a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d.

ratio
Final Exam in Statistics 15. Numerical grade is an example of
a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
Name: Gabasa, Cherrie Mae P. – MAT-Filipino 16. Score in a test is an example of
a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
Part I. Multiple Choice. Encircle your chosen answer. 17. It is the process of collection, presentation, analysis,
and interpretation of data.
1. What is the sample size if the population is 1000 and a. research b. measurement c. statistics d. evaluation
the margin of error is 5%? 18. It refers to the process of describing the characteristics
a. 286 b. 285 c. 287 d. 288 of the distribution of data.
2. What is the sample size if the population size is 30 and a. inferential statistics b. descriptive statistics c. statistics
the margin of error is 5%? d. correlation
a. 23 b. 24 c. 28 d. 26 19. It is used to determine the significant relationship
3. If the sample size is 20 and the population size is 120, between two variables.
what is nth interval when systematic sampling is used? a. inferential statistics b. descriptive statistics c. statistics
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 d. correlation
4. What is the nth interval of a systematic sampling when 20. Statistics used to determine the significant difference
the population and sample sizes are 550 and 232? between two variables.
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 a. inferential statistics b. descriptive statistics c. statistics
5. In stratified sampling, if the total population of 5 levels d. correlation
is 350 and the population of level I is 75, how much should 21. Which is not a descriptive statistics
be the sample size of level I if the total size is 187? a. frequency distribution b. measures of central tendency
a. 35 b. 40 c. 45 d. 50 c. measures of variability d. hypothesis testing
6. Group I = 225; group 2 = 125. If n = 212, how much 22. Which is a parametric test?
sample units should come from group 2? a. chi square b. spearman rho c. Kruskal Wallis d. t-test
a. 70 b. 73 c. 76 d. 79 23. Which is a non-parametric test?
7. The number of digits used in choosing the random a. t-test b. chi square c. ANOVA d. Pearson’s r
numbers from the table follows the number of digits of 24. If the distribution is assumed to be normal the test to
the use is
a. sample b. population c. statistic d. parameter a. parametric b. non-parametric c. normal curve d. z-
8. In choosing the number in the table of random test
numbers, a ___ must be chosen first. 25. The normal distribution is also known as the
a. random number b. random start c. random select d. a. probability curve b. non-parametric curve c.
randomization asymmetric curve d. t distribution
9. Reliability test used when the instrument is 26. For social science research the level of significance is
administered twice or more to the same respondents at a.15% b. 10% c. 5% d. 1%
sufficient time interval. 27. If the computed value of the test is greater than the
a. test-retest method b. split-half c. parallel forms d. critical value, the hypothesis is
correlation a. accepted b. rejected c. nullified d. verified
10. Reliability test used when the test items are divided 28. If the computed value of the test is lesser than the
into two with similar imports. critical value, the hypothesis is
a. test-retest method b. split-half c. parallel forms d. a. accepted b. rejected c. nullified d. verified
correlation 29. There is no significant difference between A and B is
11. Reliability test used when there are two similar a/n ____ hypothesis.
instruments administered to one group of respondents a. directional b. non-directional c. one-tailed d. two-
one after the other. tailed
a. test-retest method b. split-half c. parallel forms d. 30. There is no significant difference between A and B is
correlation a/n ____ hypothesis.
12. The statistical test used in reliability testing is/are a. null b. alternative c. one-tailed d. two-tailed
a. Pearson’s r b. Spearman rho c. Kuder-Richardson 31. There is a significant difference between A and B is a/n
Formula 20 and 21 d. all of the above ____ hypothesis.
13. Civil status is an example of a. null b. alternative c. one-tailed d. two-tailed
a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio 32. A is better than B is a/n ____ hypothesis.
14. Educational Attainment is an example of a. directional b. non-directional c. one-tailed d. two-
tailed
33. There is no significant difference between A and B 25 + 0.7x, where y is the final score and x the initial score.
corresponds to ____ tailed. If your initial score was 85. What is your final score?
a. directional b. non-directional c. one d. two a. 84 b. 84.5 c. 85 d. 85.5
34. There is a significant difference between A and B 52. You have sampled 25 students to find mean scores at
corresponds to ____ tailed. Filamer High. A 95% confidence interval for the mean
a. directional b. non-directional c. one-tailed d. two- score is 90 to 110. What is the interpretation for this
tailed interval?
35. If the computed value of the test is equal to the critical a. 95% of the 25 students have a mean score between 90
