Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

SHS

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
2nd Semester - Module 7
REACTION MECHANISM,
ENERGY DIAGRAM AND CATALYSIS

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
General Chemistry 2 – Grade 11/12
Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE)
Module 7: Reaction Mechanism, Energy Diagram and Catalysis
First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Zyhrine P. Mayormita
Editor: Ramel P. Cael
Reviewer: Ramel P. Cael
Layout Artist: Oliver A. Manalo
Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan Jr. - Schools Division Superintendent
Lourma I. Poculan - Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Amelinda D. Montero - Chief Education Supervisor, CID
Nur N. Hussien - Chief Education Supervisor, SGOD
Ronillo S. Yarag - Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
Zyhrine P. Mayormita - Education Program Supervisor, Science
Leo Martinno O. Alejo - Project Development Officer II, LRMS

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 What I Need to Know
This module was written to provide STEM students enough understanding of the
fundamental concepts on molecular collisions and the energy diagram for chemical reactions

The module covers lessons and activities aligned with the prescribed content standards and
the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS):

Explain reactions qualitatively in terms of molecular STEM_GC11CKIIIi-

collisions j-136
Explain activation energy and how a catalyst affects STEM_GC11CKIIIi-
the reaction rate j-137
STEM_GC11CKIIIi-
Cite and differentiate the types of catalysts
j-138

What's In
In the previous module, you have learned about how various factors influence the rate of
chemical reactions. You have also determined and differentiated the order of reaction based on
the rate law equation. Everything you learned about chemical reactions and how a chemical
reaction takes place is useful as you go through the lessons and activities contained in this
module.

Activity 1: React to the Max!

Direction: Place a  mark opposite a correct statement. If the statement is incorrect, write an X
mark and encircle the number, word, or phrase that makes it incorrect.

For Nos. 1 to 3 use the equation for a reaction: 2A + B → 2C

1. The rate equation is Rate = k[A]2[B]
2. The order with respect to A is 2 and with respect to B is 1.
3. The order of reaction overall is 3.
4. The rate of chemical reaction normally decreases when a catalyst is added.
5. Crushing a solid into a powder increases the reaction rate because of
increased concentration.
6. To increase the rate of a reaction, there must be an increase in the
frequency of successful collisions.
7. The average kinetic energy of colliding particles can be increased by
increasing reactant concentration.
8. The rate of a chemical reaction can be expressed in molarity per second.
9. For the reaction A + 3B → 2C, the rate of disappearance of B is 3/2, the
rate of appearance of C.
10. For the rate law of the overall reaction that is k[A][B]0, increasing the [B]
will increase the reaction rate

1
 The rate of reaction refers to the speed at which the products are formed from the reactants
in a chemical reaction. It gives some insight into the time frame under which a reaction can be
completed. It can be calculated by measuring changes in reactants and products. The rate at
which chemical reactions take place is affected by temperature, concentration, particle size and
the presence of a catalyst.
Rate laws or rate equations are mathematical expressions that describe the relationship
between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. In general, a rate
law takes this form: Rate = k[A]m[B]n…in which [A] and [B] represent the molar concentrations of
reactants, and k is the rate constant, which is specific for a particular reaction at a particular
temperature. The exponents m and n are usually positive integers. The rate constant k and the
exponents m and n must be determined experimentally by observing how the rate of a reaction
changes as the concentrations of the reactants are changed. The rate constant k is independent
of the concentration of A or B, but it does vary with temperature and surface area.
The exponents in a rate law describe the effects of the reactant concentrations on the
reaction rate and define the reaction order. Consider a reaction for which the rate law is: Rate =
k[A]m[B]n. If the exponent m is 1, the reaction is first order with respect to A. If m is 2, the reaction
is second order with respect to A. If n is 1, the reaction is first order in B. If n is 2, the reaction is
second order in B. If m or n is zero, the reaction is zero order in A or B, respectively, and the rate
of the reaction is not affected by the concentration of that reactant. The overall reaction order is
the sum of the orders with respect to each reactant. If m = 1 and n = 1, the overall order of the
reaction is second order (m + n = 1 + 1 = 2).
How does a chemical reaction really take place at the molecular level?

