting on the priming pump
arm. Rotating the camshaft will allow the priming
Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, pump full ability to prime.
2. Operate the lever (1) on the priming pump. When
Priming the Delphi Fuel Injection Pump fuel free from air can be seen, close the vent
for a Constant Speed Engine screw. Tighten vent screw securely.
3. The fuel injection pump will self vent. Turn the
1. Turn the keyswitch to the ON position and allow
keyswitch to the ON position and operate the lever
180 seconds for the electric priming pump to prime
on the priming pump. Operate the pump by hand
the system.
for 2 minutes and then stop.
SEBU7833-07 75
Maintenance Section
Fuel System Primary Filter (Water Separator) Element - Replace

start the engine. Operate the engine with no load
for 60 seconds and then shutdown the engine.
5. Wait 30 seconds and start the engine. This
procedure will remove any air that could be
trapped within the fuel injection pump. Check for
leaks in the fuel system.
i05910440
Fuel System Primary Filter

(Water Separator) Element -
Replace
Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electri-

cal components can cause a fire. To help prevent
possible injury, turn the start switch off when
changing fuel filters or water separator elements.
Clean up fuel spills immediately.
NOTICE Typical example

Ensure that the engine is stopped before any servic-
ing or repair is performed. 3. Hold filter assembly (11) and remove screw (1).
4. Remove lower casing (10) and bowl (8) from
canister (6).
Type 1 Fuel Filter Remove
5. Remove canister (6) from fuel filter base (3).
1. Turn the fuel supply valve (if equipped) to the OFF Separate lower casing (10) from bowl (8).
position before performing this maintenance.
6. Remove O ring seal (2) from screw (1). Remove O
2. Clean the outside of the fuel filter assembly before ring seal (4) from filter base (3) and remove O ring
removal. Install a suitable container below the filter seal (5) from filter base. Discard all old O ring
assembly. Drain the water separator. Refer to seals.
Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System
Primary Filter/Water Separator - Drain” for the 7. Remove O ring seal (7) from bowl (8) and remove
correct procedure. O ring seal (9 ) from lower casing (10). Discard all
old O ring seals.
8. Ensure that the bowl and lower casing are clean
and free from dirt.
Type 1 Fuel Filter Install

Install new O ring seals.
1. Install O ring seal (2) onto screw (1) and install O
ring seal (4) onto filter base. Also, install O ring
seal (5) into filter base.
2. Install O ring (9) into lower casing and install O ring
(7) into bowl.
76 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator - Drain
3. Assemble lower casing (10) to bowl (8), install 5. Install O ring seal (3) onto bowl (4) and install
canister (6) onto bowl assembly. element (2).
4. Install filter assembly (11) into filter base (3) and 6. Install bowl assembly on the filter base. Tighten
install the screw (1). Tighten the setscrew to a bowl assembly to a torque of 8 N·m (70 lb in).
torque of 5 N·m (44 lb in). Remove container and Remove container and discard fluid.
discard fluid.
7. The secondary filter must be replaced at the same
5. The secondary filter must be replaced at the same time as the primary filter. Refer to the Operation
time as the primary filter. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System
and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace”.
Secondary Filter - Replace”.
i05914093
Type 2 Fuel Filter Remove
Fuel System Primary Filter/
1. Turn the fuel supply valve (if equipped) to the OFF
position before performing this maintenance.
Water Separator - Drain
2. Clean the outside of the fuel filter assembly before
removal. Install a suitable container below the filter
assembly. Drain the water separator. Refer to
Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electri-
Primary Filter/Water Separator - Drain” for the cal components can cause a fire. To help prevent
correct procedure. possible injury, turn the start switch off when
NOTICE
The water separator is not a filter. The water separa-
tor separates water from the fuel. The engine should
never be allowed to run with the water separator
more than half full. Engine damage may result.
NOTICE
The water separator is under suction during normal
engine operation. Ensure that the drain valve is tight-
ened securely to help prevent air from entering the
fuel system.
3. Remove filter bowl (4) from filter base (1). Remove

O ring seal (3) and filter element (2). Discard O
ring seal and filter element.
4. Ensure that the filter bowl is clean and free from
dirt.
SEBU7833-07 77
Maintenance Section
Fuel System Secondary Filter/Water Separator - Drain
Typical examples
1. Place a suitable container below the water i06020909

separator.
2. Open the drain (1). Allow the fluid to drain into the
Fuel System Secondary Filter/
container. Water Separator - Drain
3. When clean fuel drains from the water separator
close the drain (1). Tighten the drain by hand
pressure only. Dispose of the drained fluid
correctly.
Typical example
The secondary fuel filter that is shown in illustration