value, the hypothesis is to 110. b. 95% of the population of all students at Filamer
a. accepted b. rejected c. nullified d. verified High have scores between 90 and 110. c. if 100 samples
36. A test which does not have degrees of freedom? were taken and a 95% confidence interval was computed,
a. ANOVA b. t-test c. z-test d. chi-square test 5 of them would be in the interval from 90 to 110. d. if
37. A test used to compare two sample means. this procedure were repeated many times, 95% of the
a. ANOVA b. t-test c. z-test d. chi-square test sample means would be between 90 and 110.
38. A test used to compare the two proportions 53. Which of the following statements are true?
a. ANOVA b. t-test c. z-test d. chi-square test I. Categorical variables are the same as qualitative
39. A test used to compare several sample means variables
a. ANOVA b. t-test c. z-test d. chi-square test II. Categorical variables are the same as quantitative
40. Test used for goodness of fit of a distribution to that of variables
the normal distribution. III. Quantitative variables can be continuous variables
a. ANOVA b. t-test c. z-test d. chi-square test a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and III
41.Test used to determine difference between two means 54. A coin is tossed twice, what is the probability that it
when population standard deviation is known lands on tail exactly two times?
a. t-test b.z-test c. ANOVA d. chi square test a. ¼ b. ½ c. ¾ d. 1
42. What is the extent of research, extension, instruction, 55. A teacher conducts a survey, sampling from a list of
and production? is an example of ____ analysis. 100 students. The list includes 25 first year students, 25
a. univariate b. bivariate c. multivariate d. regression second year, 25 third year, and 25 fourth year. The teacher
43. Is there a relationship between instruction and selects a sample of 40 students, by randomly sampling 10
research? Is an example of ____ analysis. students from each year level. Is this an example of a
a. univariate b. bivariate c. multivariate d. regression simple random sample?
44. A positive correlation coefficient means a. Yes, because each student in the sample was randomly
a. direct relation b. inverse relation c. a variation d. sampled b. Yes, because students in the sample had an
linear equal chance of being sampled c. Yes, because each year
45. A negative correlation coefficient means level was equally represented in the sample d. No,
a. direct relation b. inverse relation c. a variation d. because the sample was stratifiedly selected.
linear 56. What is the standard deviation of 1, 3, 5, 7?
46. The effectiveness of a test item is determined by a. 2 b. 2.24 c. 2.5 d. 2.74
a. item difficulty b. item discrimination c. item analysis 57. What is the probability that an ace is drawn from a
d. item power deck of cards?
47. Refers to the total correct scores in both lower and a. 1/52 b. 2/52 c. 3/52 d. 4/52
upper groups divided by the number of cases in both 58. Which of the following statements is true?
groups. I. Mean is a measure of central tendency.
a. index of difficulty b. index of discrimination c. index of II. Standard Deviation is a measure of variability.
distractors d. none of the above III. Range is a measure of central tendency.
48. Refers to the difference between the upper group a. I only b. II only c. I and II d. I and III
correct responses and the lower group correct responses 59. Ten students were found to have a grade standard
divided by the number of students in each group. deviation of 2.5, what is the variance?
a. index of difficulty b. index of discrimination c. index of a. 2.5 b. 5 c. 6.25 d. 0.25
distractors d. none of the above 60. The test has a mean score of 100 and standard
49. Where is quartile 3 located in a population of 500. deviation of 15. If your z-score is 1.20, what is your test
a. 350 b. 375 c. 400 d. 425 score?
50. Where is percentile 70 located in a population of 1000. a. 88 b. 100 c. 112 d. 118
a. 600 b. 650 c. 700 d. 750 61. Which of the following is a discrete random variable?
51. A linear regression equation was computed to predict I. Average height of students.
the final score from the initial score. The equation was y = II. The number of students in class
 III. The number of presidents before GMA. a. Pearson r b. Spearman rho c. Correlation Coefficient
a. I only b. II only c. III only d. All of the above d. All of the above
62. Which of the following statements are true? 75. Parametric Analysis means that the distribution is
I. A survey is an example of an experimental study. assumed to be
II. An observational study is a descriptive study a. normal b. skewed c. leptokurtic d. none of the above
III. An experiment is best for causal relational 76. Which is a bivariate analysis?
study. a. ANOVA b. Multiple Regression c. t-test d. correlation
a. I only b. II only c. III only d. II and III 77. Find the mode of the following data: 15, 19, 17, 20, 25,
63. What will be the effect of increasing the number of 19, 22, 17.
sample from the sample size? a. 17 b. 19 c. 22 d. 25
a. increase the error b. decrease the error c. no effect 78. The height of four basketball players are 172 cm, 166
d. none of the above cm, 162 cm, and 172 cm, find the median height.
