Handwritten Biochem U-2 NOTES

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 31

a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 1 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Unur-L Mine

el

el
Date /O| /20 2

ew

ew
r

r
Ca Ckbobyducttesutahaism

Ca
enugu e iuing_C aboydnol
bexalbalik i
ADaO WAi oochmiau and
mutabolic process
a

a
CUmulateA (cooiuns p
rm

rm

rm
p0cess wuch aModcousm cotaboism
ha

ha

ha
CM VuaS wleNaVe rsim LanknhsdrsA
ak plocs=
lP

lP

lP
el

el
Colabolis
uskeu Small
ew

ew
lag molicwles ol +Eing
amalbtlim
r

r
Ca

Ca
h mabSacchaid lucoua Coual
Canbohydnda tabalusn_Sh
dad Moron Cosbnud
utauab
2oNornqorl9 osmaT
a

a
Glytolycis
rm

rm

rm
ha

ha

ha
He- Glyco Gluoe SUGad-0-
lP

lP

lP

Breakdown/aisoluh n
el

el
w

h mcduuve d
re

re

is
ur0nk_ Clyoty GluLatebakdr
Ca

Ca

EISdufinmd4
zonAxN 2nt-Cmreaiin LuCA iroPyavale
OMa cake wilh h pAnduehm gEATP
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 2 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Min

el

el
Pathw ay wa disovened byH Hwo Bio - chimast

ew

ew
tmbden P
Meyrnef30, i alo Callud
&M. pathway).

r
Ca

Ca
GHLYCOLYSIS 3

ATP
Phsphofudotvas
epprut)|
HO-(-H
H-C-9H
a

a
H (-CH
HO
rm

rm

rm
H
OH-C-H
H--01
ha

ha

ha
H-C
H-
lP

lP

lP
C
Gluco so
el

el
frocost 1,6-bbposphdti
ew

ew
ATP uxoLinal
Glucokivas Aldolas
r

r
APP
Ca

Ca
HO
H =0
H-C-04 h-0
Phbsphobioce
Iomuasa --6H
H--H O

hOH
a

a
Glyceralduhudt
Dihyoonyaulon
rm

rm

Ch-0- phosphalr
3-phosphat
rm
ha

ha

ha
uraldulayda
Gloou-6-phosphati
NAD -Phosptati
lP

lP

lP

Phespholayos deluydad gunale


+H

--
NADH
ionALras
el

el

CHOH
w

C-04
re

re

H-C-OH
HO-H
Ca

Ca

H-C-6H
H 4,3- Bicpho phoalyan

trucost-6 -phoiphal
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 3 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Mind

el

el
ADPR Phosph@qycualh
(ina

ew

ew
ATP
C00

r
CaC00

Ca
H-C-GH
G4-0-
3-Phos phoqyaal Aovati (uto)

Phosphrg lyuai NADH + Ht Locale


a

a
mutas dahydrogovna
rm

rm

rm
NADt
Co0
ha

ha

ha
H--0-
lP

lP

lP
Ch-0H H -C-0H
el

el
2-Phoshoqlyuali
ew

ew
L-Loctali
ndas
r

r
Ca

Ca
-0
Phospio eelpyat (eP
a

a
ADP
rm

rm

rm
Hyuvati
gt Cingse
ATP
ha

ha

ha
CO0
lP

lP

lP

-DH
el

el

Uh
w

Pysuvali (onol)
re

re
Ca

Ca

Spbudrouuovp
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 4 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Mn
Date://20

el

el
s10 Page:

ew

ew
-0
r

r
The
Ca palwd owts hcephas

Ca
SMIngu phai
Spliuthig phas
u) quLnaK m bhaso
a

a
O 4g inestmo phal
rm

rm

rm
phosphoryAatedto
ha

ha

ha
Clu oS 6-phochhs by hakOwxo tina
Hu rxn ie.ersiblancopendsdom
lP

lP

lP
ATPthi enzyma huxdeina
el

el
ehzin qlbcounas
ew

ew
3Av
schn ctayCs
phosphoahn d alute muy
r

r
Ca

Ca
O
Gluco6-phosp hali
He

cto S phoiphe
-6
hosphohxpsOmeAake
a

a
24MAodiia
rm

rm

rm
ch6-phasphot i pijdezykatal n
ha

ha

ha
6-bis phpiphauD4 2um n
phetphOrmtae
lP

lP

lP

ina
el

el
w

phale
re

re

Th Six oabm
Ca

Ca

SasbncOamd copand,Gluceralda
pAphelk Oud dihydanxy arolom Ipheiha
enzLmL aldepkaialdalá2
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 5 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Date:

el

el
Page

ew

ew
r

r
Th Ca engumLpho spho bosisomoiaC Cataly21 2erekiLl

Ca
wleloM reKsim Gycmaldsudi plhosphai pwd
Dihydgay0cuonephbsphau

E9 quhnh m
AO)
phak
2
a

a
Gluaalddh-phos phatr Cnveredono 1kBisphogn-
rm

rm

rm
alucuai ih ho hlh of enzym
Glumeldhujd 3-phosphat
ha

ha

ha
duhuydangn
9AN 093-
lP

lP

lP
)Thenzyma phosphoglycuaat na ac m3bis-
el

el
phosphoglycera Sulhing Sunthuis OF ATP nd
ew

ew
3Phophoqlycurate
00 3
r

r
D3-Ph0sphogluuu u cmverted into Phosphoqlucrau
Ca

Ca
hulb en2m Phospho glyuau muja co

nzymu enbla 4unnati phosp hopnok pyauraa

N)Th& n zy m pyru vaa CRnol catryzed th


a

a
igh eneypnosphatt pen
rm

rm

phosphoen al pya/el Pep)_ ADP leadihg o rm


ha

ha

ha
oma ATPnb2
lP

lP

lP

thi, EnLRGETIS 2 NÍSo- H2A)


