A Research Proposal
A Research Proposal
A Research Proposal
This document has been set up to assist candidates in preparing the text for their Confirmation of
Candidature Research Proposal.
It is NOT intended as a document to guide you through your development of the content, but to
assist you in formatting the work, in terms of text layout, section headings and sub-sections.
The work must be developed with your Advisory Panel. The length of the document will vary
depending on your discipline and project but will be no less than 5 pages and no more than 20
excluding references and appendices. The first version of the project proposal is to be sent via
your primary advisor for external review. Once reviewer comments are addressed the final version
approved by your Advisory Panel is to be attached to the COC-Assessment Form and submitted
via your Primary Advisor for approval.
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WHEN YOU ARE DONE, DELETE THIS FRONT INSTRUCTION PAGE FROM YOUR
PROPOSAL
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Confirmation of candidature
TYPE THE TITLE OF YOUR PROJECT HEREIMPACT OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACACT ON EMPLOYEE
Updated 9.12.2021 2
STUDENT NAME: Type your name here
STUDENT NUMBER: Enter your student number
Updated 9.12.2021 3
CONTENTS
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................................................9
PROJECT SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................................................5
Updated 9.12.2021 4
PROJECT WORK PLAN - 1 – 2 PAGES............................................................................................................................. 11
YOUR RESEARCH PLAN...................................................................................................................................................11
THESIS OUTLINE............................................................................................................................................................. 12
OUTLINE OF PROPOSED THESIS CHAPTERS AND PUBLICATIONS....................................................................................12
RESEARCH PLANNING AND COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................13
DATA MANAGEMENT..................................................................................................................................................... 13
ETHICS............................................................................................................................................................................13
PROJECT BUDGET (COMPULSORY REQUIREMENT FOR DIVISION OF TROPICAL HEALTH AND MEDICINE)....................13
RISK MANAGEMENT.......................................................................................................................................................13
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY..............................................................................................................................................13
YOU MAY DELETE ANY OF THE SECTIONS BELOW NOT RELEVANT TO YOUR PROJECT.................................................. 14
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND MATTERS............................................................................................................................. 14
OFF CAMPUS REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................................................................... 14
HEALTH AND SAFETY.....................................................................................................................................................14
PERMITS AND PERMISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DATA COLLECTION.............................................................................14
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS................................................................................................................................................15
GRANT FUNDING.............................................................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................................................16
APPENDICES...................................................................................................................................................................17
Appendix 3: Budget..........................................................................................................................................................19
Updated 9.12.2021 5
Research purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine which elements of the
academic employee’s psychological contract are impacting employee engagement at a
university of technology.
Motivation for the study: The study was motivated by the findings of a 2013 climate
survey at an institute of higher education, indicating that many employees were
dissatisfied and believed that their expectations were not met by the organisation.
Main findings: The study confirmed that most employees appear to have developed a
positive psychological contract. It indicated, however, that many employees may be
experiencing discord in the employment relationship. Both transactional and relational
elements of the psychological contract appeared to be essential to academic employees.
Updated 9.12.2021 6
PROJECT SUMMARYOBJECTIVES
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BACKGROUND, SIGNIFICANCE AND OBJECTIVES OF YOUR
RESEARCH (HEADING 1) – 1,000-2,500
WORDSINTRODUCTION
A psychological contract refers to the contracts or commitments between the employer and the
employee that are not formally written but are mostly just verbal. These kind of commitments are
usually informal but still bound the involved persons to some extent because of the psychological
impacts and pressure.
Our research paper would understand the impacts of these psychological contracts and determine
that to what extent these contracts matter in a company and what do they really mean to the
employer and the employees.
LITRERATURE REVIEW
There is thorough research already been done by many scholars regarding psychological contracts
and they would be really helpful to provide us with reasonable ground to start with. Although
psychological contracts do hold value regarding commitments but they also seem to offer some
problems because of their informal nature (E. Guest, 1999). A big issue in this matter is that the
psychological contract is that companies are not able to ensure the organizational career and job
security or do not keep their promises, and suggests that the novelty of this problem has been
overstated
(Heading 1 from the selection above for your main heading, use all caps, do not use anything else
as the table of contents has been automated to use this setting)
Background (Heading 2)
(Use Heading 2 from the selection of styles on the menu bar above. Do
NOT use all capitals, but write as is shown above. Do not use anything
else as the Table of Contents has been automated to include this style
for a subheading.)