What's New
The Collision Theory: A Review

Source: https://eduthinkering.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/COMIC.jpg

Activity 2: To Collide or Not!

Direction: Refer to the comic strip or use the given pool of word(s) to complete the statements
below.
activation energy energy collide proper orientation
Collision Theory catalyst concentration
surface area reaction temperature

2
 The 1. __________ states that molecules must 2. _________to react. For
most reactions, however, only a small fraction of collisions produces a
reaction. In order for a collision to be successful, the reactant molecules
must collide with sufficient 3. _________ to overcome the 4. ___________,
which is the initial and minimum energy input required to start the reaction.
The colliding particles must also be in 5. _______________ to form any new
bonds in the products. In order to increase the chance of collisions, the 6.
____________, 7. _____________ and 8. _____________ may be increased. The
speed of reaction may also be increased by adding 9. _________ without it
being necessarily used up in the 10. ___________. This special chemical
lowers the amount of energy required to start the reaction.

Activity 3: Beat the Humps!

Direction: Read on and answer briefly the questions that follow.

If you are going mountain-hiking this

weekend and you have the option to
choose between mountain (A) that is 650
meters high and (B) 1400 meters in
height, but you know that you have
limited time (you need to speed up the
hiking time as you have other plans).

Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/13765312/

Questions:

1. Which mountain would you choose to hike, A or B? Explain.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Assuming you have the luxury of time and you are hiking at the same pace, which of
these mountains would require more energy to hike up, A or B? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

3
 What Is It
THE REACTION PROCESS AND THE COLLISION THEORY

A balanced chemical equation does not show the actual and full details of a chemical
reaction. During a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged, and a new substance (or substances)
is formed with different properties. The process involves the breaking and formation of bonds. The
reaction occurs not in a single step but in a series of steps. The reaction mechanism of a chemical
reaction is the sequence of actual events that take place as reactant molecules are converted into
products. Each of these events constitutes an elementary step that can be represented as a
coming-together of discrete particles ("collision") or as the breaking-up of a molecule
("dissociation") into simpler units. The molecular entity that emerges from each step may be a final
product of the reaction. It might also be an intermediate or an activated complex-- a species
created in one elementary step and destroyed in a subsequent step, and therefore does not appear
in the net reaction equation.
Collision Theory and Activation Energy

When cars moving at high speed collide

with one another, the result can be very
damaging. A high energy collision can convert a
functional vehicle into a pile of scrap metal and
spare parts. On the other hand, low energy
collisions (cars moving at a slower speed) might
just cause a scratch or a minor dent. Source: https://www.gograph.com/vector-clip-
Not all collisions are purely destructive. art/car-accident.html

You are probably familiar with the phrase, "You

can't make an omelet without breaking some eggs." Similarly, you can't cause a chemical reaction
without breaking some bonds. Most chemical reactions occur only when reactants successfully
collide with one another. However, not every collision leads to a chemical change. In order for a
reaction to occur, the reactants must collide in a certain relative orientation with enough energy
to break one or more chemical bonds.
Scientists offered a model known as the Collision Theory to explain how and why chemical
reactions take place. For a given hypothetical reaction shown below:

A2 + B2 → 2AB

In order for the reaction above to take place, the molecules of A 2 must collide with the molecules
of B2. Once the molecules of A2 come in contact with the molecules of B2, a short-lived molecule
A2B2 is formed. The bonds of A2 and B2 are broken, and new bonds are formed. The rearrangement
of atoms (and of bonds) will cause the formation of new substance AB. Initially, in a container filled
with the substances A2 and B2, no AB is present. Then molecular collisions proceed, and AB is
formed.
A2 + B2 → A2B2 → 2AB
Activated Complex

However, not all collisions of A2 and B2 form the product AB. Only effective or successful
collisions will result in the formation of a product. For an effective collision to occur, there
must be a proper orientation of the reactant molecules during the collision. If the collision
is not effective, products are not formed.
The A2B2 intermediate complex is a short-lived molecule, and therefore very unstable. Hence
the activated complex has the following characteristics:
(1) It is unstable because it is a short-lived molecule.
(2) It possesses high energy.
(3) It is the rate-determining step in a reaction.