el

el

DONIU20loxO 190p
ATP qaind
w

STEP ATP CoM SUMED


re

re

OL L
(ainid
03
Ca

Ca

Aota
etaoput
keg P 8 ATP
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 6 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
o TCA (Thitanooxyuc acd) uycl
cebs ydu

el

el
Pysuvali

ew

ew
- coD

r
duyduogeMakA
CoA--
Ca

Ca
NADH+ H L
COL
SCoA AehyR CoA

CofnSH
NADH+ H
Ctba h-0
-Co0
Synhauu Ho-C(60 ,hO
NAD
a

a
Malati C-C00 Ch-Coo Acovutos
rm

rm

rm
dulhydsogana Oxolbqcelati
ciba -Coo
Ho-1- Co0 Co6
ha

ha

ha
L-Malal
lP

lP

lP
Cis-Arcovitalt
HDfumaras
el

el
H--CoD fraitas
ew

ew
fumaualr ChCo0
r

r
-Coo
Ca

Svccinat
Ca
fApH duhydroqunas
Ho--o
fAD Toánat
Ch-0D Todnal NAD
dihuydngensi

Sucainai NADH+H
a

a
rm

rm

GTP Suctina
hotinaL CH-CoD
rm
ha

ha

ha
CoACH
,Oh-lo O=t-coD
lP

lP

lP

10P Oxals suceimi


CSCoA Ioúhal
el

el

-kotoglularali ydvogus
Sucn
w

CoA
dblhucdabgenade Ch-Coo
C0
re

re

NADH
Cah
tH AJAp
Ca

Ca

(02 CoA SH
O=C-Cco
-keloglutarai
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 7 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Mne
Date: 120

el

el
Page

ew

ew
mos wh

r
Ca

Ca
SUupplu tic acidiCydi escohllu
DApNitho bodip
waluee he Oudoh o acoy co-A
o CaubondioidAidlolain iheCbncactd Oudakue pathKau
Cyc Naoihelibhcomma
Conowdhoa palhwa
ma emde
a

a
Aupplyna eng buHorauo povidb
rm

rm

rm
enzymep
ha

ha

ha
Homo ho of TCA(iaabo
bcatnd on Mitochndiia mamx
lP

lP

lP
a tu
el

el
DHomahm efGbag iMCordniohm
aud Oxalo
ew

ew
_Acyk -A
autal Catayzad by enzyna CUlo Suntihaso
r

r
Ca

Ca
Chatr omuricu ln ispCiaT by tha nzn
AcoiutaS

-tRkoglutarae as ezYmi isð


enmahm O
cuuakr dahydangunatt
a

a
10-iharto
rm

rm

1 Cotalpid
OxaloxuccinatrT AAud
CaeslMDH rm
ha

ha

ha
of (Oa
formaha NADHu uauah
lP

lP

lP

OcCwrs aFr Mi AtaqRA ailurooln


el

el

VE) onversiom
0 -olbglupratp pAKCY
w

TA thiagh OxUdahe dimaboa lahen


re

re

Cotate -etaglutarala_dihydAngemas
Ca

Ca

SUcCinau
(Nil) halim oE KcInarbienzine
MiotiaUL
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 8 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
-Mine

el

el
Date: /120

Page:

ew

ew
r

r
Ca

Ca
VI Conerslom
OF A CUctnai toiumar
enzym ixcinalioi dhudnogsnas i
urrar
ixemahmof Molai h Onzumi
AiHh tu addihm twam
a

a
ALN
rm

rm

rm
Conerclmbi OfOimalatr ooiOxaloactai by
ha

ha

ha
221 2N9
lP

lP

lP
el

el
oATP
ew

ew
STer
ATPbunCoSUMep ATeGAINED
3o 0- Gaiwd
r

r
NoP
Ca

Ca

12niiNo

oiOxidahm0F GlutocOOT UlbaiI- min


a

a
rm

rm

adih-iGlucolyauon2 ArP Aato rm


ha

ha

ha
Wointubnle Oxidaho of a
lP

lP

lP

iakoxylic -AcidTCA T_LLg ATP


el

el

(Gi aud ycla)


w

w
re

re

uniab ihtDLdttS? 9TA


Ca

Ca

ONADOAhMi bifuyt-o

DoNIDU2
1ONai
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 9 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
9M Mine

el

el
ele Date: 120
rage

ew

ew
r

r
Signfianu.
Ca

Ca
rabamnalo
Aspantai
Oxalosucuinat dear
Matate
O-Celogwtaral TranuhaS
Nm-essoia SuCcinyl (oA
a