57 has also been designed as a water separator.
1. Place a suitable container below the filter.
78 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace
2. Open the drain (1) and allow fluid to drain from the Remove the Element
filter. When clean fuel can be see close the drain.
Tighten the drain by hand pressure only. Dispose
of the drained fluid in accordance with local
regulations.
i05914153
Fuel System Secondary Filter -

Replace
Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electri-

cal components can cause a fire. To help prevent
possible injury, turn the start switch off when
NOTICE
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly Illustration 58 g03088718
clean the area around a fuel system component that Typical example
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over discon-
nected fuel system component.
1. Install a suitable tube onto drain (4). Open the
There are three different types of secondary fuel drain valve (3). Rotate the drain valve
filters that can be installed. Turn the valves for the counterclockwise. Two full turns are required.
fuel lines (if equipped) to the OFF position before Loosen vent screw (1).
performing this maintenance. Place a tray under the
fuel filter in order to catch any fuel that might spill. 2. Allow the fuel to drain into the container and
Clean up any spilled fuel immediately. remove the tube.
Type 1 Secondary Fuel Filter 3. Tighten the vent screw (1) securely.
4. Remove the filter bowl (2). Rotate the filter
Clean the outside body of the filter assembly. assembly counterclockwise in order to remove the
assembly.
SEBU7833-07 79
Maintenance Section
2. Lubricate the O ring seal (6) with clean engine oil.

Do NOT fill the filter bowl (2) with fuel before the
filter assembly is installed.
3. Do not use a tool in order to install the filter
assembly. Tighten the assembly by hand. Install
the filter bowl (2). Turn the filter bowl clockwise
until the filter bowl locks into position against the
stops.
4. If equipped, turn the fuel supply valve to the ON
position and remove the container.
5. The primary fuel filter and the secondary fuel filter
must be replaced at the same time. Refer to the
Operation and Maintenance Manual , “Fuel
System Primary Filter (Water Separator) Element -
Replace”.
6. Prime the fuel system. Refer to the Operation and
Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System - Prime” for
more information.
Typical example Type 2 Secondary Fuel Filter
5. Rotate the filter element (5) counterclockwise and
remove the filter element. Clean the filter bowl.
Install the Element
Typical example
1. Clean the outside body of the filter assembly.

Install a suitable tube onto drain (2). Rotate the
Illustration 60 g03088837 drain valve (1) counterclockwise. Allow the fuel to
Typical example drain into the container and remove the tube.
1. Locate the thread (7) in the filter element onto the 2. Remove the filter bowl (6) from the filter base (3).
threads (8). Spin on the element and tighten the Press on the element (4). Rotate the element
drain valve (3) by hand. counterclockwise in order to release the element
for the filter bowl and remove the element from the
bowl. Discard the used element.
80 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section

more information.
Type 3 Spin - On Fuel Filter
Typical example
3. Remove the O ring (5) from the filter bowl and

clean the filter bowl.
4. Install a new O ring seal (5) to the filter bowl (6).
5. Locate a new filter element (4) into the filter bowl. Typical example
Press on the element and rotate the element
clockwise in order to lock the element into the filter 1. Clean the outside body of the filter assembly.
bowl. Install a suitable tube onto drain (2). Rotate the
drain valve (1) counterclockwise. Allow the fuel to
6. Install the filter bowl (6) into filter base (3).
drain into the container and remove the tube.
7. Tighten the filter bowl by hand until the filter bowl Ensure that the fuel drain (2) on the new spin-on
contacts the filter head. Rotate the filter bowl filter is closed.
through 90 degrees.
Note: Do not use a tool to tighten the filter bowl.
8. If equipped, turn the fuel supply valve to the ON

position and remove the container.
9. The primary fuel filter and the secondary fuel filter
must be replaced at the same time. Refer to the
System Primary Filter (Water Separator) Element -
Replace”.
SEBU7833-07 81
Maintenance Section
Fuel Tank Water and Sediment - Drain