4
 Both (a) F2 and NO2 molecules have insufficient energy although
correct orientation and (c) F2 and NO2 molecules have incorrect orientation
although with insufficient energy lead to no reaction. When (b) both reactant
molecules have sufficient energy and correct orientation the reaction occurs.
Source: https://alevelchemistry.co.uk/notes/collision-theory/

There are two conditions required for a chemical reaction to take place:
(1) Molecules must collide with sufficient kinetic energy to break and re-form existing
bonds, and
(2) Molecules must effectively collide with favorable spatial orientation.

A collision that meets these two criteria and

that results in a chemical reaction is known as a
successful collision or an effective collision. It can
be deduced from the Collision Theory that the
greater the number of collisions, the greater the
chances of effective collisions, and the greater the
amount of product formed per unit time.
Therefore, the greater the number of collisions, the
faster the reaction rate
Imagine a chemical reaction as the process
Source: https://www.gograph.com/vector-clip-
of rolling a huge boulder (reactants) up a art/car-accident.html

hill from point A to reach its final destination,

point B (where products are formed). Sufficient energy is needed to roll the boulder up the hill,
but once it reaches the top of the hill, it will roll down the rest of the way to point B.
Similarly, for a chemical reaction to occur, energy input is required to move the reaction
from the reactant and eventually to the product side. The formation of the activated complex (on
top of the hill), also called the transition state is crucial because it determines whether the reaction
proceeds or not.

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for the formation of the
activated complex and for the reaction to proceed.

Activity 4: Label the Hill

Direction: The diagram shows the energy of the reaction as it progresses. Label each blank box in
the energy diagram using the letter that correctly corresponds to the diagram part.

5
 1 A - Reactant(s)
B - Product(s)
C - Activation Energy
3
D - Heat of Reaction
E - Activated Complex

2 4

The Energy Diagram

There are two types of reactions concerning energy release or absorption, which are the
following:

• Endothermic reaction – energy is absorbed in a reaction (usually in the form of heat)

• Exothermic reaction – energy is released in a reaction (usually in the form of heat)

Both endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions require energy to get started. It might
seem odd that since energy is released in an exothermic reaction, there should not be any need to
input some energy for the reaction to occur.

Why does a reaction need the input of energy if the energy is consequently released?

Consider the following examples of exothermic reactions occurring in our everyday lives.

The burning of a candle is an exothermic process

as it releases energy in the form of heat. However,
you need to light the candle using a match or
lighter first before the candle can burst into
flames. This means that you have to input some
energy for the candle to light up. After that, the
reaction has sufficient energy to proceed to the
next steps, and the candle continues to burn.

The head of a matchstick usually contains

sulfur mixed with different oxidizing agents.
In order to ignite the matchstick, you
should rub its head against the special side
of a matchbox. In the process, a reaction
takes place and releases energy in the form
of light and heat. Thus, the reaction is
considered to be exothermic. But you still
need to input some energy for the Source: https://alevelchemistry.co.uk
matchstick to start burning and continue to /notes/collision-theory/

burn and release heat on its own. The

energy input required is the activation energy.
An energy diagram also called the activation energy graph depicts the energy changes
that occur during a chemical reaction.

In an energy diagram, the vertical axis of the plot is potential energy, while the x-axis or
horizontal axis is the extent of reaction or reaction path (also reaction progress or reaction
coordinates).

6
 The illustration shows that the activation energy (double arrow interval) is marked as the
difference between the energy of the activated complex (at the top of the hill) and the energy of
reactants. The double arrow interval between the reactants and products shows the difference in
energy between the products and the reactants. This energy difference is called the heat of reaction,
which indicates whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic.