a
Amino aud Glutma
rm

rm

rm
Porinos
ha

ha

ha
Pupinudins
lP

lP

lP
h cubM aud uda ic th most impaataut nubbic
el

el
0alhuyfo enLngu Aupplye
ew

ew
alodu ATP Aunthigizud in
Kb auclu
r

r
Ca

Ca
HOXOS& MAhonluashhat hunE Pana
ahurau

i alD knwn pOmosiphosphalThú


On allkanahw pathuay glutalyA and
TCA oxdohon Of
a

a
u
rm

rm

pouhuay
duudiud
ytosal
phase
pathwiay
rm
ha

ha

ha
lP

lP

lP

Oxidahve pht
2 Nm-Xidahiue phae
el

el
w

w
re

re
Ca

Ca

HO-3 H

9.019
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 10 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
HO-C-H Mine

el

el
nM Date: 120

H-C-b P8ge

ew

ew
Glutos-6-phosphai

r
Ca H O

Ca
H
OYOP
PAlsy
NADP dthydrngmaie
atluastphosphit
NADPHTFH
a

a
rm

rm

rm
H-(-0H
ha

ha

ha
6-phosph0aluco adowL
HOC-H
lP

lP

lP
H-oH
el

el
ew

ew
T
tvtoldétenAydialas
r

r
Ca

Ca
220
H C- 6-phophoqtuconatr

NA
a

a
120
rm

rm

D CLhOP
hh rm
ha

ha

ha
NADp
phosphoqluCOnau dihydmoairas
lP

lP

lP

NADPH+ H
9A0Na 9wrlohix
toz
el

el
w

=0 Riuloce-Sphosphal
re

re

H-c-0
Ca

Ca

Ribuloskphospi,K

Ribulbsl etosgM
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 11 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
el

el
SniM Mine
Date: /20

ew

ew
Page

H-e
r

r
Ca 1opotibu 2-20

Ca
OH JA130lova

-Uwwho Xuiulosa-p i dhvcouioaiaia Ribouk-p


a

a
rm

rm

rm
Jorh2onNn-720ord D
ha

ha

ha
rans@rolas
lP

lP

lP
el

el
H
1UNNJTY
ew

ew
o blhwn)Glucoraldthy di-2-p
r

r
Ca

Ca
rans saldolaki

og C-0
a

a
rm

rm

H HO
rm
ha

ha

ha
-H
-H
hshlnsoni obal
lP

lP

lP

fruthrose-H-phospha AGuCH0P
el

el

tucoc-6- phetphilt
w

Trauskutolaua
re

re
Ca

Ca

Glyaraldahuyda--p
Kovesal o
gLuralysis
fwctose 6phoaphili
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 12 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Mtne

el

el
Date:
/ 120
ee Page:

ew

ew
OxLdahve pha aluos-6-p dihudrogznas(G6P0) an

r
Ca NADP dopndet onzym o conveut alurO

Ca
R-phDsphal o 6-phesphogu Colacton
T 6-phekphoqluolactout Mydrolyaad-fo 6-phosphogluons
Th Myt XD Involes thnhulSyntuik NADDH4
-phaphagluxonali dihydngana procuc
Catalytady
3eo Jn6-phaphogluonai wlidh tun AMding0A ciCOAOAY=
a

a
ahon o qie Phulosu 5-phosphai
rm

rm

rm
ha

ha

ha
Nm- Oxidahwe pha
lP

lP

lP
MA phas is CmCorud in onersiom 3Y.SA (arbon
mano Saccharidu Libuloti S-phosphai
el

el
Xululbs phosplali fpinuru
in- nzym at on it
ew

ew
And hn tetoiomores nzymatton zibalust S-pheaphali
0u onveated ibose s-photphati
r

carban rom
r
Ca

In Skep
Ca
xE hae i raufa of
Xuylvlbta -phosphati
ibosa S-phosphat to fon
ad Canbon)
Secdohuhhbulot -phosphoti E aud Glcraldoluydi 3-p
wih t hulh enzum rangholal
eN2uML panaldalosi OAing tu 3Canb@n nmoety
(oMhom (ompoind to 3 Canba
a

a
rm

rm

Compound Glyceraddiydi -phoiphalr


four Conh0m fhose -pheipha
o QIue fwdos 6-p rm
ha

ha

ha
troneolaJk zym AcE 0n myhrosge--
lP

lP

lP

Gluceyeldeyds-3-p AMA
PeveAibl glurodyai
el

el

mala
w

w
re

re
Ca

Ca
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 13 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
pM

el

el
Dato
Mine 120

ew

ew
Page

StonihtcauntQ HMP A ULqu qenuraHuo

r
hdapoutout pbdu /3 mee dsdfn
Ca

Ca
he
biostmslSmCHeactiou othr funchons
DPentoses nuhiahNi bfhsin
NAD PH 99
LN eTmp.F Pontosuk N uHMP AhurtyniyossOK (meaed
a

a
rm

rm

rm
nbi p.0ntosuy H mosE impotnMT being
mbost-phosphol. Thi neutoS
dauvaiie 0 OA
ha

ha

ha
USLfu tu2yuthuisDilof nuddicauds (RNA ad
lP

lP

lP
2 DNA) Hand (MaMy nudeotidusAUdhaNIAP, NED'HAD
el

el
ew

ew
BA
Alop
2 1u hiQuned fon
NADPH1 ulonnr daluih or
r

r
Hducthve biosunthesisothti
Ca

Ca
LALAnndúda urand isa Aeraid 20uRhw
s ni2hagoiaytasiso ikaxtainengulfmuxt iofoarigniipaaticoa auo
Controlw2th produdhon of HDgby anyiexi
A DoH
99 Owhioxicdaut(hea radicasawenginq)anequid
y ADmingdutoxificokionf
a