This section should provide the critical argument that underpins the objectives of your research by
describing:
Updated 9.12.2021 8
What is the scholarly context or theoretical background of the problem you are studying?
Where are the knowledge gaps and why are they important?
How will your work extend and add to the work that has been published already?
What are your research questions/hypotheses?
For PhDs with creative works/non-traditional research outputs: What is the body of knowledge to
which your creative work will bring insight? Why is this practice and scholarship significant? What
theory or scholarship will you draw on to understand your creative work/processes and/or to situate
your work in a wider community of creative practice? How do the research questions inform the
creative practice?
For PhDs using arts-based research methods in social science or related humanities research, it is
less important to reflect on your work in relation to a community of arts practice. Instead you must
explain how and why art as mode of enquiry will further your research, noting how particular
aesthetic and expressive modes that reach beyond the conventions of academic writing will allow
for new kinds of approaches to, and insights into, the topic under investigation.
The language of project proposals differs across disciplines. Some proposals may use aims (or
goals) and objectives, some use research questions, others use hypotheses. Use the vocabulary
that is accepted in your discipline. Consult with your Advisory Panel. The objectives form the
basis for the activities of the project and also serve as the basis for evaluating the project at your
Confirmation of Candidature.
Referencing (Heading 3)
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write as is shown above. Do not use anything else as the Table of Contents has been automated
to include this style for a sub-subheading)
Updated 9.12.2021 9
Project Method – 1,000-2,000 wordsRESEARCH DESIGN
This research falls under a positivistic paradigm with emphasis on a deductive approach.
The study predominantly relied on quantitative data and the employment of a survey
2006).
The study was conducted in the social world using the quantitative research paradigm. The
research is both descriptive and analytical in nature and data were collected through a standard
questionnaire. A survey questionnaire was deemed the most appropriate method for this study,
allowing insight into the motivations, beliefs and attitudes of the respondents. It offers a greater
possibility of anonymity, is better for sensitive and personal topics and is cost-effective. It also
provides an overview of a representative sample of a large population and allows easy comparison
with other studies that use similar questions (punnett & shenkar, 2004, p. 136).
A total stratified random sample of 300 academic employees was chosen for the study. A sample
from each faculty was selected in proportion to the size of the faculty in relation to the population
as a whole. A pilot test was performed by 30 academic employees who were contacted personally.
The indication was that the questionnaire was in a suitable format and the questions clear and easy
to understand, although somewhat lengthy.
Data collection
Primary as well as secondary data were collected for this study. The main sources of secondary
data were various journals, Internet articles, research articles and textbooks. Primary data were
collected via a self-administered questionnaire. The link to the online questionnaire was
distributed on 22 September 2016 with a 4-month response window. The response rate was fairly
slow because of student protest action that took place nationally at higher education institutions
during that period. A reasonable sample of 230 responses was received, representing a response
Updated 9.12.2021 10
rate of 57.5%. A total of 23 responses were incomplete; therefore only 207 responses were included
in the study.
Data management
Because participation in this study was online and the data were presented in Excel spreadsheets,
it did not have to be manually encoded, captured or cleaned, eliminating errors. A range of
descriptive and inferential data analysis techniques were conducted on the primary data collected
in order to address the research question.
The research results were presented as graphical and descriptive statistics. Bar graphs, frequency
tables and percentages were calculated using Stata version 13 statistical software. The mean,
standard deviation median, minimum and maximum values were produced for categorical
variables.
The chi-square test was used to test for association between any two categorical variables.