64. What is the mode of the distribution 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, a. 166 cm b. 168 cm c. 169 cm d. 172 cm
5? 79. Express the mean of 2x +4 and 6x – 8 in terms of x.
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. all of the above a. 2x + 4 b. 4x – 2 c. 6x – 8 d. 8x – 4
65. Which statement is true about p-value? 80. Which statement is true for the given data of 7, 7, 9,
a. it is a test statistic b. it is a probability c. its is a 10, 17.
parameter d. it is a variable a. mean = median b. median = mode c. mean > mode
66. A survey gives the correlation of -0.4 between weight d. mean < mode
and metabolic rate of students, which interpretation could 81. If your scores in the first three tests are 82, 89, and 78,
you derive? what must your score in the fourth test in order to obtain
a. Heavier students tend to have slower metabolic rate b. an average of 85?
Heavier students tend to have faster metabolic rate c. a. 78 b. 82 c. 89 d. 91
Heavier students tend to effect metabolic rate d. None of 82. In an array of scores, 69, 50, 62, 42, 52, how many
the above scores are below the median?
67. A basketball player is 80% free throw shooter, which a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
statement refers to this information? 83. If median is used for getting the passing score, how
a. he misses 80% most of the time b. he makes 8 points many students will fail?
for every 10 shots c. he makes 8 points for every 100 a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75%
shots d. all of the above 84. What is the mean of the array 0.35, 0.5, ¼, 0.75, 3/5,
68. When the p-value is greater than the significance level, 0.25.
the null hypothesis is a. 0.25 b. 0.35 c. 0.45 d. 0.50
a. accepted b. rejected c. maintained d. none of the 85. Five students have the following scores 30, 30, 50, 60,
above 80, which statement is true for the data?
69. When the p-value is equal to the significance level, the a. median = mode b. mean = 20 c. median = 20 d. mean
null hypothesis is = median
a. accepted b. rejected c. maintained d. none of the 86. Which set of data do the mean = median = mode?
above a. 7, 9, 9, 9, 11 b. 7, 7, 8, 11, 12 c. 7, 7, 7, 8, 11 d. 7, 7,
70. Z-test is favored over t-test when ____ is given. 9, 11, 16
a. sample mean b. sample standard deviation c. 87. What is the probability that the mode will be selected
population mean d. population standard deviation from the array 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 7?
71. When there are several means to compare, the best a. 0 b. 1/8 c. 3/ 8 d. 4/ 8
test to use is 88. A distribution of scores that is peaked relative to the
a. z-test b. t-test c. ANOVA d. correlation normal curve is _____ while one that is flat is ________.
72. The correlation coefficient between X and Y is 0.5, a. positively skewed; negatively skewed b. platykurtic;
what information can you derive from this? leptokurtic c. leptokurtic; platykurtic d. mesokurtic;
a. variation in Y is explained by X b. variation in Y is 50% platykurtic
explained by variation in X c. variation in Y is 25% 89. Categorizing political parties as NP, LP, LAKAS, KAMPI,
explained by variation in X d. variation in Y cannot be LABAN, NPC is an example of what measurement?
explained by variation in X. a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
73. To determine whether a nominal variable 90. Which measure of central tendency is usually used?
approximates a normal distribution, the test to use is a. mean b. median c. mode d. Percentile
a. z-test b. t-test c. ANOVA d. chi-square test 91. The sum of the squared deviation scores divided by
74. The test used to find the correlation between two the number of sample or population is
ordinal variables is a. standard deviation b. variance c. mean deviation d.
quartile deviation effectiveness, utility or desirability of a product, process,
92. A sample of 25 students with a mean of 30 and SD = 6 or program.
is tested against the population with a mean of 26. Which a. assessment b. evaluation c. descriptive research d.
test is appropriate to perform? action research
a. z –test b. t – test c. Pearson r d. chi-square test 107. It is concerned with development of generalization.
93. The probability of committing type I error is a. assessment b. evaluation c. descriptive research d.
a. beta b. alpha c. 0.95 d. 0.05 action research
94. When the correlation between height and weight is 108. Which not an educational research
+0.80, what is percent of the variability in weight is a. historical b. descriptive c. experimental d. lesson
attributed to height? planning
a. 80% b. 64% c. 20% d. 36% 109. The following are characteristics of a research
95. As an owner of a fast food restaurant, you found out problem, which is not
that the correlation between waiter’s age and their a. significant b. feasible c. novel d. has one solution
productivity is -1.14. On the basis of the correlation alone, 110. A good hypothesis is one that is
your best decision would be to a. testable b. a guess b. true d. false
a. fire all older waiters b. fire all younger waiters c. fire 111. Data analysis entails the use of
the manager d. close the business a. tables b. graphs c. statistical tools d. description
