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    Functions and Their Graphs

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    omer
    This document is the syllabus for a Calculus I course taught at the University of Duhok. It introduces key concepts in calculus including functions and their graphs. Functions are mathematical objects that relate one variable to another, and their graphs can be used to visualize relationships. The document outlines topics like domain and range of functions, graphing common functions like polynomials, and representing functions numerically in tables. It also discusses piecewise-defined functions and important function types encountered in calculus like exponential and logarithmic functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Functions and Their Graphs

    Uploaded by

    omer
    62 views28 pages
    This document is the syllabus for a Calculus I course taught at the University of Duhok. It introduces key concepts in calculus including functions and their graphs. Functions are mathematical objects that relate one variable to another, and their graphs can be used to visualize relationships. The document outlines topics like domain and range of functions, graphing common functions like polynomials, and representing functions numerically in tables. It also discusses piecewise-defined functions and important function types encountered in calculus like exponential and logarithmic functions.

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    1. Functions and Their Graphs

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    This document is the syllabus for a Calculus I course taught at the University of Duhok. It introduces key concepts in calculus including functions and their graphs. Functions are mathematical objects that relate one variable to another, and their graphs can be used to visualize relationships. The document outlines topics like domain and range of functions, graphing common functions like polynomials, and representing functions numerically in tables. It also discusses piecewise-defined functions and important function types encountered in calculus like exponential and logarithmic functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    62 views28 pages

    Functions and Their Graphs

    Uploaded by

    omer
    This document is the syllabus for a Calculus I course taught at the University of Duhok. It introduces key concepts in calculus including functions and their graphs. Functions are mathematical objects that relate one variable to another, and their graphs can be used to visualize relationships. The document outlines topics like domain and range of functions, graphing common functions like polynomials, and representing functions numerically in tables. It also discusses piecewise-defined functions and important function types encountered in calculus like exponential and logarithmic functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    Calculus I

    University of Duhok
    ECE Department
    Prepared by Fayyadh H. Ahmed
    2017-2018

    1
    1. Functions and Their Graphs:
    Functions are the major objects we deal with in calculus because they are key
    to describing the real world in mathematical terms. This section reviews the
    ideas of functions, their graphs, and ways of representing them.

     Functions; Domain and Range


    The area of a circle depends on the radius of the circle. The distance an object
    travels from an initial location along a straight line path depends on its speed.
    In each case, the value of one variable quantity, which we might call y,
    depends on the value of another variable quantity, which we might call x.
    Since the value of y is completely determined by the value of x, we say that
    y is a function of x. Often the value of y is given by a rule or formula that
    says how to calculate it from the variable x. For instance, the equation
    is a rule that calculates the area A of a circle from its radius r.
    In calculus we may want to refer to an unspecified function without having
    any particular formula in mind. A symbolic way to say “y is a function of x”
    is by writing

    2
    In this notation, the symbol ƒ represents the function. The letter x, called the
    independent variable, represents the input value of ƒ, and y, the
    dependent variable, represents the corresponding output value of ƒ at x.

    The set D of all possible input values is called the domain of the function.
    The set of all values of ƒ(x) as x varies throughout D is called the range of
    the function. The range may not include every element in the set Y.

    Fig. 1: A diagram showing a function as a kind of machine.

    3
    EXAMPLE 1: Identifying Domain and Range
    Verify the domains and ranges of these functions.

    4
     Graphs of Functions:
    Another way to visualize a function is its graph. If ƒ is a function with
    domain D, its graph consists of the points in the Cartesian plane whose
    coordinates are the input-output pairs for ƒ. In set notation, the graph is

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    EXAMPLE 2 : Sketching a Graph

    Solution

    7
    EXAMPLE 3 Evaluating a Function from Its Graph

    8
     Representing a Function Numerically
    Another way to represent a function is numerically, through a table of values.
    Numerical representations are often used by engineers and applied scientists. From
    an appropriate table of values, a graph of the function can be obtained

    EXAMPLE 4 : A Function Defined by a Table of Values


    Musical notes are pressure waves in the air that can be recorded. The data in Table 1
    give recorded pressure displacement versus time in seconds of a musical note produced
    by a tuning fork. The table provides a representation of the pressure function over time.

    9
     The Vertical Line Test:

    10
     Piecewise-Defined Functions:

    11
    EXAMPLE 5 : Graphing Piecewise-Defined Functions

    12
    EXAMPLE 6: The Greatest Integer Function:

    13
    EXAMPLE 7: Writing Formulas for Piecewise-Defined Functions:

    14
     Identifying Functions; Mathematical Models:
    There are a number of important types of functions frequently encountered in calculus.
    We identify and briefly summarize them here.

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     Even Functions and Odd Functions: Symmetry:
    The graphs of even and odd functions have characteristic symmetry properties.

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