General Mathematics

Name Student: ____________________________________ Section: ________________________

Name of Teacher: __________________________________ Date of Submission: ______________

Worksheet No. 1
Q1, Week 3

MELC: At the end of the lesson, the learner shall be able to determine the: (a) intercepts (b) zeroes
and (c) asymptotes of rational functions.
K to 12 BEC CG: M11GM-Ic-1

Objectives:
1. determine the (a) intercepts (b) zeroes and (c) asymptotes of rational functions.

Properties of functions:

Domain – set of all values that the variable x can take.

Range –set of all values that the variable f(x) can take.

Zeroes – the values of x which make the function zero. The real numbered zeroes are also

x-intercepts of the graph of the function.

y-intercept – the y-coordinate of the point where the graph crosses the y-axis.

x-intercept – the x-coordinate of the point where the graph crosses the x-axis.

Another way of sketching the graph of rational function in using the x and y-intercepts of the
function.

RULE
To find the y-intercept, substitute 0 for x and solve for y or f(x).

To find the x-intercept, substitute 0 for y and solve for x.

Examples:
Find the intercepts of the following rational functions.
x−4 x +2
1. f ( x )= 2. f ( x )=
x −2 x−3
Solution:
For y-intercept,
0−4
1. f ( 0 )= Substitute 0 for x.
0−2
−4
= Simplify.
−2
=2

⸫ y-intercept is 2
For x-intercept,
x−4
0= Substitute 0 for y or f(x).
x−2
= x–4 Multiply both sides by x – 2.
x =4 Simplify

⸫ x-intercept is 4

Solution:
For y-intercept,
0+2
2. f ( 0 )= Substitute 0 for x.
0−3
2
= Simplify.
−3
2
=-
3
2
⸫ y-intercept is -
3

For x-intercept,
x+2
0= Substitute 0 for y or f(x).
x−3
= x+2 Multiply both sides by x – 3.
x = -2 Simplify
⸫ x-intercept is -2

STEPS
Finding zeros of Rational Functions

1. Factor the numerator and denominator of the rational function if possible.

2. Identify the restrictions of the rational function f. Restrictions are the value of
independent variable that makes the denominator equal to zero.
3. Identify the values of the independent variable that makes the numerator equal to zero.
4. The zeros of the rational function f are the values of the independent variable that makes
the numerator zero but not restrictions of the rational function f.

Examples:

x 2−2 x−8
1. Find the zero of the rational function f ( x )= .
x 2−x−6
Solution:
 1. Factor the numerator and denominator ( x +2)( x−4)
of f. f(x) =
( x+2)( x−3)
2. Find the restrictions. The values x = -2 and x = 3 make the
denominator equal to zero.
3. Identify the values that makes the x = -2 and x = 4 both make the numerator equal
numerator equal to zero. to zero.
4. Identify the zero of f. x = -2 will not be a zero because it is also a
restriction.
x = 4 will be the zero of f.

(x−2)2
2. Find the zero of the rational function f ( x )= 2 .
x + 3 x−10
Solution:

1. Factor the numerator and ( x−2)(x−2)

denominator of f(x) =
(x−2)(x +5)
2. Find the restrictions. The values x = 2 and x = -5 make the
denominator equal to zero.
3. Identify the values that makes the x = 2 makes the numerator equal to zero.
numerator equal to zero.
4. Identify the zero of f. The function has no zero because x = 2 is
also a restriction.

Finding Asymptote:

Vertical Asymptote

To find the vertical asymptote, equate the denominator to 0 and solve for x.

Horizontal Asymptote

The location of the horizontal asymptote is determined by looking at the degrees of the
numerator (n) and denominator (m).

 If n<m, the graph of f has the line y=0 as the horizontal asymptote.
 If n=m, then y=an / bm is the horizontal asymptote. That is, the ratio of the leading
coefficients.
 If n>m, there is no horizontal asymptote. However, if n=m+1, there is an oblique or slant
asymptote.

Oblique or Slant Asymptote

Oblique asymptote occurs when the numerator of f(x) has a degree that is one higher than
the degree of the denominator. If in this case, simply divide the numerator by the denominator using
long division or synthetic division. The oblique asymptote is the quotient with the remainder ignored
and set equal to y.

Examples
Find the asymptotes of the graph of each rational function

1 x2
1. f ( x )= 2. f ( x )=
x +3 x−4
Solution
 1. x + 3 = 0
x = -3
The graph has the line x = -3 as vertical asymptote.

The degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator so the graph has y = 0 as a
horizontal asymptote.