more information.
i02335436
Fuel Tank Water and Sediment

- Drain
NOTICE
tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
nance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product.
ers before opening any compartment or disassem-
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations
and mandates.
Typical example Fuel Tank
2. Use a suitable tool in order to remove the spin-on Fuel quality is critical to the performance and to the
filter (5) from the filter base (3). service life of the engine. Water in the fuel can cause
excessive wear to the fuel system.
3. Lubricate the sealing ring (4) with clean engine oil.
Water can be introduced into the fuel tank when the
4. Install the spin-on filter (5) into filter base (1). fuel tank is being filled.
5. Tighten the spin-on filter by hand until the sealing Condensation occurs during the heating and cooling
ring contacts the filter head. Rotate the spin-on of fuel. The condensation occurs as the fuel passes
filter through 90 degrees. through the fuel system and the fuel returns to the
fuel tank. This causes water to accumulate in fuel
6. If equipped, turn the fuel supply valve to the ON tanks. Draining the fuel tank regularly and obtaining
position and remove the container. fuel from reliable sources can help to eliminate water
in the fuel.
7. The primary fuel filter the secondary fuel filter must
be replaced at the same time. Refer to the
Drain the Water and the Sediment
System Primary Filter (Water Separator) Element - Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining
Replace”. water and draining sediment from the bottom of the
fuel tanks.
Open the drain valve on the bottom of the fuel tank in
order to drain the water and the sediment. Close the
drain valve.
Check the fuel daily. Allow five minutes after the fuel
tank has been filled before draining water and
sediment from the fuel tank.
Fill the fuel tank after operating the engine in order to
drive out moist air. This will help prevent
condensation. Do not fill the tank to the top. The fuel
expands as the fuel gets warm. The tank may
overflow.
82 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace
Some fuel tanks use supply pipes that allow water • Exposed wire that is used for reinforcement
and sediment to settle below the end of the fuel
supply pipe. Some fuel tanks use supply lines that • Outer covering that is ballooning locally
take fuel directly from the bottom of the tank. If the
engine is equipped with this system, regular • Flexible part of the hose that is kinked or crushed
maintenance of the fuel system filter is important.
• Armoring that is embedded in the outer covering
Fuel Storage Tanks A constant torque hose clamp can be used in place
of any standard hose clamp. Ensure that the constant
Drain the water and the sediment from the fuel torque hose clamp is the same size as the standard
storage tank at the following intervals: clamp.
• Weekly Due to extreme temperature changes, the hose will
harden. Hardening of the hoses will cause hose
• Service intervals clamps to loosen. This can result in leaks. A constant
torque hose clamp will help to prevent loose hose
• Refill of the tank clamps.
This will help prevent water or sediment from being Each installation application can be different. The
pumped from the storage tank into the engine fuel differences depend on the following factors:
tank.
If a bulk storage tank has been refilled or moved • Type of hose
recently, allow adequate time for the sediment to
settle before filling the engine fuel tank. Internal • Type of fitting material
baffles in the bulk storage tank will also help trap
• Anticipated expansion and contraction of the hose
sediment. Filtering fuel that is pumped from the
storage tank helps to ensure the quality of the fuel. • Anticipated expansion and contraction of the
When possible, water separators should be used.
fittings
i02813964
Replace the Hoses and the Clamps
Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/ Refer to the OEM information for further information
Replace on removing and replacing fuel hoses (if equipped).
The coolant system and the hoses for the coolant
system are not usually supplied by Perkins. The
Inspect all hoses for leaks that are caused by the following text describes a typical method of replacing
following conditions: coolant hoses. Refer to the OEM information for
further information on the coolant system and the
• Cracking hoses for the coolant system.
• Softness
• Loose clamps
Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause seri-
Replace hoses that are cracked or soft. Tighten any ous burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
loose clamps. stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
NOTICE pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the
Do not bend or strike high pressure lines. Do not in- pressure.
stall bent or damaged lines, tubes or hoses. Repair
any loose or damaged fuel and oil lines, tubes and
1. Stop the engine. Allow the engine to cool.
hoses. Leaks can cause fires. Inspect all lines, tubes
and hoses carefully. Tighten all connections to the 2. Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in order
recommended torque. Do not clip any other item to to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling
the high pressure lines.
system filler cap.
Check for the following conditions: Note: Drain the coolant into a suitable, clean
container. The coolant can be reused.
• End fittings that are damaged or leaking
3. Drain the coolant from the cooling system to a
• Outer covering that is chafed or cut level that is below the hose that is being replaced.
SEBU7833-07 83
Maintenance Section
Radiator - Clean
4. Remove the hose clamps. Use a degreaser and steam for removal of oil and
grease. Clean both sides of the core. Wash the core
5. Disconnect the old hose. with detergent and hot water. Thoroughly rinse the
core with clean water.
6. Replace the old hose with a new hose.
If the radiator is blocked internally, refer to the OEM
7. Install the hose clamps with a torque wrench.
Manual for information regarding flushing the cooling
Note: For the correct coolant, see this Operation and system.
Maintenance Manual, “Fluid Recommendations”. After cleaning the radiator, start the engine. Allow the
engine to operate at low idle speed for three to five
8. Refill the cooling system. Refer to the OEM minutes. Accelerate the engine to high idle. This will
information for further information on refilling the help in the removal of debris and the drying of the
cooling system. core. Slowly reduce the engine speed to low idle and
then stop the engine. Use a light bulb behind the core
9. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the in order to inspect the core for cleanliness. Repeat
cooling system filler cap's seals. Replace the the cleaning, if necessary.
cooling system filler cap if the seals are damaged.
Install the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the fins for damage. Bent fins may be opened
with a “comb”. Inspect these items for good condition:
10. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for Welds, mounting brackets, air lines, connections,
leaks. clamps and seals. Make repairs, if necessary.
i02335774 i02335775
Radiator - Clean Severe Service Application -