The interpretation was performed at ɑ = 0.05. Thus, the association was declared
Significant if the p-value was found to be less than 0.05. The chi-square was found appropriate in
determining the significance of the relationship between categorical variables of the sample. Pearson’s R
was used, where the level of measurement of both variables presumes the properties of interval-level
(numerical) data. To analyse data from the open-ended questions, quantitative content analysis was used
to extract common themes through frequency counts. The textual information was reduced and its
properties, such as the frequencies of most used keywords, were systematically identified, in the content of
the open-ended questions.
Results
The questionnaire
Updated 9.12.2021 11
Standardised questionnaires on psychological contracts were adapted in order to include items
that were deemed relevant to the higher education sector. The questionnaire consisted of three
sections with the ‘Introduction’ section addressing the demographic information of the
respondents. The ‘Research design’ section dealt with the perception of the respondents regarding
ten factors influencing the psychological contract. These were fairness, trust, the deal, transactional
and relational elements, breach, violation, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, employee
engagement and intentions to quit or stay. The ‘Results’ section presented three open-ended
Reliability analysis
Cronbach’s alpha was applied to measure the instrument’s internal consistency. When the alpha is
0.70 or higher, it is considered acceptable in most social science research situations. The results for
the subscales are presented in Table 2. From the table it is clear that the result for each is well
above this accepted value, indicating that the study was reliable.
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IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE Including
How will you collect your data or research materials? If you are not
going to collect new data, what data sources will you use?
How do you propose to analyse your data and/or critically reflect and
interpret your research materials? What software will you use? Why
have you chosen this methodology? Provide sufficient detail for the
reader to understand the research strategy, process or creative work,
and approach to be taken.
Updated 9.12.2021 13
These aspects will evolve during your candidature but it is
important to think them through at this stage. Ensure this
is captured in the Research Data Management Plan (RDMP)
in Research Data JCU.
Updated 9.12.2021 14
Project ConStraints
IMPLICATIONS
THIS STUDY CONTRIBUTES THE APPLICATION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT TO ENGAGEMENT AND
RETENTION MANAGEMENT IN A HIGHER EDUCATION CONTEXT. NOT MANY STUDIES HAVE BEEN
CONDUCTED IN THIS FIELD; THEREFORE THE STUDY PROVIDES FURTHER INSIGHT INTO THIS
THE STUDY ADVANCES AN UNDERSTANDING OF ACADEMIC EMPLOYEES’ VIEWS OF WHAT THEY BELIEVE
IS IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION AND HOW
Updated 9.12.2021 15
RESULTS to date – up to 1,000 words or 3 pages
The study brought into focus salient inducements such as competitive and fair remuneration,
recognition of contributions, career development and job security that are specific to the
psychology contracts of academic employees. When considering retention policies for the
organisation, the organisation must include suggested inducements such as training for protean
careers. For organisations to be effective in managing the psychological contract, they must
abandon commonly held views of what employees value. The study assisted in identifying what
the respondents viewed as important, making a valuable contribution to the understanding of
knowledge workers. In addition, employees should be part of the engagement process when
determining organisational strategies regarding retention, employee engagement and job
satisfaction. This will reduce the gap between promises made to employees and reality
experienced and ensure greater levels of retention and engagement of talented employees, which
is a critical factor for competitive advantage in organisations. This is section is not essential
If you have already made progress with your project and have results, please summarise
them. Include figures and tables where appropriate. You are welcome to include any
published papers as an appendix.
There have been limited studies conducted on the relationship between psychological contracts
and employee engagement. The results of this study add greatly to the body of academic
knowledge on the psychological contract and employee engagement. The results of this study also
add to the understanding of the nature of the academic psychological contract, which could assist
higher education institutions in managing it. It also creates a better understanding of the needs of
academic employees and the impact of psychological contract fulfilment and breach. This could
Acknowledgements
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately
influenced them in writing this article.
