Concrete Work Implementation Method

Implementation Methods This concrete work is usually used for certain jobs that require
handling using concrete.

Dimensional tolerance:
 Overall Length up to 6 m + 5 mm
 Overall length more than 6 m +15 mm
 Length of beam, deck plate, wall column 0 and + 10 mm
Shape Tolerance:
 Square (difference in diagonal length) 10 mm
 Straightness or curvature for lengths up to 3 m 12 mm (deviation from the
intended line)
 Straightness or bend for length 3 m-6 m 15 mm
 Straightness or bend for length >6 m 20 mm

Standing Tolerance (from benchmark point):

 Pre-cast column position of the plan ± 10 mm
 Horizontal surface position of the plan ± 10 mm
 The position of the vertical surface of the plan ± 20 mm

Vertical Alignment Tolerance:

 Vertical deviation of column and wall ± 10 mm
 Altitude Tolerance (elevation)
 The top of the working floor under the foundation ± 10 mm
 The top of the working floor under the tread plate ± 10 mm
 Column top, head wall, beam wall ± 10 mm

Horizontal Alignment Tolerance:

 Horizontal Alignment Tolerance 10 mm in 4 m long horizontal

Tolerances for Reinforced Concrete Cover/Cover:

 Concrete blanket up to 30 mm 0 and + 5 mm
 Concrete blanket 30 mm – 50 mm 0 and + 10 mm
 Concrete blanket 50 mm – 100 mm ± 10 mm
Compressive Strength Conditions:

Job Readiness Submission:

1. The Service Provider must send samples of all materials to be used with test data that meet all
the material properties required by the specifications.
2. The Service Provider must send a mix design for each quality of concrete to be used before
the casting work begins, complete with the results of testing materials and the results of
testing concrete mixtures in the laboratory based on the compressive strength of concrete for
ages 7 and 28 days, unless otherwise specified. for other ages by the director of work. Unless
otherwise specified, the mixed design shall have a design standard deviation (S) between 2.5
MPa and 8.5 MPa. The proportion of materials and the calculated weight of the measurement
must meet the main technical criteria, workability, strength and durability. For other types of
concrete work, the mechanical properties of concrete in addition to compressive strength are
also important to know. The service provider is obliged to submit the data to the Work
Directors.
3. Experimental Mixture, Prior to casting, the Contractor must make a trial mixture using the
proportions of the mix design mix and the proposed material, witnessed by the Engineer, who
uses the same type of installation and equipment as will be used for the work (and has taken
into account the transportation time). etc). In fresh concrete conditions, the concrete mix must
meet the specified slump values. The compressive strength test of 7-day-old concrete from
the results of the experimental mixture must reach a minimum strength of 90% of the average
compressive strength value of concrete targeted in the 7-day-old mix design. If the test results
of 7 days old concrete from the experimental mixture do not produce the required
compressive strength of concrete, the Service Provider must make adjustments to the mixture
and look for the cause of the discrepancy.
4. The service provider must send detailed drawings for all scaffolding to be used, and must
obtain approval from the Works director before any scaffolding work begins.
5. The Service Provider must notify the Engineer in writing at least 24 hours, prior to the
planned start date for mixing or placing any type of concrete, as required in the
specifications.