Check
The radiator is not usually supplied by Perkins. The
following text describes a typical cleaning procedure
Severe service is the application of an engine that
for the radiator. Refer to the OEM information for
further information on cleaning the radiator. exceeds the current published standards for that
engine. Perkins maintains standards for the following
Note: Adjust the frequency of cleaning according to engine parameters:
the effects of the operating environment.
• Performance such as power range, speed range,
Inspect the radiator for these items: Damaged fins, and fuel consumption
corrosion, dirt, grease, insects, leaves, oil and other
debris. Clean the radiator, if necessary. • Fuel quality
• Operational Altitude
• Maintenance intervals
Personal injury can result from air pressure.
• Oil selection and maintenance
Personal injury can result without following prop-
er procedure. When using pressure air, wear a • Coolant type and maintenance
protective face shield and protective clothing.
• Environmental qualities
than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes. • Installation
• The temperature of the fluid in the engine
Pressurized air is the preferred method for removing
loose debris. Direct the air in the opposite direction to Refer to the standards for the engine or consult your
the fan's air flow. Hold the nozzle approximately Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor in order to
6 mm (0.25 inch) away from the radiator fins. Slowly determine if the engine is operating within the defined
move the air nozzle in a direction that is parallel with parameters.
the radiator tube assembly. This will remove debris
that is between the tubes. Severe service operation can accelerate component
wear. Engines that operate under severe conditions
Pressurized water may also be used for cleaning. may need more frequent maintenance intervals in
The maximum water pressure for cleaning purposes order to ensure maximum reliability and retention of
must be less than 275 kPa (40 psi). Use pressurized full service life.
water in order to soften mud. Clean the core from
both sides.
84 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Starting Motor - Inspect
Due to individual applications, it is not possible to Check the starting motor for correct operation. Check
identify all of the factors which can contribute to the electrical connections and clean the electrical
severe service operation. Consult your Perkins connections. Refer to the Systems Operation, Testing
dealer or your Perkins distributor for the unique and Adjusting Manual, “Electric Starting System -
maintenance that is necessary for the engine. Test” for more information on the checking procedure
and for specifications consult your Perkins dealer or
The operating environment, incorrect operating your Perkins distributor for assistance.
procedures and incorrect maintenance procedures
can be factors which contribute to a severe service i02184788
application.
Environmental Factors
Turbocharger - Inspect
(If Equipped)
Ambient temperatures – The engine may be
exposed to extended operation in extremely cold
environments or hot environments. Valve
components can be damaged by carbon buildup if A regular visual inspection of the turbocharger is
the engine is frequently started and stopped in very recommended. Any fumes from the crankcase are
cold temperatures. Extremely hot intake air reduces filtered through the air inlet system. Therefore, by-
engine performance. products from oil and from combustion can collect in
the turbocharger compressor housing. Over time, this
Quality of the air – The engine may be exposed to buildup can contribute to loss of engine power,
extended operation in an environment that is dirty or increased black smoke and overall loss of engine
dusty, unless the equipment is cleaned regularly. efficiency.
Mud, dirt and dust can encase components.
Maintenance can be very difficult. The buildup can If the turbocharger fails during engine operation,
contain corrosive chemicals. damage to the turbocharger compressor wheel and/
or to the engine may occur. Damage to the
Buildup – Compounds, elements, corrosive turbocharger compressor wheel can cause additional
chemicals and salt can damage some components. damage to the pistons, the valves, and the cylinder
head.
Altitude – Problems can arise when the engine is
operated at altitudes that are higher than the
intended settings for that application. Necessary NOTICE
adjustments should be made. Turbocharger bearing failures can cause large quan-
tities of oil to enter the air intake and exhaust sys-
tems. Loss of engine lubricant can result in serious
engine damage.
Incorrect Operating Procedures
Minor leakage of oil into a turbocharger under ex-
• Extended operation at low idle tended low idle operation should not cause problems
as long as a turbocharger bearing failure has not
• Frequent hot shutdowns occured.
• Operating at excessive loads When a turbocharger bearing failure is accompanied
by a significant engine performance loss (exhaust
• Operating at excessive speeds smoke or engine rpm up at no load), do not continue
engine operation until the turbocharger is renewed.
• Operating outside the intended application
A visual inspection of the turbocharger can minimize
Incorrect Maintenance Procedures unscheduled downtime. A visual inspection of the
turbocharger can also reduce the chance for potential
• Extending the maintenance intervals damage to other engine parts.
• Failure to use recommended fuel, lubricants and
coolant/antifreeze Removal and Installation
i07888480
Note: The turbochargers that are supplied are
nonserviceable.
Starting Motor - Inspect
Perkins recommends a scheduled inspection of the