Updated 9.12.2021 16
Authors’ contributions
I.a. conducted the study and all data collection. R.r. was the first supervisor, guiding the student and
overseeing the collection of the data and ethical conduct of the student. V.n. was the co-supervisor,
Updated 9.12.2021 17
PROJECT WORK PLAN - 1 – 2 PAGES
Updated 9.12.2021 18
AS APPROPRIATE, YOUR PLAN SHOULD INCLUDE TIME
POINTS RELATED TO HDR CANDIDATURE MILESTONES,
EXPERIMENTS, STUDIES, FIELDWORK, RESEARCH
COMMUNICATION, RESEARCH METHODS COURSES,
LABORATORY SAFETY COURSES, RESEARCH ETHICS, THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CREATIVE WORK, PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER APPROVALS, SKILLS TRAINING,
ANALYSING YOUR DATA, WRITING YOUR THESIS AND
PREPARING YOUR PUBLICATIONS AND/OR CREATIVE WORK.
Updated 9.12.2021 19
THESIS OUTLINE
Updated 9.12.2021 20
CHAPTER NO. CHAPTER TITLE
Updated 9.12.2021 21
OR
Updated 9.12.2021 22
RESEARCH PLANNING AND COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS
DATA MANAGEMENT
☐ YES ☐ NO ☐ N/A
ETHICS
Updated 9.12.2021 23
☐ YES ☐ NO ☐ N/A
☐ YES ☐ NO ☐ N/A
RISK MANAGEMENT
Updated 9.12.2021 24
☐ YES ☐ NO ☐ N/A
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
☐ YES ☐ NO ☐ N/A
Updated 9.12.2021 25
IF YOUR PROJECT OR ITS LOCATION WILL SPECIFICALLY
INVOLVE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OR MATTERS, OR THERE IS
A HIGH LIKELIHOOD OF INCIDENTALLY INCLUDING A
SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WITHIN
YOUR SAMPLE, CONFIRM YOU HAVE DISCUSSED THESE
WITH YOUR ADVISORY PANEL AND ADOPTED APPROPRIATE
PROTOCOLS. BE AWARE THAT MANY TYPES OF DATA
COLLECTION INCIDENTALLY INCLUDE INDIGENOUS
PEOPLES IN SAMPLING AND THAT YOU NEED TO ENSURE
YOUR ENGAGEMENT IS CULTURALLY SAFE, REGARDLESS
OF YOUR SPECIFIC PROJECT TOPIC. CONFIRM YOU HAVE
DISCUSSED YOUR AWARENESS OF AND APPROACH TO
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHTS IN RESEARCH, ANY
ACTIVITIES YOU HAVE UNDERTAKEN, AND ANY CONCERNS
YOU MAY STILL HAVE. CONFIRM THAT YOU HAVE OR WILL
ATTEND ANY SPECIAL TRAINING SUCH AS THE INDIGENOUS
RESEARCH PROTOCOLS WORKSHOP, OR HAVE ENGAGED
AN INDIGENOUS REFERENCE GROUP, TO ENSURE YOU ARE
READY TO UNDERTAKE YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT
APPROPRIATELY.
☐ YES ☐ NO
Updated 9.12.2021 26
CONFIRM THAT FOR ANY RESEARCH WORK TO BE
CONDUCTED OFF CAMPUS, ARRANGEMENTS HAVE BEEN
MADE TO FACILITATE THIS. FOR EXAMPLE, YOU HAVE
CONSIDERED IN YOUR RISK ASSESSMENT SUCH ISSUES AS
VACCINATION OR PROTECTION FROM INFECTIOUS
DISEASES, SPECIFIC TRAINING OR EQUIPMENT THAT MAY
BE INVOLVED IN PREPARING TO UNDERTAKE FIELD WORK.
☐ YES ☐ NO
☐ YES ☐ NO
Updated 9.12.2021 27
CONFIRM THAT ANY PERMITS OR PERMISSIONS REQUIRED
TO UNDERTAKE YOUR RESEARCH WORK, HAVE BEEN
OBTAINED OR ARE IN PROGRESS, AND PERMISSIONS AND
STRATEGIES ARE IN PLACE TO ENSURE THAT MEETING
THESE REQUIREMENTS WILL NOT DELAY CANDIDATURE.
FOR EXAMPLE, IF WORKING WITH CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS A
BLUE CARD IS REQUIRED; MOST RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN
MARINE PARKS REQUIRES A PERMIT ISSUED JOINTLY BY
THE MARINE PARK AUTHORITY AND THE QUEENSLAND
PARKS AND WILDLIFE SERVICE.