96. A teacher compares the performance of pupils in 112. Which is a qualitative study?
Grade I comprising five sections. She compares two a. descriptive study b. ethnography c. action research
sections at a time using the t-test, this procedure will d. experimental study
a. accurately determine which groups are really different 113. Data collection in qualitative study includes
from each other b. determine the degree to which IV and a. survey b. experiment c. registration d. observation
DV are related to each other. c. inflate the risk of 114. A study describing the underlying factors that
committing alpha error d. inflate the risk of committing contribute to the emergence of the problem is
beta error a. pure research b. applied research c. exploratory
97. A 5 x 6 factorial ANOVA involves research d. explanatory
a. five independent variables with 6 treatment level each 115. A study which explains a prevailing situation or
b. five levels of one factor and six levels of another c. five explains a relationship between factors is
dependent and six independent variables d. none of the a. pure research b. applied research c. exploratory
above research d. explanatory
98. Which of the following is a measure of location? 116. A research is usually initiated by a
a. variance b. mean c. percentile d. median a. theory b. problem c. statement d. topic
99. How would you assess the degree of association 117. The problem is identified by
between two continuous variables? a. what is the real situation b. what should be the
a. scatter plot b. correlation c. ogive d. histogram supposed situation c. the discrepancy between a and b
100. Which of the following will affect the sample size d. all of the above
calculation? 118. Characteristics of a good problem are
a. significance level b. error rate c. mean d. confidence a. relevant, feasible, clear, and ethical b. irrelevant,
level feasible, clear, and ethical c. relevant, feasible, unclear,
101. Which is not a scientific method? and ethical d. relevant, feasible clear, and unethical
a. identify a problem b. collect data c. analyze data d. 119. A review of related literature
speculation a. justifies the need for studying the problem b. helps
102. A research pursued for knowledge sake is prevent unnecessary duplication of the study c. is a
a. basic b. applied c. descriptive d. experimental source of theoretical basis d. all of the above
103. The development and testing of theories is a 120. The objectives of the study is embodied in the ___.
characteristic of ____ research. a. conceptual framework b. theoretical framework c.
a. basic b. applied c. descriptive d. experimental statement of the problem d. background of the study.
104. A research focused on the immediate application of 121. The interest of the researcher on the problem is
the result. discussed in the ____.
a. descriptive b. action c. evaluation d. correlational a. conceptual framework b. theoretical framework c.
105. A fact-finding activity that describes conditions that statement of the problem d. background of the study.
exist at a certain time. 122. The variables included in the study are depicted in
a. assessment b. evaluation c. descriptive research d. the ____.
action research a. conceptual framework b. theoretical framework c.
106. It is concerned with the judgment of the statement of the problem d. background of the study.
123. The concepts or principles used as basis for adopting 140. The statistical software used in social science
the variables in the study are discussed in the ____. research is the
a. conceptual framework b. theoretical framework c. a. Software Package for Social Science b. Social Package
statement of the problem d. background of the study. for Software Science c. Software Program for Social
124. The beneficiaries and the benefits that they can Science d. Social Program for Software Science
derived from the study are explained in _____. 141. Threats to validity when the participants are aware of
a. definition of terms b. significance of the study c. the experiment.
scope and delimitation d. conceptual framework a. Hawthorne effect b. selection c. instrumentation d.
125. The research design can be found in ___. maturation
a. chapter I b. chapter II c. chapter III d. chapter IV 142. Threats to validity when there is nonequivalence of
126. The statistical tables can be found in ____. experimental and control groups.
a. chapter I b. chapter II c. chapter III d. chapter IV a. Hawthorne effect b. selection c. instrumentation d.
127. Discussion of the foreign and local studies can be maturation
found in ____. 143. The instruments used in the study are included in the
a. chapter I b. chapter II c. chapter III d. chapter IV a. abstract b. bibliography c. appendix d. list of figures
128. The statistical tools used in the study are described in 144. Books, journals, and reference materials are
details in ___. annotated in
a. chapter I b. chapter II c. chapter III d. chapter IV a. abstract b. bibliography c. appendix d. list of figures
129. Tying up the results of the study and the studies in 145. Conclusion and recommendation can be found in
the review of related literature is discussed in ___. a. chapter II b. chapter III c. chapter IV d. chapter V
