The document discusses interfacing LEDs with an ARM LPC2148 microcontroller board. It describes the hardware components, software tools, and pin connections used. It provides details on the ARM architecture and LPC2148 features. It then outlines an algorithm and procedure to write a program in Keil uVision to blink the LEDs by turning port pins high and low using delays.
The document discusses interfacing LEDs with an ARM LPC2148 microcontroller board. It describes the hardware components, software tools, and pin connections used. It provides details on the ARM architecture and LPC2148 features. It then outlines an algorithm and procedure to write a program in Keil uVision to blink the LEDs by turning port pins high and low using delays.
The document discusses interfacing LEDs with an ARM LPC2148 microcontroller board. It describes the hardware components, software tools, and pin connections used. It provides details on the ARM architecture and LPC2148 features. It then outlines an algorithm and procedure to write a program in Keil uVision to blink the LEDs by turning port pins high and low using delays.
The document discusses interfacing LEDs with an ARM LPC2148 microcontroller board. It describes the hardware components, software tools, and pin connections used. It provides details on the ARM architecture and LPC2148 features. It then outlines an algorithm and procedure to write a program in Keil uVision to blink the LEDs by turning port pins high and low using delays.
Experiment no. 3 Aim: To write a program for Interfacing LEDs with LPC2148.
Apparatus: ARM LPC2148 board, USB cable and PC
Software used: Keil uVision4, Flash Magic
Interfacing Diagram:
Theory:
ARM processors are 32-bit RISC microprocessors based on a common architecture.
These processors are licensed to the manufacturers who want to build ARM-based products. The two main types of licenses are the Implementation license and the Architecture license. ARM licenses two types of cores: soft cores and hard cores. A hard core is optimized for a specific manufacturing process, while a soft core can be used in any process but is less optimal. The architecture license enables the licensee to develop their own processors compliant with the ARM ISA.
1 S.C.O.E. Department of E&TC Engineering (2021-22) Embedded Processors All ARM instructions are 32-bit long and have 3 operand encoding. All operands are 32 bits. It also supports multiply- accumulate instruction that gives 32- or 64-bit results form 32-bit inputs. ARM has a load-store ISA. Most of the processors use a 3-stage pipeline consisting of fetch, decode and execution stages. The pipeline executes one instruction per cycle. Newer versions of the ARM use 5- to 8-stage pipelines which can operate at higher clock rate. Most of the ARM processors have separate instruction and data caches.
ARM supports multiple-register-transfers which allow to load/store up to
16 registers simultaneously. The ARM architecture has 16, 32-bit general purpose registers, the PC being one of them. There is a current program status register (CPSR) which reflects the execution state of the processor, the execution modes, the interrupt enable flag, the conditional flags, and to switch between ARM and Thumb instruction sets. The Thumb-mode uses 16-bit instruction to reduce the code density and increase the performance of the processor where smaller memory and data buses are used. Some of the new processors allow Java byte code execution directly from ARM pipeline called Jazelle. Also, ARM supports an addition of a co- processor to extend its instruction set.
Based on RISC design principles, ARM processors are simple designs taking less silicon area with performance comparable to the powerful CISC machines. ARM’s goal is to optimize the price/performance ratio rather than building the most powerful processor in market. Another design goal for ARM processors is to have minimum design time. This is achieved by the modular nature of ARM processors. Because of the small chip area and use of static CMOS technology makes this processor energy efficient. These processor have the capability to shut down the clock which is important for Hence, it finds applications in many embedded applications.
LPC214x Pin connect block
Features: Allows individual pin configuration.
Applications: The purpose of the Pin connect block is to configure the
microcontroller pins to the desired functions.
Description: The pin connect block allows selected pins of the microcontroller to have more than one function. Configuration registers control the multiplexers to allow connection between the pin and the on chip peripherals.
2 S.C.O.E. Department of E&TC Engineering (2021-22) Embedded Processors Peripherals should be connected to the appropriate pins prior to being activated, and prior to any related interrupt(s) being enabled. Activity of any enabled peripheral function that is not mapped to a related pin should be considered undefined. Selection of a single function on a port pin completely excludes all other functions otherwise available on the same pin.