For exothermic reactions, the potential energy of the product is generally lower than that of
the reactant. The energy difference comes out to be negative (ΔE = Energy of product – Energy of
Reactant).

On the other hand, the potential energy of the product in an endothermic reaction is higher
than that of the reactants and comes out positive (ΔE = +). This gap in the potential energy accounts
for the energy that was absorbed by the system during the chemical reaction.

REACTION MECHANISM AND CATALYSIS

Earlier it was mentioned that it is the collision of particles that causes reactions to occur
and that only some of these collisions are successful. This is because the reactant particles have
a wide range of kinetic energies, and only a small fraction of the particles will have enough energy
(and the correct orientation) to actually break bonds so that a chemical reaction can take place.
The minimum energy that is needed for a reaction to take place is called the activation energy.

How do catalysts work?

A catalyst increases reaction rates in a slightly different way from other methods of
increasing reaction rate. The function of a catalyst is to lower the activation energy so that a greater
proportion of the particles have enough energy to react. A catalyst can lower the activation energy
for a reaction by: orienting the reacting particles in such a way that successful collisions are more
likely reacting with the reactants to form an intermediate that requires lower energy to form the
product

Some metals e.g. Platinum, Copper and Iron can act as catalysts in certain reactions. In
our own bodies, we have enzymes that are catalysts, which help to speed up biological reactions.
Catalysts generally react with one or more of the reactants to form a chemical intermediate, which
then reacts to form the final product. The chemical intermediate is sometimes called the activated
complex. It must be emphasized though that an activated complex occurs in reactions without
catalysts as well as those with catalysts.

Energy diagrams like that in (a) are useful to illustrate the effect of a catalyst on reaction
rates. Catalysts lower the activation energy required for a reaction to proceed (shown by the smaller
magnitude (broken line) of the activation energy on the energy diagram. In effect, this increases
the reaction rate. In the presence of a catalyst, the average kinetic energy of the molecules remains
the same, but the required energy decreases

(a) (b)

Source: (a) https://intl.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-12/rate-and-extent-of-reaction/07-rate-and-extent-of-

reaction (b) https://opentextbc.ca/chemistry/chapter/12-7-catalysis/

7
 In the presence of a catalyst, the reaction proceeds in a different pathway (catalyzed
pathway), as shown in diagram (b). The catalyst is recovered at the end of the reaction.
In diagram (b), the catalyst increases the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy.
This type of catalyst is referred to as a positive catalyst. The types of catalysts are:
(1) Positive Catalyst – decreases the activation energy by accepting an alternative path for
the reaction to proceed and increasing the reaction rate. For example:
Pt(s)
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)

(2) Negative Catalyst – also called inhibitor, decreases the rate of reaction but increases
the activation energy requirement by taking a longer alternative path. For example:

2H2O2 H3PO4(s) 2H2O + O2

(3) Auto-catalyst – when one of the products formed in the reaction acts as a catalyst

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O → CH3COOH (auto-catalyst) + C2H2OH

(4) Induced-catalyst – a substance that influences the speed of a reaction, which is not
possible under ordinary conditions

Sodium sulfite solution readily oxidizes in air, but sodium arsenite solution does not
oxidize by passing air in the solution. When both these solutions are mixed, and air is passed,
then both the substances get oxidized.

Air
Na2SO3 Na2SO4
Air
Na2AsO3 No reaction

Na2AsO3 + Na2SO3 (induced catalyst) → Na3AsO4 (sodium arsenate) +

Na2SO4

What's More
Activity 5: The Catalyst Analysis
Direction: Evaluate each statement as true or false. Write TRUE if the statement is correct,
otherwise rewrite the statement correctly.