a
aD f4igait by umcuytochomu lus
rm

rm

Ayxtem Cin liver hydioxytahon involving NADOH


o
uaintan uaionit
rm
ha

ha

ha
5 ln esCautial
RAC mlwb rand
lP

lP

lP

necsary 0 oep frros Îm (fe


HdvcedAtab SD at
el

el

hum0gkobin in
Mutheuogdobin te3+)
w

accumulahion
eyes
re

re

6Hh coenkahon of NADDH in len bf


MeuSsan prtserve Hrandpotny of thl lehu
Ca

Ca
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 14 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
M Date: 120

el

el
ge

ew

ew
Glutoco6-phespatu otuydtocunas dedency Sex-Linked
r

r
G6PD
Ca dafeceby Qhiahuitd
bA

Ca
Hrait Athough th dutecientinocorlanal
alfe ched indiuuduals. la l mon
HG4 A
NADPH
HMP Ahur h Dly MAO Oprouaiginpaig
n ihan hYDLyKA.DI[KASLd RB achuia o G6PD
a

a
Thu Hiult in h
rm

rm

rm
Suntatais 10NADPH ln
accu.mulahn f nuHhthaglo bin andpernxicu
ha

ha

ha
1erutbrocyt l0adingubhimoly
lP

lP

lP
Mos
nai iTdincol yaifEAjahnalin G6PD b dufiuena
autei enu do nst
el

el
Hho
usually- exhibiE uinilol umppma So ofhim
ew

ew
hou:AVr£A. dRlOp himoluti
r

r
Qdnmivisterd ni 0aicdau daugso ixpocidt Si
Ca

Ca
infechion Tu Auth Akpaimaquint itawtimalanld
das
autaniidLvehpunlkl)y SulfanauihDXAZAl (Outibigiht) oingeln
D fan beansGavicm_pdduca hinalyhiceeiauin in
thn the nts SeeAnlnethimt Sultin t 0urahin
OFaLfRiradical in mitoph.ngeA Whithn Canientr RRC
a

a
rm

rm

AndaiuR
neduud
hanokyA LOuL HidiHACIdiNADOH aN
GSHh rm
ha

ha

ha
Lot22 9
lP

lP

lP

DNDTG iAN 9g
el

el

UN 02203LN
0ID
dbt bhawh
w

w
re

re

iiOluinuin
a
Ca

Ca

HaaGN_a adnom d
NO22039
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 15 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Mine

el

el
Date: 20
Fage

ew

ew
wNi GLrco GENNESIS

r
Ca

Ca
luco2Glbcogan
Genusu Sunthuiy fOAmahen

GluLos
ADP-
HeXonanGlotoki nas
a

a
rm

rm

rm
ha

ha

ha
lP

lP

lP
Phospho 9TDCmutast
el

el
lpM2 Ar GlutON -=ph0sphai
ew

ew
luNi ubauDPNaPhosphbnya ina
r

r
Ca

upP GlucosuAidk diphospha)


Ca

HO) qUOD YONAN

Glucequnprimar
a

a
13/D0-4)
rm

rm

y (ogn yhau rm
ha

ha

ha
13UDP
lP

lP

lP
el

el

Glucosu(«H,k-tranaferass)
w

w
re

re

2awlo
Ca

Ca

Shre
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 16 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Date
Page

el

el
lmgahm by Glyogtn Aynth

ew

ew
Couming ( 1,H-bmd

r
Ca Bnanthi

Ca
N
hasfa
GLYCOGCN

UDP ym xokino
Sundhuu of nGlutoc Tuenz GloleiL to
a

a
GlucokinaA (mvnE
rm

rm

rm
GlULoe-6pPhoi phoglucomutaa Cmveut
phb 4-fP
o UDP GIung
ha

ha

ha
G-1-p wlch hon Convet
lP

lP

lP
o enwhalnniaGlycogpniU3A cma
2eauHmoAt of_paima
el

el
ef AL-Oxishng alycogh mUs
Sumthui
ohuahar oi 4lucoun ApLciHC |
ew

ew
uE a piman
npaskein h nhiin ofAycagan pima A
r

r
Con accept guoi
Ca

amuly ülycounau
Ca
UDP
adtacho d aF ydnoxy OUp (OH) h
glycoqundn

GlucoQun Unhu by Pnzum 4luo0AM SUhakr TH U


a

a
rm

rm

inkag
Iponuh
byhaeAMg t h Qlutot pm rm
ha

ha

ha
UDD GluLes o man-2eduin udAf gluugn
lP

lP

lP
el

el

(9Houn@hm L bAainchlAEngly.cmgun M
PMam
6-panitenasL_panien a Anall
w

Qlyth ty
re

re

fmgos aluco ar mM
o
Ca

Ca

QMsthNouoA wwL
Sunkhodby LKlinkg Chomda. T glycegan
ukun eloganof
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 17 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
el

