Summary Critical Reading Riska Amalia Pbi A

Riska Amalia
210502501014
Critical Reading
PBI A/01
Theoretical Aspects on Reading Comprehension

The purpose of reading is to have access to the literature written in a language so we can
state that reading is an activity with a purpose.Besides reading to get informed we can read
for pleasure too. A text is encoded and the reader should use the appropriate techniques of
reading the words, sentences and paragraphs to decode it, to comprehend what he or she
reads.
The level of reader comprehension of the text is determined by “how well the reader
variables (interest level in the text, purpose for reading the text, knowledge of the topic,
foreign language abilities, awareness of the reading process, and level of willingness to take
risks) interact with the text (text type, structure, syntax, and vocabulary)” [2].
These two are considered vital and equal in importance to skilled reading by Rumelhart 1977
and Stanovich 1980 [4] while Urquhart and Weir consider that intensive reading or reading to
learn requires a different balance between these processes [5].
In order to read fluently, Grabe and Stoller consider that students should be involved in timed
and paced activities, word recognition exercises and extensive reading both in and out of the
classroom [6] Reading comprehension results when the reader knows which skills and
strategies are appropriate for the type of text, and understands how to apply them to
accomplish the reading purpose” [8].
Using these motivational theories as reference points, Wigfield and Guthrie divide reading
motivation into the following three categories, which entail 11 sub-components: competence
and reading efficacy with three subcategories (reading efficacy reading challenge reading
work avoidance), achievement values and goals with intrinsic motivation having at its turn
three components (reading curiosity, reading involvement and importance of reading) and
extrinsic motivation with competition in reading, reading recognition and reading for grades
and the third main category the social aspects of reading with two components: social reasons
for reading and reading compliance [11].
Another step in effectively teaching students how to read materials written in a second
language is helping the individual reader to identify effective reading strategies based on text
variables. The level of reader comprehension of the text is determined by how well the reader
variables (interest level in the text, purpose for reading the text, knowledge of the topic,
foreign language abilities, awareness of the reading process, and level of willingness to take
risks) interact with the text variables (text type, structure, syntax, and vocabulary) [12].
Methods and Strategies in Reading Active, purposeful reading leads to true meaningful
learning. As a student there is a lot of reading for the academic work so our students should
get familiar with the strategies that help them read effectively, at a quick pace so that they
could get the maximum benefits with reasonable time to spend on this task. Although there is
no major difference in the strategies used when reading for pleasure from those used when
reading for academic purposes, when you sit with a reading test in front of you, you have to
select the most appropriate procedures to find the right answer in a given time.
As you need to understand new vocabulary and the style in which your study materials are
written, identify the main points in a piece of text, select the key information relevant to your
task or assignment and read actively and critically, thinking about the sources of your
information and whether there is evidence to back up any arguments that are made. Active
reading means full understanding of what you read and involves thinking while reading.
–Detailed reading, to extract the information accurately is when one reads every word of
thetext.
Teachers should not assume that students understand the reading tasks just because we all can
read. We think of tasks such as: to write the answer of a question you ask that needs an
elaborate answer, to write a summary of an article they read, to think of questions for their
classmates related to a text they all read, to have a glossary of the words they did not
understand while reading various texts.

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Riska Amalia

Theoretical Aspects on Reading Comprehension

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