1. A catalyst increases the energy of reactant molecules so that a chemical reaction can take
place.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Increasing the temperature of a reaction has the effect of increasing the number of
reactant particles that have more energy than the activation energy.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. A catalyst does not become part of the final product in a chemical reaction.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. The ability of a catalyst to accelerate the chemical reaction is known as autocatalysis.
____________________________________________________________________
5. Positive catalysis decreases the activation energy and increases reaction rate.
______________________________________________________________________

8
Activity 6. Practice Your Kinetics
A. Direction: Refer to the potential energy curve shown below to answer the questions.

1. Does the potential energy diagram represent an

exothermic or endothermic reaction?
______________________________
[Explain why.] _________________________
________________________________________
2. Is the potential energy of the products greater than,
less than or equal to the potential energy of the
reactants? ______ 3. Which lettered interval represents:
(a) activation energy? ____
(b) heat of the reaction? ____

4. Which letter represents:

(a) activated complex? ____
(b) potential energy of reactants for the forward reaction? ____
(c) potential energy of products for the forward reaction? ____
5. What effect would the addition of a catalyst have on the rate of this chemical reaction?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
6. What effect would the addition of a catalyst have on the heat of the reaction? [Explain your
answer.] ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 7: Assess the Reaction Process
Direction: Read and analyze the information given for reaction between hydrochloric acid and
magnesium metal then answer the questions as directed.

Hydrochloric acid and magnesium metal react according to the following

chemical equation: HCl (aq) + Mg (s) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) + heat
The reaction is complete when all of the magnesium has reacted and no
more bubbling of the hydrogen gas is observed. The reaction releases heat.
In the laboratory, a student performed a controlled experiment to
determine the effect of the three factors on the rate of chemical reaction. The
results of the investigation are reported as follows:
Experimental Factors Rate of Reaction
• Increasing temperature of reactants increased
• Increasing concentration of HCl increased
• Cutting Mg metal into smaller pieces increased

9
A. Any factor which causes an increase in the number of collisions between reactant particles will
cause an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction. Explain why each experimental factor causes
an increase in the number of collisions.
1. Increasing temperature: _________________________________________________
2. Increasing acid concentration: ___________________________________________
3. Increasing the surface area: ______________________________________________

B. Draw the energy diagram for the reaction and label the diagram based on the information given.
Use the letters only.
1. A : HCl + Mg

Potential Energy
2. B : MgCl2 + H2
3. C : activation energy
4. D : heat of the reaction
5. E : activated complex
Reaction Progress
C. Tell if the reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
[Explain.] __________________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do
Activity 8: Explain the Story for Mastery
Direction: Provide a brief explanation of what could have gone right or wrong with the punishment
given to Sisyphus in the context of Collision Theory and Reaction Mechanism.

In Greek mythology, the term Sisyphean describes a task that is

impossible to complete. It refers to the punishment that Sisyphus
(Homer’s Iliad, Book VI) received in the underworld for his wicked
intelligence and for cheating death twice. He was forced to roll a
boulder up a hill only for it to roll down every time it neared the
top, repeating this action for eternity.

Source: https://www.davelabowitz.com
/blog/sisyphus-and-leadership/

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubric
Points Description
3 • Student understanding of science concepts is clearly evident and
very impressive.
• Student use of HOTS is logical and clearly evident.
2 • Student understanding of science concepts is evident but not really
impressive.
• Student use of logical and critical thinking skills is somewhat
evident.
1 • Student understanding of science concepts needs reinforcement.
• Student use of logical and critical thinking skills is wanting.

10
 Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
_____1. How does a catalyst increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
A. By decreasing the potential energy of the products
B. By increasing the potential energy of the reactants
C. By providing a pathway for the reaction that has a lower activation energy.
D. By increasing the energy of the reactants and overcome the activation energy.

For Nos. 2 to 4 refer to the energy diagrams.

_____2. The energy profiles for four different
reactions are shown. Which reaction requires the
most energetic collisions to reach the transition
state?
A. a C. c
B. b D. d

_____3. Which diagram represents an endothermic

reaction?
A. Only a C. both a and c
B. Only b D. both b and d

_____4. Which diagram represents an exothermic

reaction? Use the same choices in No. 3.