el
Mune
Date: 1120

ew

ew
Page
= U,s
alyaqnApthaA 2lyrosik ansfesase
r

r
Ca

Ca
GLYCo GENOLYSIS

aycoqrne--alycogAn
2ySik- Bxakdaun u
a

a
rm

rm

rm
ha

ha

ha
lP

lP

lP
el

el
Gy ogn
ew

ew
fondon orl onLALA
atycoguM ph0phooyaua
r

r
Ca

Ca
a

a
rm

rm

K rm
ha

ha

ha
NS NI LiniuhuDexbin
lP

lP

lP

Obianchuig
Onzm (Yaauusfe ase acluu
el

el
w

w
re

re
Ca

Ca

Duband Enzym
etotos Y (,6-Gucotdaal ehe acw
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 18 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
P Mne

el

el
Date: 20
Page:

ew

ew
r

r
Ca

Ca
Phosphaluyomutz

Glyrelysiii --6-P
Gvtou6-phophaha
Glutosa
a

a
rm

rm

rm
OAham of lycaq.an pheaphorylaxs t -L4 bomd iA
ha

ha

ha
b n4niglyocun phcsphrylau Ho
lP

lP

lP
olucota-phis phali hiApo(0u ald
phosphouctin h gluLun_S5fomid u
el

el
lmit dixain wuch Conb et
bs dignaitd
ew

ew
uHu enyniglaguagin pho.miaczylas
(DAtim
r

r
o0-banthing-p2jnl Glytosiahawfera
Ca

Ca
3.4-GlocaL2eida atachad at h manduo
Chaun
f amylo -LA-Glycdsidass
bono Telalu qlucosd
a

a
femaies
rm

rm

enzym
p dipnol rm
ha

ha

ha
G-6-phosphoatnil-that eekeas ceaf C6-p
oduluroieA
lP

lP

lP

ehzym pALLu in Liven udh


Bntehin n
ahu mUscl bnaLy
el

el
w

w
re

re
Ca

Ca

nepss PNJADNOKiud
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 19 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Mine

el

el
Date: 20

ge:

ew

ew
RequlahanDEQlycalysts 2 Glytoquis
r

r
Ca

Ca
ATP tivetTalooR
9VNEA , EAmP

PsGycogo phosphovytat
inhubhio
a

a
rm

rm

rm
stnulahm CGilycogen CuOSA-1phoshai
ha

ha

ha
lP

lP

lP
923
aycogun sunthy -6-P
el

el
ew

ew
Alosleic Pequlahen
r

r
2Hommal
Ca

Ca
2Requlahm by Lat

mmal eqvlahm
CciJ0ou AMIO )

Glucagon Nou epinpmihL


a

a
rm

rm

rm
ha

ha

ha
Attny
lP

lP

lP

GtaGlutogtn Cyua pau/d


po plas
Inacive -D
el

el
w

w
re

re

ATP cHmP
GtlGs inachi
Ca

Ca

Paiva tivnaus

PRosphwayt
G Sb
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 20 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Mine

el

el
: efod Date: /20
ep Page:

ew

ew
Glucagem NE
r

r
Ca

Ca
)
AC
inachie
ATP CAMP
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Glycoqun GluLos Anas
Lp
ha

ha

ha
Phopoyase Pnosphonyloa
lP

lP

lP
nachive ache
el

el
phssplhmaal
ew

ew
resup al2oii
r

r
Ca

Ca
cainlunn
2eegulalbbn hi lalkium (Ca1)

SoCoplasicAuhaulum)
irndgtid9 rettttt
a

a
rm

rm

Achyat Laraa lin@u


rm
ha

ha

ha
PhosphDrylahon
lP

lP

lP

30 luwgm
el

el

G-6-P poull
laAN)
w

w
re

re
Ca

Ca
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
Ph lP lP lP
ar ha ha ha
ma rm rm rm
a a a

References - Internet
Carewell Pharma

Ca Ca Ca
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE

re r r
w ew ew

EFERE
el el el
Ph lP lP lP
ar ha ha ha
ma rm rm rm
a a a

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ca Ca Ca
re r r
w ew ew
el el el
Ph lP lP lP
ar ha ha ha
rm rm rm
Page 21 of 31

ma a a a
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 22 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Mine

el

el
oniM Date /20
otat

ew

ew
r

r
om nm-calooydnaA
Ca

Ca
qlococ lw ShhisÁS

a GlUCo S&
ATP
HOXOinaco
phoyphatat
G-6-p
a

a
A
rm

rm

rm
af-6-PPa
ha

ha

ha
fI6-0s
lP

lP

lP
pho'phat 6-biphephl
el

el
LGly curaldud )C-3-P Dihydooxyaaloiu
ew

ew
tApOsphali
r

r
Ca

Ca
1,3-8isphospha
gIyurau

SPhoihogly rak
a

a
PhoAphoqy corad
rm

rm

PhO AUA
Phokphsenelpyuvau PEP)UD
rm
ha

ha

ha
l s2Oxaloaua ina AAS
lP

lP

lP

LDH )) Pepirat Lactar


el

el

7ftaoeuek
deluydioguek
w

OXaloauai
re

re

N uL)
Ca

Ca

Mauu atatc eaqlutuatr


TALLON
AL uiNhSucunat
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 23 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Date
Page

el

el
ew

ew
Rea chonk

r
Ca

Ca
LonvtAion of pysAMCit-o
9 ake plat Ah uD Ae p
Pysuvat ehetphoeno Conlooxylase CMNeNt
2equlate alu(oCLnLDOnoA
thi enzym
Qud CoAfan achu
autyl
phoxharheo
PEP aAhox Eiae_cowent Dxaloautch
a