☐ YES ☐ NO
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
GRANT FUNDING
Updated 9.12.2021 28
REFERENCES
Updated 9.12.2021 29
APPENDICES
INDIVIDUAL
EFFECTIVENESS (IE)
RESEARCH STANDARDS
(RS):
PROFESSIONAL
ENGAGEMENT (PE)
Updated 9.12.2021 31
NOTE GRS REQUIREMENT: GRS WILL ARRANGE APPROVAL OF THE PLAN AND COMPLETION
OF COMPULSORY COMPONENTS.
THE CANDIDATE MUST THEN USE THE EXPERT REVIEWER’S REPORT AND THEIR ADVISORS’
ADVICE TO REVISE AND AMEND THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL PRIOR TO SUBMISSION OF THE
CONFIRMATION OF CANDIDATURE FORM.
Updated 9.12.2021 32
RESPONSE TO EXPERT REVIEWER’S REPORT
Updated 9.12.2021 33
APPENDIX 3: BUDGET
LABOUR ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
COSTS
(E.G.
CASUAL
LABOUR
, TOTAL
HOURS
@ $/HR)
OPERAT ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
ING
COSTS
(INCLUD
E
EQUIPM
ENT
COSTIN
G
<$1,000
PER
ITEM)
EQUIPM ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
ENT
COSTS
(INCLUD
E
EQUIPM
ENT
COSTIN
G
>$1,000
AMOUNT BASIS FOR FUNDING IS FUNDING
ITEM
($AUD) ESTIMATE SOURCE SECURED?
PER
ITEM)
PROJEC ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
T
TRAVEL
COSTS
RESEAR ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
CH
TRAININ
G
COSTS
OTHER ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
COSTS
(INCLUD
E
CONFER
ENCE
COSTS)
TOTAL
COST
YEAR 1
AMOUNT BASIS FOR FUNDING IS FUNDING
ITEM
($AUD) ESTIMATE SOURCE SECURED?
LABOUR ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
COSTS
(E.G.
CASUAL
LABOUR
, TOTAL
HOURS
@ $/HR)
OPERAT ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
ING
COSTS
(INCLUD
E
EQUIPM
ENT
COSTIN
G
<$1,000
PER
ITEM)
EQUIPM ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
ENT
COSTS
(INCLUD
E
EQUIPM
ENT
COSTIN
G
>$1,000
AMOUNT BASIS FOR FUNDING IS FUNDING
ITEM
($AUD) ESTIMATE SOURCE SECURED?
PER
ITEM)
PROJEC ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
T
TRAVEL
COSTS
RESEAR ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
CH
TRAININ
G
COSTS
OTHER ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
COSTS
(INCLUD
E
CONFER
ENCE
COSTS)
TOTAL
COST
YEAR 2
AMOUNT BASIS FOR FUNDING IS FUNDING
ITEM
($AUD) ESTIMATE SOURCE SECURED?
LABOUR ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
COSTS
(E.G.
CASUAL
LABOUR
, TOTAL
HOURS
@ $/HR)
OPERAT ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
ING
COSTS
(INCLUD
E
EQUIPM
ENT
COSTIN
G
<$1,000
PER
ITEM)
EQUIPM ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
ENT
COSTS
(INCLUD
E
EQUIPM
ENT
COSTIN
G
>$1,000
AMOUNT BASIS FOR FUNDING IS FUNDING
ITEM
($AUD) ESTIMATE SOURCE SECURED?
PER
ITEM)
PROJEC ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
T
TRAVEL
COSTS
RESEAR ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
CH
TRAININ
G
COSTS
OTHER ☐ YES ☐ NO ☐
N/A
COSTS
(INCLUD
E
CONFER
ENCE
COSTS)
TOTAL
COST
YEAR 3
BUDGET JUSTIFICATION
LABOUR
COSTS
OPERATING
COSTS
EQUIPMENT
COSTS
TRAVEL COSTS
RESEARCH
TRAINING
COSTS
CONFERENCE
COSTS
OTHER