Workplace Preparation:
1. The Contractor shall dismantle the old structure to be replaced with new concrete or which
must be dismantled to enable the execution of the new concrete work. The disassembly must
be carried out in accordance with the conditions specified in the specifications.
2. The Contractor shall excavate or backfill foundations or formations for concrete work in
accordance with the lines shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer in
accordance with the provisions, and to clean and rake the area around the concrete work
which is large enough to ensure that all angles are reached. profession. A stable work path
should also be provided where necessary to ensure that all corners of the work can be
inspected easily and safely.
3. All footings, foundations and excavations for concrete work must be kept dry at all times and
concrete should not be placed on muddy or littered soil or in water. With the approval of the
Board of Directors, the concrete can be placed in the water with special means and equipment
to cover leaks such as at the bottom of a well or cofferdam.
4. Before placing concrete, all forms, reinforcement and other objects that must be inserted into
the concrete (such as pipes or sleeves) must have been installed and tied tightly so that they
do not move during placing.
5. If required or required by the Engineer, the foundation material for concrete work must be
laid in accordance with the provisions.
6. The Engineer will inspect all excavations prepared for the foundation before approving the
installation of forms or steel reinforcement or placing concrete and may ask the Contractor to
carry out penetration testing into hard soils, density tests or other investigations to ensure
adequate bearing capacity of the soil under the foundation. .
7. In the event that subgrade conditions are found that do not meet the requirements, the Service
Provider may be ordered to change the dimensions or depth of the foundation and/or excavate
and replace materials in soft places, compact the foundation soil or perform other
stabilization measures as directed by the Engineer.

Reference:
1. Soil templates, where approved by the Engineer, shall be formed from the excavation, and the
sides and bases shall be trimmed manually to the required dimensions. All loose dirt must be
removed before placing the concrete.
2. The molds can be made of wood or steel with joints of mortar that are tight and rigid to
maintain the required position during casting, compaction and curing.
3. Unsurfaced wood may be used for a surface finish of an unexposed structure, but an even
thickness of shaved wood should be used for exposed concrete surfaces. All sharp corners of
the Reference must be rounded.
4. The formwork shall be so constructed that it can be disassembled without damaging the
concrete.

Casting:
1. The Contractor must notify the Engineer in writing at least 24 hours prior to starting the
placing of concrete, or to continue placing the concrete if the placing of concrete has been
delayed for more than 24 hours. The notice shall include the location, working conditions,
concrete quality and the date and time of mixing the concrete.
2. The Engineer will give a receipt for the notification and will check the references, and
reinforcement and can issue written approval or not to start carrying out the work as planned.
The Contractor shall not carry out the placing of concrete without the written approval of the
Engineer.
3. Not contrary to the issuance of an agreement to start casting, placing of concrete may not be
carried out if the Engineer or his representative is not present to witness the overall mixing
and casting operation.
4. Immediately before placing concrete, the mold must be moistened with water or greased on
the inside with oil that does not leave a mark.
5. No concrete mixture shall be used if the concrete is not placed in the final position in the
mold within 1 hour after mixing, or in a shorter time as may be ordered by the Engineer
based on observations of the setting time characteristics of the cement used, except given
additional materials (additives) to slow down the hardening process (retarder) which is
approved by the Board of Directors.
6. Concreting shall be continued without stopping until the construction joint has been agreed
previously or until the work is completed.
7. Concrete must be placed in such a way as to avoid segregation of course and fine particles
from the mixture. Concrete shall be placed in the mold as close as practicable to the final
position of the concrete to prevent drainage not exceeding one meter from the place where it
was originally placed.
8. When concrete is poured into structural forms that have complex shapes and dense
reinforcement, the concrete must be placed in horizontal layers not exceeding 15 cm thick.
For concrete walls, the casting height can be 30 cm continuously along the entire
circumference of the structure.
9. Concrete shall not fall freely into the mold at a height of more than 150 cm. Concrete should
not be placed directly in water.
10. Where concrete is placed in water and pumping cannot be carried out within 48 hours after
placing, the concrete must be poured using the Tremi method or the Drop-Bottom-Bucket
Method, where the specific shape and type used for this purpose must be approved in advance
by the Engineer. Tremi shall be watertight and of sufficient size to permit drainage of the
concrete. Tremi should always be fully charged during casting.
11. If the flow of concrete is obstructed, the tremi must be pulled slightly and fully filled before
casting continues. Either Tremi or Drop-Bottom-Bucket must drain the concrete mixture
below the pre-cast concrete surface.
12. Casting must be carried out at such a speed that the concrete mixture that has been cast is still
plastic so that it can blend with the new concrete mixture.
13. The old concrete areas that will be joined with the concrete to be cast, must first be roughed,
cleaned of loose and brittle materials and have been doused with water until saturated.
Immediately prior to the placing of this new concrete, the contact areas of the old concrete
should be swept with a mortar with a mixture suitable for the concrete.
14. Water shall not be run over or raised to the surface of the concrete work within 24 hours of
placing.