a. chapter I b. chapter II c. chapter III d. chapter IV 146. Methods of data collection and the description of the
130. Experimental studies use _____ hypothesis. respondents can be found in
a. alternative b. null c. directional d. non-directional a. chapter II b. chapter III c. chapter IV d. chapter V
131. The description of the instruments used in the study 147. Findings and summary can be found in
and their validation process is discussed in ___. a. chapter II b. chapter III c. chapter IV d. chapter V
a. chapter I b. chapter II c. chapter III d. chapter IV 148. When the statement of the problem states that “Is
132. The front page of a research report is there a significant difference in the academic performance
a. approval sheet b. abstract c. acknowledgment d. title of the male and the female”, the statistical test to use is
page a. chi-square b. t-test c. z-test d. Pearson’s r
133. Quantitative data can be obtained from ___. 149. When the statement of the problem states that “Is
a. Focus group discussion b. content analysis c. there a significant relationship between academic
observation d. measurement performance and reading comprehension”, the statistical
134. Social immersion is an example of test to use is
a. participant observation b. non-participant observation a. chi-square b. t-test c. z-test d. Pearson’s r
c. interview method d. registration 150. When the statement of the problem states that “Is
135. When the respondent writes down his responses to there a significant difference between sex and attitude
each question, the researcher uses (classified as agree or disagree)”, the statistical test to use
a. interview schedule b. self-administered questionnaire is
c. personal interview d. in-depth interview a. chi-square b. t-test c. z-test d. Pearson’s r
136. Validity of the instrument which relates to the
appropriateness of the topics variables and format
covered in the instrument.
a. content validity b. criterion validity c. construct
validity d. none of the above
137. Validity of the instrument which significantly
associates with another valid instrument.
a. content validity b. criterion validity c. construct
validity d. none of the above
138. Validity referring to the some specific psychological
characteristics being measured by the instrument.
a. content validity b. criterion validity c. construct
validity d. none of the above
139. Data processing entails ___ of data.
a. categorizing b. organizing c. presenting in suitable
forms d. all of the above
 FINAL EXAM - STATISTICS
GABASA, CHERRIE MAE P. MAT- FILIPINO 07/19/2021
Part II. Differentiate the following:
1. Statistics and statistics.
- Statistic is a single item in a statistical study while Statistics is a study of the collection,
organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
2. Descriptive and inferential statistics.
- Descrptive Statistics is one of the divisions of Statistics. It describes the behavior of the data;
Measure of Central Tendency (mean, median and mode); Measure of Variability while the
Inferential Statistics infers the characteristics of the population from the sample.
3. Parametric and non-parametric analysis.
Parametric analysis is when the dependent variable’s level of measurement is normal distribution
of values while the non-parametric analysis is when the dependent variable’s level of
measurement is nominal (categorical) or ordinal.
4. Population and sample
- Population is the complete set of all the objects under consideration while sample refers to a
portion or piece of information from the subset of the population.
5. Parameter and statistic
- Parameter is the description of a population in numerical while the Statistic refers to the
description of a sample in numerical.
6. Ordinal and nominal- Nominal level data can only be classified, while ordinal level data can be
classified and ordered or rankable.
7. Ratio and interval- They can can both be categorized and ranked. The only difference is that
Interval level data have a fixed unit of measure representing a set of size throughout the scale
while Ratio have absolute zero.
8. Skewness and kurtosis
- In Skewness, the curve appears distorted or skewed either to the left or to the right while in
Kurtosis, it is defined as the measure of thickness or heaviness of the given distribution for the
random variable along its tail and it does not have any unit.
9. Qualitative and quantitative data
- Qualitative data is descriptive or data can be observed but not measured while Quantitative
data can be counted and measured.
10. Independent and dependent variables
- Dependent variable relies on another variable while Independent Variables can stand on its
own.
11. Primary and secondary data- Primary data is the data that was taken from the main source while
Secondary data was taken from a primary data or in an existing repository of information.
12. Grouped and ungrouped data- grouped data is arranged in a frequency distribution while
ungrouped data was not sorted in any group or it is the raw data.
13. Random and non-random sampling- Non-Random sampling has no equal chances to be
included in the sample while in Random Sampling, they were given equal chance to population
units to be included in the sample.