starting motor. If the starting motor fails, the engine
may not start in an emergency situation.
SEBU7833-07 85
Maintenance Section
Walk-Around Inspection
For options regarding the removal, installation, and • The guards must be in the correct place. Repair
replacement, consult your Perkins dealer or your damaged guards or replace missing guards.
Perkins distributor. Refer to the Disassembly and
Assembly Manual, “Turbocharger - Remove and • Wipe all caps and plugs before the engine is
Turbocharger - Install” for further information. serviced in order to reduce the chance of system
contamination.
Inspecting
NOTICE
For any type of leak (coolant, lube, or fuel) clean up
NOTICE the fluid. If leaking is observed, find the source and
The compressor housing for the turbocharger must
correct the leak. If leaking is suspected, check the flu-
not be removed from the turbocharger for cleaning.
id levels more often than recommended until the leak
The actuator linkage is connected to the compressor is found or fixed, or until the suspicion of a leak is
proved to be unwarranted.
housing. If the actuator linkage is moved or disturbed
the engine may not comply with emmissions
legislation.
NOTICE
Accumulated grease and/or oil on an engine is a fire
1. Remove the pipe from the turbocharger exhaust hazard. Remove the accumulated grease and oil. Re-
outlet and remove the air intake pipe to the fer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “En-
turbocharger. Visually inspect the piping for the gine - Clean” for more information.
presence of oil. Clean the interior of the pipes in
order to prevent dirt from entering during • Ensure that the cooling system hoses are correctly
reassembly. clamped and that the cooling system hoses are
tight. Check for leaks. Check the condition of all
2. Check for the presence of oil. If oil is leaking from
pipes.
the back side of the compressor wheel, there is a
possibility of a failed turbocharger oil seal. • Inspect the water pump for coolant leaks.
The presence of oil may be the result of extended Note: The water pump seal is lubricated by the
engine operation at low idle. The presence of oil coolant in the cooling system. It is normal for a small
may also be the result of a restriction of the line for amount of leakage to occur as the engine cools down
the intake air (clogged air filters), which causes the and the parts contract.
turbocharger to slobber.
Excessive coolant leakage may indicate the need to
3. Inspect the bore of the housing of the turbine outlet replace the water pump seal. For the removal of the
for corrosion. water pump and the installation of water pump and/or
seal, refer to the Disassembly and Assembly Manual,
4. Fasten the air intake pipe and the exhaust outlet “Water Pump - Remove and Install” for more
pipe to the turbocharger housing. information or consult your Perkins dealer or your
Perkins distributor.
i02177973
• Inspect the lubrication system for leaks at the front
crankshaft seal, the rear crankshaft seal, the oil
Walk-Around Inspection pan, the oil filters and the rocker cover.
• Inspect the fuel system for leaks. Look for loose
fuel line clamps and/or tie-wraps.
Inspect the Engine for Leaks and
for Loose Connections • Inspect the piping for the air intake system and the
elbows for cracks and for loose clamps. Ensure
A walk-around inspection should only take a few that hoses and tubes are not contacting other
minutes. When the time is taken to perform these hoses, tubes, wiring harnesses, etc.
checks, costly repairs and accidents can be avoided.
• Inspect the alternator belts and any accessory
For maximum engine service life, make a thorough drive belts for cracks, breaks or other damage.
inspection of the engine compartment before starting
the engine. Look for items such as oil leaks or Belts for multiple groove pulleys must be replaced as
coolant leaks, loose bolts, worn belts, loose matched sets. If only one belt is replaced, the belt will
connections and trash buildup. Make repairs, as carry more load than the belts that are not replaced.
needed: The older belts are stretched. The additional load on
the new belt could cause the belt to break.
86 SEBU7833-07
Maintenance Section
Water Pump - Inspect
• Drain the water and the sediment from the fuel