a
pywva LeLp)
rm

rm

rm
ha

ha

ha
2 vesim t6-Bisphosphal oif-6-p2
lP

lP

lP
PeP
L-Bikplaaiphal u6-Bisphephkjo
andutad Hhsh phzymL-1i
el

el
pheiphatzu convtat ais
ew

ew
gnig212
r

r
Ca

Ca
owcKi
Catalucid l
Mzy m -6 pkophata
a

a
Sanaiau
rm

rm

Gluoe anny4 rm
ha

ha

ha
App wAgy Aclitan 0USdpA
lP

lP

lP

acumu lau blod


el

el

X lacai glucerol ek
w

So Guco moquA cleon uú muabalL


re

re

bled
Ca

Ca

MaLuttuWO
of bd-0 gloroldalugfaAhng
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 24 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
12
JDate
Pago

el

el
Llood louel Diab ele MULhK

ew

ew
Koqulahm C
NDAaalal2oS level a
r

r
O -fastiug
Ca

Ca
expsSo
a

a
rm

rm

rm
aDiapuas 1 nboaN hr tDiobet miliihsi (pM
ha

ha

ha
lovdoma T
lP

lP

lP
biin4p Dm T4pe DM
AAlG ioN
el

el
cupendur
ew

ew
1
r

r
120vo
Ca

Cauiluzamlmataloaliim
Sourca
awip pieiuyAnr agh aubo tdbstim
DNT OYYAL NoriOGlytolysisA
gluuc HMPHMP palowa
Dnidllo

_
a

a
ONITAT Gycoqunolysks excOSS 201Ulo ATCA Qjda
rm

rm

hu AaMalulbutnvmwd halo rm
ha

ha

ha
lP

lP

lP

Anculin1 u
a polypuptidi haamm pYoduced by
el

el

boolstf al 20tks p-clltfi ulelgnulpafiunlougerhana io


w

iuta ainteg419u0 LounONN NÉ 9VIdO 201uin


re

re

20vohaoid hnnH1ah
Ca

Ca

20ul uiituoup a n thogab 201ulpbanlal


ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 25 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Date 20
Page:

el

el
CuYencg borlyAn adult
Of h

ew

ew
Glurosgiscaubokydhal
human pody (ontain aoutl199 reglutose ús Ovmavn

r
Cajus Suffitieu o mo t9basal enA0 20ulotmu

Ca
o0dy sfoLond hour Thliverhos abour oo g
Aoed ycogun Besidea thi t (apabls ot producing

abut RED 9 Mcos/muinvu 0 g0 -220 ql2u hours

covlm
mosE doueloped
ExpRESioM of aluCncA COnce vtiocion
T
a

a
puAma gutoci tiukad oE bond
rm

rm

rm
Qlutoc)aieAfimattd and exptssed ST Ui (mmal/)
ha

ha

ha
TLA no nowvtr s0 Onhiesfo prach
in doeloping
HaLM t may bnotdha- plaama (nCuraban
lP

lP

lP
liqntty hignur Caout iSL) than blood glurac
el

el
furtra gluø Concen1alhm af 190maidl (piauma on blnd)
o
ew

ew
Corhespmd 1o_ mmal/ An hu book exDHession d hdd
r

r
Ca

Ca
A healHy indvda i thibood qutKL
Capable of mauniniMing

H
ConAtrahon wiin a harrow- raugo, efauting hlod jucosa
lee noasabophieAat 1
0-0 mg/A Cpasma
glurose R0-120 mgid)bllowing wgestin af a _aulhyaah
meal, blood aluos ma hu to
a

a
l2o-uD wgld ofasting
rm

rm

blond luDs Value j Coparadively loweA un hninavdt


avimals LAMep 30 4n wqldi attle so-60 mqld) whil i u
rm
ha

ha

ha
hghins
bvid
lP

lP

lP
el

el

hu Hermn Muprglycomia efers info-n incHase n tu blood


w

aluros nom
above T m
0eHypagkgamia ephil a
re

re

docHasLd blond QUos Lonovtrahim. txcehim e glucos.e in


Ca

Ca

urivu kuown QlycoKUria. Concontrahom of


blood Qluos depundat m h quantity G alutoe
ent drulatimfrom Voriaus SourcD
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 26 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Mine
Date /20

el

el
ptod
Page:

ew

ew
Cdietnyonydaktd alucogenolysis olycouogensi's ett) oncl
amomrlthat
r

r
H Ca ikn tilizd-fi difeAont nutalonic.