14. Textual, tabular and graphical presentation of data
- In Textual Data Presentation, the data are presented in paragraph form. Tabular is presented
using statistical tables or diagrams while Graphical uses any form of graphs (line, bar, circular,
pictograph and map graph)
15. Lottery and systematic sampling
- In Lottery sampling, they were selected randomly or through drawlots while in Systematic
Sampling, they were selected in interval. For example, by selecting every 11 th number on the
list of population.
16. Stratified and cluster sampling-
Stratified is selecting through fixed intervals from the larger population to create the sample while
in Cluster Sampling, they randomly select through clusters to form a sample.
17. Purposive and quota sampling- Purposive Sampling uses criteria to select while in Quota
Sampling, you have limited number or fixed number to be included in the sample.
18. Convenience and accidental sampling- Convenience Sampling is selecting sample that are more
accessible or easiest to contact while Accidental Sampling is selecting sample that are only by
chance or accidentally selected.
19. Mean, median, and mode
- Mean (average) refers to the sum of all the scores and then divide it by the number of scores.
Median is the middlemost score in an array while Mode is the number that occurred frequently
or very often in a data set.
20. Raw and standard score
- The raw score is an untransformed score from a measurement while the standard score is
the number of standard deviations by which the value of a raw score.
21. Null and alternative hypothesis
- A null hypothesis means there is no relationship between two phenomenons while
alternative hypothesis states that there is a relationship between the two variables selected in
a study.
22. Type I and type II errors
- Type I error means rejecting the null hypothesis when it's actually true, while a Type II error
happens when we fail to reject a false null hypothesis.
23. Level of significance and level of confidence
- Level of significance is the fixed probability of wrong rejection of null hypothesis when actually
it is true, while Level of Confidence refers to the percentage of all possible samples that can
be expected to include the true population parameter.
24. Hypothesis and guess- Hypothesis is an educated guess about something you are curious about
that should be tested while Guess is your opinion from something with a little or no evidence.
25. Independent samples and dependent samples t-tests (Challenge question)
- The independent samples t-test compares two independent groups of observations or
measurements on a single characteristic, while dependent samples t-tests compares the
means of two related groups to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference
between these means.
26. T-test for independent samples and Mann-Whitney U statistic
- Independent Samples T-Test compares the means of two independent groups in order to determine
whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population means are significantly different while
Mann-Whitney U test is used to compare whether there is a difference in the dependent variable
for two independent groups. It compares whether the distribution of the dependent variable is the
same for the two groups and therefore from the same population.
27. T-test for dependent samples and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test
-
- The dependent sample t-test is used when the observations or cases in one sample are linked with the
cases in the other sample while Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test is used to compare two related samples,
matched samples, or repeated measurements on a single sample to assess whether their population
mean ranks differ.
 28. Kruskal Wallis and Analysis of Variance
Kruskal Wallis used to test the null hypothesis which states that 'k' number of samples has been drawn
from the same population or the identical population with the same or identical median while Analysis of
Variance or ANOVA is used for three or more groups of data, to gain information about the relationship
between the dependent and independent variables.
29. Spearman rho and Pearson r
- Pearson correlation evaluates the linear relationship between two continuous variables while the
Spearman correlation evaluates the monotonic relationship.
30. Measure of Position and Measure of Central Tendency
- Measures of position are various techniques that are used to divide the data into equal group
while the Measure of Central Tendency is also known as a summary statistic and it generally
represents the central point of the data set. These measures tell us where most values are
located in distribution and are also known as the central location of the distribution.
Part III.
Problems: Show all your solutions
1. The midterm exam average score of my statistics class of 70 students is 60 out of 100 items with a
standard deviation of 10.
a. What is the probability that a randomly picked student from the class will have a score
80 and above?
b. How many students will have scores below 80?
c. How many students will have scores between 50 and 70?
2. C.I. f
5-8 4
9-12 6
13-16 9
17-20 14
21-24 7
25-28 5
29-32 3