tank on a daily basis in order to ensure that only
clean fuel enters the fuel system.
• Inspect the wiring and the wiring harnesses for

loose connections and for worn wires or frayed
wires.
• Inspect the ground strap for a good connection

and for good condition.
• Disconnect any battery chargers that are not

protected against the current drain of the starting
motor. Check the condition and the electrolyte
level of the batteries, unless the engine is
equipped with a maintenance free battery.
• Check the condition of the gauges. Replace any
gauges that are cracked. Replace any gauge that
can not be calibrated.
i01907756
Water Pump - Inspect
A failed water pump may cause severe engine

overheating problems that could result in the
following conditions:
• Cracks in the cylinder head
• A piston seizure
• Other potential damage to the engine
Note: The water pump seal is lubricated by the

coolant in the cooling system. It is normal for a small
amount of leakage to occur as the engine cools down
and parts contract.
Visually inspect the water pump for leaks. Renew the
water pump seal or the water pump if there is an
excessive leakage of coolant. Refer to the
Disassembly and Assembly Manual, “Water Pump -
Remove and Install” for the disassembly and
assembly procedure.
SEBU7833-07 87
Warranty Section
Warranty Information
Warranty Section
Warranty Information
i06590874
Emissions Warranty
Information
This engine may be certified to comply with exhaust

emission and gaseous emission standards that are
prescribed by the law at the time of manufacture.
This engine may be covered by an Emissions
Warranty. Consult your authorized Perkins dealer or
distributor to determine if your engine is emissions
certified and if your engine is subject to an Emissions
Warranty.
88 SEBU7833-07
Index Section
Index
A D
After Starting Engine ....................................... 31 Driven Equipment - Check .............................. 64
After Stopping Engine ..................................... 33
Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test.......................... 55 E
Aftercooler Core - Inspect ............................... 55
Alternator - Inspect .......................................... 56 Electrical System............................................. 15
Alternator and Fan Belts - Inspect/Adjust/ Grounding Practices .................................... 15
Replace ......................................................... 56 Emergency Stopping....................................... 33
Adjustment................................................... 56 Emissions Certification Film ............................ 23
Inspection .................................................... 56 Label for compliant engines......................... 23
Replacement................................................ 57 Label for engines that comply with MSHA
emissions ................................................... 24
Label for engines that do not comply with
B
emissions ................................................... 25
Battery - Replace............................................. 57 Emissions Warranty Information ..................... 87
Battery Electrolyte Level - Check .................... 57 Engine - Clean................................................. 64
Battery or Battery Cable - Disconnect............. 58 Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element)
Before Starting Engine .............................. 13, 29 - Clean/Replace............................................. 64
Burn Prevention................................................11 Cleaning the Primary Air Cleaner
Batteries........................................................11 Elements .................................................... 65
Coolant .........................................................11 Servicing the Air Cleaner Elements............. 64
Diesel Fuel ....................................................11 Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single
Oils................................................................11 Element) - Inspect/Replace ........................... 66
Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator -
C Inspect ........................................................... 67
Test the Service Indicator ............................ 67
Cold Weather Operation ................................. 34 Engine Description .......................................... 19
Hints for Cold Weather Operation ............... 34 Engine Cooling and Lubrication .................. 20
Idling the Engine .......................................... 35 Engine Service Life...................................... 21
Recommendations for Coolant Warm Up.... 35 Engine Specifications .................................. 19
Recommendations for the Coolant.............. 35 Engine Ground - Inspect/Clean....................... 67
Viscosity of the Engine Lubrication Oil ........ 35 Engine Identification........................................ 22
Cold Weather Starting ..................................... 30 Engine Lifting................................................... 26
Cooling System Coolant (Commercial Engine Mounts - Inspect.................................. 67
Heavy-Duty) - Change................................... 58 Engine Oil and Filter - Change ........................ 69
Drain ............................................................ 59 Drain the Engine Oil..................................... 69
Fill ................................................................ 59 Fill the Engine Crankcase............................ 70
Flush ............................................................ 59 Replace the Spin-on Oil Filter...................... 70
Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change ....... 60 Engine Oil Level - Check................................. 68
Drain ............................................................ 60 Engine Oil Sample - Obtain............................. 68
Fill ................................................................ 61 Obtain the Sample and the Analysis ........... 68
Flush ............................................................ 61 Engine Operation ............................................ 32
Cooling System Coolant Level - Check........... 61 Engine Starting.......................................... 14, 29
Engines With a Coolant Recovery Tank ...... 61 Engine Stopping ........................................ 14, 33
Engines with Factory Installed Radiators .... 62 Engine Storage................................................ 27
Engines Without a Coolant Recovery Condition for Storage................................... 27
Tank............................................................ 63 Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust................. 71
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention.. 13 Engine Warm-up ............................................. 32
SEBU7833-07 89
Index Section
Variable Speed Engine ................................ 32 Type 3 Spin - On Fuel Filter ......................... 80