2. x – 4 = 0
x=4
The graph has the line x = 4 as vertical asymptote.
The degree of the numerator is one greater than the degree of the denominator so graph has no
horizontal asymptote.
To get the oblique asymptote, divide x2 by x – 4. Hence, y = x + 4 is the oblique asymptote.

References:
A. Books
Oronce. 2017. General Mathematics. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Orines. 2016. General Mathematics. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Santos and Biason. 2016. General Math. Makati City: Don Bosco Press, Inc.
Chua, et. al. 2016. Soaring 21st Century Mathematics. Quezon City Phoenix Publishing House,
Inc.
 Verzosa, et. al. 2016. General Mathematics. Pasig Cty: Lexicon Press, Inc.

B. Online and Other Sources

www.google.com

General Mathematics

Name Student: ____________________________________ Section: ________________________

Name of Teacher: __________________________________ Date of Submission: ______________

Worksheet No. 1
Q1, Week 3

Activity No. 1
Most Essential Learning Competency: Determines the: (a) intercepts (b) zeroes; and (c) asymptotes of
rational functions.
K to 12 BEC CG: M11GM-Ic-1

A. Find the intercepts and zeroes of the following rational functions.

x +10 x −5
1. f ( x )= 4. f ( x )=
x−5 x 2−25

x−2 x−4
2. f ( x )= 5. f ( x )= 2
x−3 x −3 x−4

2 x+ 4 x 2−4 x−12
3. f ( x )= ( )
6. f x =
x−2 x−6

B. Find the vertical and horizontal asymptotes of the following rational functions.

x +2 x+5
1. f ( x )= 4. f ( x )= 2
x +5 x −25

2 x−2 x+ 4
2. f ( x )= 5. f ( x )= 2
x−4 x + 7 x +12
 2 x−2 x−6
3. f ( x )= 6. f ( x )= 2
x−1 x −4 x−12

General Mathematics

Name Student: ____________________________________ Section: ________________________

Name of Teacher: __________________________________ Date of Submission: ______________

Worksheet No. 1
Q1, Week 3

Activity No. 2
Most Essential Learning Competency: Determines the: (a) intercepts (b) zeroes; and (c) asymptotes of
rational functions.
K to 12 BEC CG: M11GM-Ic-1

2
x −9
A. Given the function ( x )= ,
x +3

a. Find the x-intercept and y-intercept.

b. Identify vertical, horizontal and oblique asymptote of f(x), if exists.

c. Construct a table showing the function values as x approached the vertical asymptote
from both left and right.

d. Sketch the graph of f(x).

B. Directions: Show the asymptotes of the following rational functions using graphs.

x−6
1. f ( x )= 2
x −4 x−12
 2 x−2
2. f ( x )=
x−4

2 x−10
3. f ( x )=
x +5

General Mathematics

Name Student: ____________________________________ Section: ________________________

Name of Teacher: __________________________________ Date of Submission: ______________

Worksheet No. 2
Q1, Week 3

Most Essential Learning Competency: Solves problems involving rational functions, equations and
inequalities.
K to 12 BEC CG: M11GM-Ic-3
Concepts:
Rational Expression
Definition: Is an expression that can be written as a ratio of two polynomials.

Examples:

The definitions of rational equations, inequalities, and functions are shown below.

Rational Equation Rational Inequality Rational Functions

A function of the form
p( x )
f ( x )= , where p(x) and q(x)
An equation involving An inequality involving q(x )
Definition
rational expressions. rational expressions. are polynomial functions and q(x)
is not the zero function (i.e.,
q ( x ) ≠0 ).

5 7
+ =
1 3
−
5
≤
1 x 3−8
Example f ( x )=
x 3 x 35 x 3 x−1 35 x+ 1
 A rational equation or inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy the equation or
inequality. A rational function expresses a relationship between two variables (such as x and y), and can
be represented by a table of values or a graph.

To solve a rational equation:

(a) Eliminate denominators by multiplying each term of the equation by the least common denominator.
(b) Note that eliminating denominators may introduce extraneous solutions. Check the solutions of the
transformed equations with the original equation.

Example:

In an inter-barangay basketball league, the team from Barangay Culiat has won 12 out of 25
games, a winning percentage of 48%. How many games should they win in a row to improve their win
percentage to 60%.

Solution. Let x represent the number of games that they need to win to raise their percentage to 60%.
The team has already won 12 out of their 25 games. If they win x games in a row to increase their
percentage to 60%, then they would have played 12+x games out of their 25+x games. The equation is
12+ x
. Multiply 25+x to both sides of the equation and solve the resulting equation.
25+ x=0.6

Therefore, Barangay Culiat needs to win 8 games in a row to raise their winning percentage to 60%.