Construction Joints:
1. Relevant concrete casting schedules shall be prepared for each proposed type of structure and
the Engineer shall approve the location of the construction connections on the schedule, or
the construction joints shall be laid as shown in the Drawings. Construction joints shall not be
placed at the junction of structural elements unless otherwise required.
2. Construction joints in wing walls should be avoided. All construction joints shall be
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and shall generally be located at points of minimum
shear.
3. Where vertical joints are required, reinforcing steel should be continuous through the joints in
such a way as to keep the structure monolithic.
4. Grooves shall be provided at construction joints to a depth of at least 4 cm for walls, slabs
and between the foot of the foundation and the wall. For slabs located above the surface,
 construction joints shall be located so that the slabs have an area not exceeding 40 m2, with
the larger dimension not exceeding 1.2 times the smaller dimension.
5. The Contractor shall provide workers and additional materials as necessary to make
additional construction joints in the event that work is forced to stop suddenly due to rain or
stoppage of concrete supply or termination of work by the Engineer.
6. With the approval of the Engineer, additional materials (additives) can be used for attachment
to construction joints, the process must be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
7. In salt water or containing salt, construction joints are not permitted at places 75 cm below
the lowest water level or 75 cm above the highest water level unless otherwise specified in
the Drawings.

Compaction:
1. Concrete shall be compacted by approved internal or external mechanical vibration. Where
necessary, and where approved by the Engineer, vibration shall be accompanied by manual
puncture with a suitable means to ensure proper and adequate compaction. Vibrators shall not
be used to transfer the concrete mixture from one point to another in the mold.
2. Care must be taken during compaction to ensure that all corners and between and around the
reinforcing steel are completely filled without removing the reinforcing frame, and any air
voids and air bubbles are filled.
3. The vibrator must be used for a limited time, so as to produce the required compaction
without causing segregation of the aggregate.
4. The external mechanical vibrator shall be capable of producing at least 5000 revolutions per
minute with an effective weight of 0.25 kg, and may be placed on a mold so as to produce an
even vibration.
5. Internally actuated mechanical vibrators shall be of the pulsating type and shall be capable of
producing at least 5000 revolutions per minute when used on concrete having a slump of 2.5
cm or less, with a vibratory area radius of not less than 45 cm.
6. Any internal mechanical vibrator shall be inserted into the wet concrete vertically in such a
way that it penetrates to the base of the freshly cast concrete, and produces a density at all
depths in the section. The vibrator should then be gently withdrawn and reinserted in another
position no more than 45 cm apart. The vibrator shall not remain at any point for more than
30 seconds, shall not be used to transfer the concrete mixture to another location, nor shall it
touch the concrete reinforcement.

Reference Disassembly:
1. References must not be removed from vertical planes, walls, thin columns and similar
structures earlier than 30 hours after placing the concrete. Molds supported by scaffolding
under slabs, beams, girders, or arc structures shall not be dismantled until tests show that at
least 85% of the design strength of the concrete has been achieved.
2. To allow for finishing work, the templates used for ornamentation, railings, parapets, and
exposed vertical surfaces must be removed within at least 9 hours after casting and not later
than 30 hours, depending on weather conditions.