Fuel System Secondary Filter/Water
F Separator - Drain ........................................... 77
Fuel Tank Water and Sediment - Drain ........... 81
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention.......11 Drain the Water and the Sediment .............. 81
Ether ............................................................ 13 Fuel Storage Tanks...................................... 82
Fire Extinguisher.......................................... 13 Fuel Tank ..................................................... 81
Lines, Tubes, and Hoses ............................. 13
Fluid Recommendations ........................... 39, 49
G
ELC Cooling System Maintenance.............. 51
Engine Oil .................................................... 39 Gauges and Indicators .................................... 28
General Coolant Information ....................... 49 General Hazard Information.............................. 7
General Lubricant Information..................... 39 Containing Fluid Spillage............................... 9
Fluid Recommendations (Fuel Fluid Penetration ........................................... 8
Recommendations) ....................................... 42 Inhalation ....................................................... 9
Contamination Control Recommendations for Pressure Air and Water ................................. 8
Fuels .......................................................... 48 Static Electricity Hazard when Fueling with
Diesel Fuel Characteristics.......................... 44 Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Fuel ......................... 9
Diesel Fuel Requirements ........................... 42
General Information..................................... 42 H
Foreword ........................................................... 4
California Proposition 65 Warning ................. 4 Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace............. 82
Literature Information .................................... 4 Replace the Hoses and the Clamps ............ 82
Maintenance .................................................. 4
Maintenance Intervals ................................... 5 I
Operation ....................................................... 4
Important Safety Information............................. 2
Overhaul ........................................................ 5
Safety............................................................. 4
Fuel and the Effect from Cold Weather ........... 36 L
Fuel Conservation Practices ........................... 32 Lifting and Storage .......................................... 26
Fuel Injector - Test/Change ............................. 71
Removal and Installation of the Fuel
M
Injectors ..................................................... 72
Fuel Related Components in Cold Weather ... 37 Maintenance Interval Schedule....................... 54
Fuel Filters ................................................... 37 Daily ............................................................. 54
Fuel Heaters ................................................ 37 Every 1000 Service Hours........................... 54
Fuel Tanks ................................................... 37 Every 2000 Service Hours........................... 54
Fuel System - Prime ........................................ 72 Every 3000 Service Hours........................... 54
Engines with Electric Priming Pumps.......... 73 Every 3000 Service Hours or 2 Years ......... 54
Engines with Mechanically Operated Priming Every 4000 Service Hours........................... 54
Pumps ........................................................ 74 Every 50 Service Hours or Weekly.............. 54
Fuel System Primary Filter (Water Every 500 Service Hours ............................. 54
Separator) Element - Replace....................... 75 Every 500 Service Hours or 1 Year ............. 54
Type 1 Fuel Filter Remove........................... 75 Every 6000 Service Hours or 3 Years ......... 54
Type 2 Fuel Filter Remove........................... 76 When Required............................................ 54
Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Maintenance Section....................................... 38
Separator - Drain ........................................... 76 Model View Illustrations .................................. 16
Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace ........ 78 1103 Engine Model Views ........................... 18
Install the Element ....................................... 79 1104 Engine Model Views ........................... 16
Type 1 Secondary Fuel Filter....................... 78 Model Views .................................................... 16
Type 2 Secondary Fuel Filter....................... 79 Mounting and Dismounting ............................. 13
90 SEBU7833-07
Index Section
O
Operation Section............................................ 26
P
Product Identification Information ................... 22
Product Information Section............................ 16
R
Radiator - Clean .............................................. 83
Reference Numbers ........................................ 22
Record for Reference .................................. 22
Refill Capacities............................................... 38
Cooling System............................................ 38
Lubrication System ...................................... 38
S
Safety Messages............................................... 6
(1) Universal Warning .................................... 6
(2) Ether ......................................................... 6
Safety Section ................................................... 6
Serial Number Plate ........................................ 22
Severe Service Application - Check................ 83
Environmental Factors................................. 84
Incorrect Maintenance Procedures ............. 84
Incorrect Operating Procedures .................. 84
Starting Motor - Inspect ................................... 84
Starting the Engine.......................................... 29
Starting with Jump Start Cables...................... 30
Stopping the Engine ........................................ 33
T
Table of Contents .............................................. 3
Turbocharger - Inspect (If Equipped) .............. 84
Inspecting .................................................... 85
Removal and Installation ............................. 84
W
Walk-Around Inspection .................................. 85
Inspect the Engine for Leaks and for Loose
Connections ............................................... 85
Warranty Information....................................... 87
Warranty Section............................................. 87
Water Pump - Inspect...................................... 86
Product and Dealer Information
Note: For product identification plate locations, see the section “Product Identification Information” in the Operation
and Maintenance Manual.
Delivery Date:
Product Information
Model:
Product Identification Number:
Engine Serial Number:
Transmission Serial Number:
Generator Serial Number:
Attachment Serial Numbers:
Attachment Information:
Customer Equipment Number:
Dealer Equipment Number:
Dealer Information
Name: Branch:
Address:
Dealer Contact Phone Number Hours
Sales:
Parts:
Service:
SEBU7833
©2022 Perkins Engines Company Limited
All Rights Reserved
92 March 2022