To solve rational inequalities:

(a) Rewrite the inequality as a single rational expression on one side of the inequality symbol and 0 on
the other side.

(b) Determine over what intervals the rational expression takes on positive and negative values.

i. Locate the x values for which the rational expression is zero or undefined (factoring the
numerator and denominator is a useful strategy).
 ii. Mark the numbers found in (i) on a number line. Use a shaded circle to indicate that the value
is included in the solution set, and a hollow circle to indicate that the value is excluded. These numbers
partition the number line into intervals.

iii. Select a test point within the interior of each interval in (ii). The sign of the rational
expression at this test point is also the sign of the rational expression at each interior point in the
aforementioned interval.

iv. Summarize the intervals containing the solutions.

Note: Multiplying both sides of an inequality by a number requires that the sign (positive or negative) of
the number is known. Since the sign of a variable is unknown, it is not valid to multiply both sides of an
inequality by a variable.

Example:

A box with a square base is to have a volume of 8 cubic meters. Let x be the length of the side of
the square base and h be the height of the box. What are the possible measurements of a side of the
square base if the height should be longer than a side of the square base?

Solution. The volume of a rectangular box is the product of its width, length, and height. Since the base
of the box is square, its width and length are equal.

The variable x is the length of a side of the box, while h is its height. The equation relating h and x is
8
x h=8. Expressing h in terms of x, we obtain h=
2
. Since the height is greater than the width, h>x
x2
8
and our inequality is 2
> x.
x

(a) To solve this inequality, we begin by rewriting it with zero on one side:

8
>x
x2

8
−x >0
x2
3
8−x
2
>0
x
2
(−x +2)( x +2 x+ 4)
2
>0
x

(b) The rational expression will be zero for x = 2 and undefined for x = 0. Plot on a number line and use
hollow circles since these values are not part of the solution.
(c) Construct a table of signs to determine the sign of the function in each interval determined by 0 and
2. Note that x 2+ 2 x +4 is positive for any real values of x.

Interval x<0 0<x<2 x>2

Test point x=-1 x=1 x=3
−x +2 + + -

x 2+ 2 x +4 + + +
2
x + + +
2
(−x +2)( x +2 x+ 4) + + -
x2

(d) Since the rational expression is positive in the interval 0 < x < 2, this is the solution set of the
inequality. We reject the interval x < 0 even if the expression is positive here since we only consider
positive values of x for this problem.
Therefore the height of the box should be less than 2 meters.

To solve a rational function:

(a) Transform the function into an equation.

(b) Eliminate denominators by multiplying each term of the equation by the least common denominator.
(b) Note that eliminating denominators may introduce extraneous solutions. Check the solutions of the
transformed equations with the original equation.

Example

Represent the speed of a runner as a function of the time it takes to run 100 meters in the track.
Find its speed in 2 minutes.

Solution. Since the speed of a runner depends on the time it takes to run 100 meters, we can represent
speed as a function of time.

Let x represent the time it takes to run 100 meters. Then the speed can be represented as a
d
function s(x) as follows: s ( x )= .
x
d
s ( x )=
x
d
y=
x
100
y=
2
y=50
Therefore the speed of the runner is 50m/min.

Note: To further learned the composite function you may watch this video
clip:www.study.com/SolvingRationalEquation,
www.study.com/SolvingRationalInequalities

References: General Mathematics by DIWA Publishing,

e-math by Rex Publishing,
General Mathematics by Department of Education
Barnett, R.A., Ziegler, M.R., Byleen, K.E., &Sobecki, D. (2008).

Precalculus(7th ed). New York: McGraw Hill.

Mathematics Enhanced Scope and Sequence – Algebra II-Virginia Department of Education ©

2011

General Mathematics

Name Student: ____________________________________ Section: ________________________

Name of Teacher: __________________________________ Date of Submission: ______________

Worksheet No. 2
Q1, Week 3

Activity 1
Most Essential Learning Competency: Solves problems involving rational functions, equations and
inequalities.
K to 12 BEC CG: M11GM-Ic-3

Title of the Activity: Find my Value!

Solve the following problems.
1 1
1. Aries can paint a room in 5 hours. His brother can do the same job in 7 hours. How long will it
2 2
take them to paint the room?