LPC214x GPIO Features:
• Every physical GPIO port is accessible via either the group of registers providing enhanced features and accelerated port access or the legacy group of registers
• Accelerated GPIO functions:
– GPIO registers are relocated to the ARM local bus so that the fastest possible I/O timing can be achieved
– Mask registers allow treating sets of port bits as a group, leaving other bits unchanged
– All registers are byte and half-word addressable
– Entire port value can be written in one instruction
• Bit-level set and clear registers allow a single instruction set or clear of any number of bits in one port
• Direction control of individual bits
• All I/O default to inputs after reset
• Backward compatibility with other earlier devices is maintained with legacy
registers appearing at the original addresses on the APB bus.
3 S.C.O.E. Department of E&TC Engineering (2021-22) Embedded Processors
Generic Name Description Access Reset value GPIO Port Pin value register. The current IOPIN state of the GPIO configured port pins can R/W NA always be read from this register, regardless of pin direction.
GPIO Port Output Set register. This register
IOSET controls the state of output pins in conjunction R/W 0x0000 with the IOCLR register. Writing ones produces 0000 highs at the corresponding port pins. Writing zeroes has no effect.
IODIR GPIO Port Direction control register. This R/W 0x0000
register individually controls the direction of each 0000 port pin. GPIO Port Output Clear register. This register controls the state of output pins. Writing ones IOCLR produces lows at the corresponding port pins and WO 0x0000 clears the corresponding bits in the IOSET 0000 register. Writing zeroes has no effect.
On the board, 8 LED’s are provided in common cathode configuration. They are interfaced to Port Pins P0.12 to P0.19. To make LED on, logic 1 is to be provided.
LED interfacing details
Device Pin Details LED 1 P0.12 LED 2 P0.13 LED 3 P0.14 LED 4 P0.15 LED 5 P0.16 LED 6 P0.17 LED 7 P0.18 LED 8 P0.19 Peripheral Selection SW 20 towards LED_ON SW21 away from LCD_ON 4 S.C.O.E. Department of E&TC Engineering (2021-22) Embedded Processors Algorithm:
1. Initialize the ports of LPC 2148.
2. Make the port lines high to glow LED.
3. Call delay.
4. Make the port lines low to glow LED off.
5. Call delay.
6. Go to step 2.
Procedure:
1. Click for Keil Icon which appearing after Installing Keil µVision 4.
2. Click on Project Menu, Then New Project.
3. Create New Project Folder named as “LED”.
4. Select Target Device Vendor (NXP) and then select specific chip LPC2148.
5. Add Startup code to project folder and add file to project.
6. Now Click on File Menu and Click on New.
7. Write Code for experiment in C and FileName.c Save.
8. Now you add FileName.c file by adding source Group 1 Add files to Group ‘Source Group 1’.
9. Now Click on Options for Target ‘Target 1’.
10. Go to Options for Target ‘Target 1’. Click on Check Box Create HEX File.
11. Then go to Linker. Click on Use Memory Layout for Target Dialog.
12. Then Click on Rebuild All Target Files
13. Now you see 0 Error(s), 0 Warning (s). Then Hex File will create in Specific Folder. Now to download it for you target hardware using Flash Magic Utility.
5 S.C.O.E. Department of E&TC Engineering (2021-22) Embedded Processors 14. Connect USB cable to the board & detect which COM port is detected of your PC.
15. Connect the power supply to the board and switch ON power Switch.
16. Start flash magic utility and select the appropriate device LPC2148 and serial port settings.
17. Change the position of RUN/ISP switch to ISP mode. Ensure that you push the Reset switch on the board before you click download button on the flash magic utility.
18. Change the position of RUN/ISP switch to RUN mode & see the result.
PDF Universal Access in Human Computer Interaction User and Context Diversity 7th International Conference UAHCI 2013 Held as Part of HCI International 2013 Las Vegas NV USA July 21 26 2013 Proceedings Part II 1st Edition Stijn Bannier download
PDF Universal Access in Human Computer Interaction User and Context Diversity 7th International Conference UAHCI 2013 Held as Part of HCI International 2013 Las Vegas NV USA July 21 26 2013 Proceedings Part II 1st Edition Stijn Bannier download