Ca
purposeN HCallycolAS Qlycogeuuis ar syntheAI A ert)
illushratd in fiq. n oa n tO
uhad N
Sourco ofblood alvcocttu
DDieay Conbohydratts
ourA) ho diekauy digested ovnd ae
a

a
nnon albsonhed 0A momosacchaaldes Lolucosifmcost
rm

rm

rm
Ipiielgadadtos ete)Thontier awo Capakla of Comvetig fucoc
ha

ha

ha
galactosufnto alutote Ruin(on readily Bdtr blood
and
lP

lP

lP
2) Gluohoqunsis fomchn of alucoca am nm-Canenudnar
el

el
Ho iO(hctalel Ph pysgv)2
ew

ew
3Glucogenolygis Healedouniofn Glucogun iocaneo iuto Giutos
r

r
Ca

Ca
O Glyolysis dnd
Dickary Corbohydraka Nih2i 2 TGA
dee
Cstardyoerost guorno amonalN oizpo/ Glucei oH0
Digeshion and absonphaniN Heglan ugi 20Y Gtuwyers
se in liven liven
ayconunoysis Cuo Blood Glvtote
od iavu
Sunthess of athv
a

a
n muscte tati to-100 wgla monosa cnucl avd
rm

rm

poGH maldlwanMol
rm
Posprandiol 120-140
tactaf awUvoSuars
aolo
ha

ha

ha
fmino odd HmP Ahunt fol pundbrl
baid involo txck ted biudovai AN OLAd NABPH
gyoel, prplonadi
lP

lP

lP

ng/4
Via18o
blabd glucou
ySunFhaT ot ta
Gilucogunolysis
el

el

In liver
w

AAYO
Y ADNAiNTUHlizahon daf
re

re
Ca

Ca

3NT ban 9vil a2oUp Abuhokq


we/n Vlp booldOvavieio bldodaluCa.se unnomeNstatis/.
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 27 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
Page:

el

el
NHlzahiomd blood alucoseln A

ew

ew
CO fa iSue Lueeh brain othrD CyeA eMl
m
Oue excutiveludepondenh

r
wudula
Ca Ond bo marou

Ca
Qlucocef CA0AQu Medp
h
whun-h body M at0tal test, ahouE two-hirds
oraun
fh blo0d qlucose uilized byho
AAT/S1A
blood homeostol
qlucoseln
owirs 1bloodalglucoceia evel (uypoglucii
a

a
203 APAlmanly insvlin
rm

rm

rm
anliot
wnilehct yextof t amoneAiop.pOse ahm. t
ha

ha

ha
nsulin (yplrglyco mua)
lP

lP

lP
GE
Insulin> 9F iSproduced bh -oUA of he Met
el

el
laMgevhaM in reApmsa to pLrgly.comia (elivattd
ew

ew
keme boclieA dngA AUth OA o lhutanude aluD couLf
r

r
Ca

SetHRhOMN insulin 2Mauhuloiio


Ca
0asically _a hpoalycemia haammp ho1o w
9O dA
O Lio
gluros evel nroonh viavs Maan un oioi

the lek o
Ntfn Glucagam
E Syhesizedy
I 007 -cellof
agrhanaipatrattHupnglucenia (lou
a

a
rm

rm

4 blo00 glutoro 1eel) simulatA


hasically
prddu.chon. uagm
involedk int elevahing Alad olvcoce t rm
ha

ha

ha
Con cemtradionj. Ep pnhnnices qluconuqenuis nd
lP

lP

lP

21L3/ )uip bould


yogenDlysip. ulhrunad
el

el

9il
w

fpiw nwin iahanmne Sec-e led by adaenal mudulla


re

re

inuin hmE acs bath o mustk Ond ivea to oning aoutL


Ca

Ca

Qlycagunolucls by incHeatiug phoxphanglase achiuy. The end


poducu quCoCon lie dlachatz in musde. T
util ovttome Matoie inceace blbod qutaLR leel
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 28 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
nM Mine

el

el
Date: /20
Page:

ew

ew
o Thuoxi AAahamo ofithuroid aland 9 elevak
ng
r

r
Ca bloodqlvtose leuel byo timlating hepaic alycoguno-

Ca
lyu rMd
Gucocoaticeidd (E pmoduced
hy 0dnQnol (aktX. elevae
blood alvcose Cmcontkaim
a

a
UATH)Growh honmondind Adzehoconitoopic bamOnes.
rm

rm

rm
Owciono pituütaypnl qland eCrtHtqroun hnmmis
ha

ha

ha
Ond fTH TdIuptaeeio ofgutocby cortan Hsue
AdeRasedby growth naMmme. ATH deortoc
lP

lP

lP
ND gluoce ah tdillzationTh 1nuteffect Wof n thee harmms
el

el
J JauDLraluconie laod
ew

ew
it lo/00NNAS WO oUbivihni mdo
lie tobozn Díaloetai2Mellitug wdhns
r

A an r a
Ca

Ca
more ppropaaklu
napol adl 1E mebdlic isease
nfo duorder 0f fueih mutaholitm 9A mainly chanactized
Toi by 3NT nuiprglycomia hata lends apai several lano tem
ocompli cahonan
N Two tuppi-A DuoInulin-dependentwdiaheteAmellibvsi(iDoM)
ONn-Iniulin- dependou diabeHEN
Mellih (NIDDM)
a

a
rm

rm

n TDDM2 iddi e rm
ha

ha

ha
AIS0tknbwnia typ idiseacelaar (les hequenluph Twerula
lP

lP

lP

Ni spn diaholei mainly botocOUYK hn chldhodd (paaticwaily


ilbjus ]2 ypkiage) DDM accovmifobaout lo-to
el

el

Lofthotakew aildiabehicahviui disea i7haaackaizad hy


w

almost ota Arfeclenty o nsulin due todestruthiam


re

re

bf B-cou pancheae Me -Cou clestmachon may be


Ca

Ca

OULed by dugA viwce o autdmmuiuaj Due certaun o


qenHcyouahut A-Coll ae
recoqnÍzed al m-seLp
and hey Aedxhoye.dhy immune medi.attd inl
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 29 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
el

