Cambridge IGCSE™

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) March 2021
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 80

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the March 2021 series for most Cambridge
IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

This document consists of 10 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any
correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus
terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where
necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should
be treated as a single incorrect response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by
the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a × 10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) 78 N A3

(m=) ρV OR ρ = m / V in any form C1

W = mg C1

1(b) 4.5 × 103 N A3

(F=) (Δ)PA OR P = F / A in any form C1

(ΔP = 1.3 × 105 – 1.0 × 105 = ) 3 × 104 C1

outwards B1

1(c) (ρ =) 800 kg / m3 A3

(ρ =) P / gh OR P= ρ gh in any form C1

(ρ =) 9.6 × 104 / (10 × 12) C1

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) (moment of a force) is the turning effect (about a point / pivot) B1

2(a)(ii) 2.8 × 106 N m A2

(moment = ) Fd in any form C1

2(b)(i) scalar / speed has magnitude only OR scalar / speed has no direction B1

vector / velocity has magnitude and direction B1

2(b)(ii) any scalar quantity B1

any vector quantity B1

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Question Answer Marks

2(c) correct triangle or parallelogram drawn B1

resultant force (including correct arrow) B1

scale 1 cm = 4 N or 1 cm = 5 N B1

40 – 47 N AND 33° – 40° (anticlockwise from 20 N) B1

Question Answer Marks

3(a) renewable / yes B1

crops can be regrown (to replace resource) / waste materials don’t run out B1

3(b) water will cool (too much) / thermal energy lost (during transfer) B1

lag/insulate (pipes) OR transport in a poor conductor of thermal energy B1

3(c) any two from: B2

• air pollution / harmful gases / acid rain

• CO2 / greenhouse gases / contribution to global warming
• not renewable
• damage from mining / drilling or any valid environmental consequence of transport of coal

Question Answer Marks

4(a) molecules strike walls B1

momentum (of molecules) changes / momentum = mass × velocity B1

force = rate of change of momentum B1

pressure = (sum of) force(s) / area / pressure = rate of change of momentum / area B1

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Question Answer Marks

4(b)(i) (p2=) p1V1 / V2 A2

p1V1 = p2V2 C1

4(b)(ii) greater B1

molecules move faster / have greater KE / molecules have greater momentum B1

(leads to) more frequent / harder collisions (with walls) / great rate of change of momentum B1

Question Answer Marks

5(a) echo B1

5(b) (λ=) 7.5 × 10-4 m A3

(λ=) v / f OR v = fλ in any form C1

(λ=) 1.5 × 103 / 2 × 106 C1

5(c)(i),(ii) labelled wavelength of incident wave B1

3 part circles to the left of the barrier and centred to right of the barrier B1

wavelengths of reflected and incident waves same B1

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Question Answer Marks

6(a) Any two correct rays from M2

• from O through optical centre (and beyond)
• from O parallel to principal axis to centre line of lens then through F1
• from F2 through O to centreline of lens then parallel to principal axis

rays traced back to intersect AND 2.4 – 3.6 cm A1

6(b) magnified B1

same way up as object B1

virtual B1

6(c) one ray from each prism refracted towards principal axis B1

(rays) converge to the right of original convergence on the principal axis B1

Question Answer Marks

7(a) no cutting of (magnetic) flux / magnetic field B1

7(b) to the top of the page / RH box B1

current, motion and (magnetic) field B1

mutually at right angles

(magnetic) field from left to right B1

7(c)(i) opposite current (direction) / opposite deflection (on ammeter) B1

7(c)(ii) greater current / deflection B1

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Question Answer Marks

8(a) energy supplied by a source in driving charge around a complete circuit / energy needed to drive unit charge / 1 coulomb B1
round circuit

8(b)(i) (P=) 90 W A3

(P=) V I in any form C1

(V / R OR I =) 2 C1

8(b)(ii) (p.d. =) 15 V A2

(p.d. =) 60 – 45 C1

8(b)(iii) (I = 15 / 10 =) 1.5 A A2

(I =) V / R OR V = IR in any form C1

Question Answer Marks

9(a) I / P I / P O / P B1

0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

I / P I / P O / P B1

0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

9(b) two inputs to curved face, sharp end with small circle and one output B1

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Question Answer Marks

9(c)(i) 1
0
1
0

9(c)(ii) AND B1

input 1 and 1 gives output 1 B1

any 0 input gives 0 output B1

Question Answer Marks

10(a) 2 B1

4 B1

+2 B1

10(b) 90 90 0
Sr → Y+ β
38 39 −1

nucleon numbers 90 on both sides of equation B1

Sr and proton number 38 on left AND Y and proton number 39 on right B1

0 B1
β (to right of arrow)
−1

10(c) (original mass = 4 / 9.2 =) 37 mg A2

2 half-lives C1

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