Treatment:
1. Immediately after placing, the concrete must be protected from premature drying,
overheating, and mechanical disturbances. The concrete must be kept to a minimum so that
the loss of water content occurs to a minimum and a relatively constant temperature is
obtained within the specified time to ensure proper hydration of the cement and hardening of
the concrete.
2. Concrete should be treated, as soon as it begins to harden, by covering it with a water-
permeable material. This sheet of water absorbent material must be saturated in at least 3
days. All curing materials or sheets of absorbent material must be loaded or strapped down to
prevent exposed surfaces from airflow.
3. Where wooden forms are used, they must be kept wet at all times until they are removed, to
prevent opening of joints and drying of the concrete. Traffic shall not be allowed to pass
through the concrete surface within 7 days after the concrete has been placed or after the
concrete has reached the required minimum strength.
4. The concrete floor as a wear layer must be treated after the surface begins to harden by
covering it with a layer of 5 cm thick moist sand for at least 21 days or the concrete reaches
the required minimum strength.
5. Concrete made with cement has high initial strength properties or concrete made with
ordinary cement with added additives must be wetted until its strength reaches 70% of the
design strength of concrete at 28 days or after the concrete reaches the minimum required
strength.

Quality Control in the field

Material Receipt:
1. The materials received (water, cement, aggregates and additional materials if needed) must be
checked by the material acceptance supervisor by checking/checking written evidence
 showing that these materials are in accordance with the provisions of the material
requirements in the specifications.
2. If the required materials are in sufficient quantity with continuous delivery, then by order of
the Engineer, for coarse aggregate and fine aggregate the Service Provider must carry out
periodic material tests during construction with a maximum interval of 1000 m3 for gradation
and 5000 m3 for abrasion, while for cement with a maximum delivery interval of 300 tons.
However, if according to the Engineer, there is an indication of a change in the quality or
nature of the material to be used, the Service Provider must immediately re-test the material
before the material is used.

Tests for agility:

1. One or more "slump" tests as directed by the Engineer, shall be carried out on each resulting
mix of concrete and carried out astray prior to placing, and the tests shall be deemed to have
not been carried out unless witnessed by the Engineer. Concrete mixtures that do not meet the
requirements for workability as proposed shall not be used in the work, unless the Engineer
in some cases approves their limited use and technically the quality of the concrete can be
maintained.
2. The workability and texture of the mixture shall be such that air or water bubbles, and such
that when disassembling the mold a flat, smooth and solid surface is obtained.

Compressive Strength Test:

1. The Service Provider must obtain a number of test results for the compressive strength of
concrete specimens from the concrete work carried out. Each result is the average value of
the two compressive strength values of the test specimens in a set of test objects (1 set = 3
test objects) where the difference in value between the two is 5% for one age, for each
concrete compressive strength and for each type of structural component. which is casted
separately on each day of casting.
2. For the purposes of testing the compressive strength of concrete, the Service Provider must
provide concrete test objects in the form of cylinders with a diameter of 150 mm and a height
of 300 mm or cubes of 150 x 150 x 150 mm, and must be treated according to the standards
used. The specimens must be molded together and taken from the concrete to be cast, and
then treated according to the treatments carried out in the laboratory.
3. For the purposes of quality evaluation as a basis for payment, data from the results of the
compressive strength test of concrete in accordance with the age specified in the contract
must be used. Test results at ages other than those specified in the contract may only be used
for purposes other than the purpose of evaluating the quality of concrete as a basis for
 payment. The strength ratio values used for this purpose must correspond to a graph of the
compressive strength development of the mixture as a function of time.
4. For manual mixing, for concrete work with the amount of each concrete quality 60 m3, one
test result must be obtained for each maximum of 5 m3 of concrete with a minimum of one
test result per test result every day. In all cases the number of test results shall not be less than
four for each age. If the amount of concrete work reaches > 60 m3, then for every maximum
10 m3 of the next concrete after the amount of 60 m3 is reached, one test result must be
obtained.
5. For the casting of ready-mix production, then in concrete work with the amount of each
quality 60 m3 must be obtained one test result for every maximum 15 m3 of concrete
randomly, with a minimum of one test result per day. In all cases the number of test results
shall not be less than four. If the amount of concrete work reaches > 60 m3, then for every
maximum 20 m3 of the next concrete after the amount of 60 m3 is reached, one test result
must be obtained.
6. All concrete used in the work must meet the compressive strength required in the
specifications or as approved by the Engineer.