el
Page:

ew

ew
USualliyktheingymptom afdiabekiappAaIAOMen 3o-40
ne panCHHO
hae boen dertroyed
r

r
AHhe -col
Ca

Ca
ulhmatly-fails0 secHek awin aiN EAp/meo
QuCoLeingextim Thepotient of IODM equire
insulin MtrapylnMn
niinttaorn
2NIDDM
A0 (alUedhpe TdiabtltAOn Les freaetluy) adult
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Otovding f 20-401
nNÓK&eEiO aIn thomos Conn M
diabetes
Of hediabethicui populainNIDDMI OcCVY in 0dulE
ha

ha

ha
sually ame 3urs )ad hicevenetnon DD ess
lP

lP

lP
nmnYn An
hoiiausa tie 1actoniinOfoNIDDIMindudo geh
mong ommmy
acluetAuicaadal
el

el
environmenta,NIDDM
OcCup in aheLe individualy Oen eahng coupled wih
ew

ew
underachun lending o olesiyg OSodakd Hh tne
r

r
deelop moninof NIDDM. Obesity ack A diabeto a
Ca

Ca
biwiifacto uMd eads Jolia deceace in insulin eceptos
on n02 inulin Jhe spmsive fange) cellAL The paient
f NID may hae
D
eliwa nomal ilOeven
inCHasedlinsulinh lewelu
Ma aims LQu
nneduchim h die Codtraldon attn AvAfaaut
a

a
COIrec NDDM.
rm

rm

Recet esRarch inding em NIDDM


Svagest ha rm
ha

ha

ha
slweatinaHR o
ed1evel odumon nLcrosis AtachonHO (TNE-
lP

lP

lP

Lwlrooud hesistin, 0nd Dedvcod uln Serehimoi aduponuchivn


a adipocyeno ohete peopleuCavCeintulin
el

el

RSIstan iapm žngaitainsulin_o-ecepto


w

unchm.
re

re

ulnsinakai odln
Ca

Ca

AlO-

HLNSD
91/YfALh A
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 30 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
(Siological oxidahon
Min

el

el
Date: I120
Page:

ew

ew
elechvon Tasp.0eiiChcin 1ET)

r
Ca

Ca
A iwoi Subkttak li
6dA
NAD+Ht ATP

tpttx-T fMNM opker


a

a
NADH i G
DAATP uthase
rm

rm

rm
ha

ha

ha
vIaomplex-IT
Coenzy mQ 04 ytc redodo Cowpb-
lP

lP

lP
gib-lel- yt
Oxidos
el

el
ew

ew
fApH
Na yo NGTHD
NoA lco ioN
r

r
Auil
Ca

Ca
LatuitiNOX
902Tnhin oLeleckron cwportchoun10 O
Amptal Rotunane RpericidinA
NAD fMN
a

a
LSÚhsfrae
rm

rm

2AtinutinA oo rm
ha

ha

ha
r ta (BAL
oLsbeda stra
lP

lP

lP

ouninnalL9 Socuyn yauo,


CO
el

el
w

w
re

re

JNt AG
w
Ca

Ca

JNT 42 ALNAL owbnabat


Da Mkihd bindiuleo ApARof anehsttananE
Oas TheA e iy-oTnbdedii2e ETC
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet
a

a
rm

rm

rm
Page 31 of 31
Carewell Pharma
ha

ha

ha
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
lP

lP

lP
el

el
Mine-
Date: 120

ew

ew
Page:

roktm
r

r
CoewiynA tish poicon
D nhbib
Ca f

Ca
On
Cyt b CytC,i Antimyin A
Cni' bloheBrikh il:anilewikir (0A) mmDxldu,
D hubit off yt oudal 6lasbn

HupaHhoUA
a

a
Mypothui nove puEfon to explain
rm

rm

rm
proco Dxidahve phosphoylahm amdu
ha

ha

ha
dAaskANO (wmm-
umolly covpling.
Oshatic upatu
lP

lP

lP
el

el
DChimucalCoupliug hupsthuu Ac to elzchom
2dsjean Apiodau
ew

ew
chain 0 Cie o phaphaylatdugh ennay
r

r
poduro ahich nL tlicd
Ca

Ca
OtA Aunthw OATP th powuiu laces
Pxpimutal attmp to isolag

ühisnon ofantto9 latume


2Dhy-OsMOHC Mypathis H7 qradieut)a bauApa
a

a
rm

rm

hlanglh
hf H im
LOUhMed
h hansloCahn rm
ha

ha

ha
ACYDŠCth Anhin mitochamdnua
MLmbrah Om vo Mamx nttnhtmblakL
lP

lP

lP

Apaco Pmplng of H esul n


ele cbochtu(ol
ayadheni AO
el

el

hu dueo accumulah
MOA H* l DETA sidu o
w

innu
Mutnchmdia momlorano than-h
re

re

innu_S Th
iO atadiau Aelopa iALthatopldbou fteD
Ca

Ca

w
eLpnétayihao 1N DKcotrendr otDest on
swtheushiLaATAnt2
ma

ma

ma
ar

ar

ar

search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube


Ph

Ph

Ph

References - Internet

You might also like