2. A swimming pool can be filled in 12 hours, using the large pipe alone and in 18 hours with the small
pipe alone.

a. If both pipes are used, how long will it take to fill the pool?

b. If the fire department is asked to help out by using its tank, which alone can fill the

pool in 15 hours, how long will it take to fill the pool if all three water sources are used

simultaneously?

c. At the end of the summer a drain is left open, and the pool empties in 24 hours. If the

pool attendant who is preparing the pool for opening day forgets to plug the drain, can
 the pool be filled in one day? If so, how long will it take? If not, explain why not.

3. John is deciding between two jobs. One promises convenient hours and is closer to his home. The
other pays Php.100.00 more per hour, and John would earn Php.10,000.00 in 10 hours less than it will
take him to earn Php.900.00 at the first job. What is the hourly wage for each job?

4. The current in a river is estimated to be 4 mph. A speedboat goes downstream 6 miles and comes
back 6 miles in 15 minutes. What is the average speed of the speedboat in still water? (Hint: Let r be the
average speed in mph in still water.)

5. Find all real numbers x, x + 2, and x + 4 such that the reciprocal of the smallest number is the sum of
the reciprocals of the other two. Are there rational solutions to this problem?

6. A manufacturing company has a machine that produces 120 parts per hour. When a new machine is
delivered that makes twice as many parts per hour, how long will it take the two machines working
together to make 120 parts per hour? (Hint: Let x be the time [number of hours] the machines take to
make the 120 parts.)

7. Find two consecutive integers such that the sum of one-third of the first and one-fourth of the second
is greater than 9.

8. A number minus 5 times its reciprocal is less than 7. Find the number.

9. Suppose Mr. Fernandez is travelling at the speed of 15 miles per minute, and wants to know how
far he have gone for x hours.
a. Define a function on the distance covered by Mr. Fernandez.
b. What is the distanced covered by Mr. Fernandez. for travelling for 6 hours?
c. If Mr. Fernandez covered a distance of 1,500 miles then how long is she travelling?
d. Make a function on the time covered by Mr. Fernandez. in travelling per minute.
10. A recorded data of a marble falls 10 meters in a second is shown below;

Time travelled by
1 2 3 4 5
the marble (sec)

Distance covered
10
(km)

a. Complete the table.

b. How far does the marble had gone in 5 seconds?
c. Define a function on the time that a marble falls.
d. How long would it take for a marble to fall on a cliff with 500km distance from the ground?
e. Define a function on the distance the marble falls on the ground.
 General Mathematics

Name Student: ____________________________________ Section: ________________________

Name of Teacher: __________________________________ Date of Submission: ______________

Worksheet No. 2
Q1, Week 3

Activity 2
Most Essential Learning Competency: Solves problems involving rational functions, equations and
inequalities.
K to 12 BEC CG: M11GM-Ic-3
Title of the Activity: Find my Value 2!
Solve the following problems.
1. The budget of a university organization is split evenly among its various committees. If they have a
budget of P60,000:
(a) Construct a function M(n) which would give the amount of money each of the n number of
committees would receive.
(b) If the organization has eight committees, how much would each committee have?
2. A company has a budget of P90,000 to be split evenly among its various offices. The marketing office
of the company receives twice the amount of money than the other offices.
(a) Given as the number of offices in the company, construct a function which would give
the amount of money each of the non-marketing offices would receive.
(b) If the company had five offices, how much would the marketing office receive? How much
would each of the non-marketing offices receive?
4t
3. Let C ( t )= 2 be the function that describes the concentration of a certain medication in the
t +4
bloodstream over time .
(a) What is C(0)? Why is that so?
(b) Construct a table of values for when t is equal to 0,1,2,3,4, and 5.
 (c) Interpret your answers in relation to drug concentration.
4. Find two consecutive integers such that the sum of one-third of the first and one-fourth of the second
is less than or equal to 12
5. An express train travels 150km in the same time that a freight train travels 100km. If the express train
goes 20km per hour faster than the freight train, find the rate of each train.
6. A large pipe can empty a pool in 6 hours and small pipe can empty the same pool in 9 hours. How long
will it take both pipes to empty the pool?
7. Find two consecutive integers such that the sum of one-third of the first and one-fourth of the second
is greater than 0r equal to 25
8. An airplane travels 1,260 km in the same time a car travels 420 km. If the rate of the car is 120 kph
less than the rate of the airplane, find the rate of each.
9. Jun can clean a room in 4 hours. Ana can clean the same room in 3 hours. Working together, how long
will it take them to clean the room?
1 1
10. Aries can paint a room in 7 hours. His brother can do the same job in 9 hours. How long will it
2 2
take them to paint the room?