Using the above frequency distribution, compute:

a. Mean, median and mode
Mean= 17.92
Median= 18.43
Mode= 18.67
b. Skewness and kurtosis
c. Draw the frequency polygon and less than ogive

d. Standard deviation

SOLUTIONS:
Part IV. Application. Solve the following using SPSS

Below is the data for sex (1=male, 2=female), grade level (grade) (1=Grade 7, 2=Grade 8, 3=Grade 9, 4=Grade 10),
performance (actual score) and skills (actual score):

(see attached .spv and .sav file. Thank you.)

Resp # Sex Grade Performance Skills

1 1 1 78 47
2 1 2 89 56
3 1 3 67 90
4 2 4 56 64
5 2 1 45 34
6 2 2 34 23
7 1 3 95 56
8 2 4 88 89
9 1 1 32 53
10 2 2 25 78
11 1 3 69 90
12 2 4 74 58
13 1 4 85 69
14 1 2 90 43
15 1 2 56 37
16 2 2 49 59
17 2 3 66 91
18 2 4 38 75
19 1 1 91 53
20 2 2 88 47
21 1 3 64 94
22 2 4 58 42
23 1 2 77 51
24 2 1 43 79
25 1 2 93 88
26 2 3 85 58
27 1 3 71 47
28 2 2 62 34
29 1 1 55 70
30 2 2 43 90

For Parametric Analysis

1. Apply t-test for independent samples for performance and sex.
2. Apply t-test for dependent samples for performance and skills.
3. Apply ANOVA for performance and grade level.
4. Apply Pearson r between performance and skills.

For Non-parametric Analysis

5. Apply Mann Whitney U statistic for skills and sex.
6. Apply Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for performance and skills.
7. Apply Kruskal Wallis H statistic for skills and grade level.
8. Apply Spearman rho for performance and skills.