Perkins 1103,1104 Industrial Engine Opp and Main Manual

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SEBU7833-07 (en-us)

The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:

When replacement parts are required for this

Table of Contents Warranty Section

Safety Section Index Section

General Hazard Information.............................. 7

Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention.......11

Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention.. 13

Mounting and Dismounting ............................. 13

Before Starting Engine .................................... 13

Engine Stopping .............................................. 14

Product Information Section

Model Views .................................................... 16

Product Identification Information ................... 22

Lifting and Storage .......................................... 26

Gauges and Indicators .................................... 28

Engine Operation ............................................ 32

Engine Stopping .............................................. 33

Cold Weather Operation ................................. 34

Maintenance Interval Schedule....................... 54

Foreword Some photographs or illustrations in this manual

WARNING – This product can Safety

Wash hands after handling components Maintenance

The maintenance schedule items are organized for a

There may be several specific warning signs on an

(1) Universal Warning

Do not operate or work on this equipment unless

Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as

The ether warning label (2) is located on the cover of

The universal warning label (1) is located at the rear

General Hazard Information

Attach a “Do Not Operate” warning tag or a similar

Start the engine from the operators station (cab).

Do not allow unauthorized personnel on the Fluid Penetration

Obey all local regulations for the disposal of liquids.

Static Electricity Hazard when

Containing Fluid Spillage

Hexavalent Chromium Use caution. Avoid inhaling dust that might be

Always use leakproof containers when you drain Batteries

• Outer covers have embedded armoring.

Always start the engine according to the procedure

Start the engine from the operator's compartment or

Never disconnect any charging unit circuit or battery

Model View Illustrations

The following model views show typical features of

1104 Engine Model Views

1103 Engine Model Views

Bore 105 mm (4.134 inch) Firing Order 1342

Stroke 127 mm (5.0 inch) Rotation (flywheel end) Counterclockwise

Compression Ratio NA 19.25:1 NA

Compression Ratio NA 19.25:1

Compression Ratio NA 19.25:1

Engine efficiency, efficiency of emission controls, and

Engine Service Life

Product Identification i01940474

Information Serial Number Plate

Perkins engines are identified by a serial number.

The Serial Number Plate is located on the left side of

Information for the following items may be needed to