_____5. Which reaction is the most endothermic? Use the same choices in No. 2.

_____6. Which reaction is the most exothermic? Use the same choices in No. 2.

_____7. The energy needed for a reaction to proceed from reactants to products is called __________.

A. collision energy. C. kinetic energy

B. potential energy. D. activation energy

____8. Collision theory assumes that the rate of a reaction depends on __________.
A. the energy of collisions.

B. the orientation of colliding molecules.

C. the energy of collisions and the orientation of colliding molecules.
D. the change in energy between the products and the reactants.

_____9. For the reaction diagram shown, which of

the following statements is true?

A. Line W represents the ∆H for the forward

reaction; point B represents the transition
state
B. Line W represents the activation energy for
the forward reaction; point B represents he
transition state
C. Line Y represents the activation energy for the
forward reaction; point C represents the transition state
D. Line X represents the ∆H for the forward reaction; point B represents the transition state

11
____10. The series of steps that most reactions undergo, from initial reactants to final products, is
called the:
A. catalytic conversion C. activation energy
B. entropy of reaction D. reaction mechanism

Additional Activities
Activity 9: Context Clues Chain Completion
Direction: In each item is an incomplete sentence. The beginning and ending phrases are
given. Provide the words in between to make a correct and complete concept.

Collision Theory provides a qualitative explanation of chemical reactions and the

rates at which they occur. In order to react, the reactant molecules
1._________________________________, called activation energy. Even if two molecules
collide with sufficient activation energy, there is no guarantee that the collision will
be successful. In addition, the colliding molecules
2._________________________________ for the collisions to become effective. The
addition of a catalyst 3. ___________________________ but increases the rate of
chemical reaction.

An energy diagram shows 4. _________________________________and products and the

energy difference between them. It also tells if the reaction is endothermic or
exothermic. The heat of reaction is the 5. _______________________________ when
reactants are transformed to products is a reaction.

12
Answer Key General Chemistry 2 Module 7

Activity 1 Activity 3
1.  1. Mountain A (expected
2.  answer) shorter height, less
3.  energy involved, less effort
4. decreases – increases required
5. concentration – surface area 2. Mountain B (expected
6.  answer), longer height to
7. reactant concentration – reach the peak or top
temperature Activity 4
8.  1. E
9.  2. A
10. increase – keep constant 3. C
Activity 2 4. D
1. Collision Theory 5. B
2. collide Activity 5
3. energy 1. False. A catalyst lowers the
4. activation energy activation energy of a reaction, so
5. proper orientation that a chemical reaction can take
6-8. concentration, temperature, place.
surface area [in any order] 2. True
9. catalyst 3. True
10. reaction 4. False – Positive Catalysis
5. True

Activity 6 Activity 8
1. Exothermic; the energy of product is lesser Answer may vary
than reactants and heat of reaction comes Assessment
out negative 1. C 6. A
2. Less than 2. B 7. D
3. (a) B; (b) E 3. D 8. C
4. (a) C; (b) A; (c) D 4. C 9. B
5. Increases the rate of reaction 5. B 10. D
6. None. The catalyst provides only a separate Activity 9
pathway with lower activation energy. 1. ---must collide with sufficient
Activity 7 energy / must collide with the
A. minimum energy input
1. Increased temperature, increases kinetic requirement called ------
energy and increases number of collisions 2. ----must have proper orientation
2. Increased concentration, increases the / be properly oriented or aligned
number of particles colliding and increased or positioned -----
frequency of collisions 3. ---lowers the activation energy ---
3. Increased surface area increases the -
number of reactant partricles exposed to 4. ---the energy or potential energy
collision and increased frequency of of reactants ----
collision 5. ----energy released or absorved --
B. [Please check against examples given.] --
C. Exothermic; the heat of reaction is negative and
it involves release of heat.

13
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/The_rate_at_which_chemical_reactions_take_place_in_the_body_is_controlled_by
12.3 Rate Laws – Chemistry. https://opentextbc.ca/chemistry/chapter/12-3-rate-laws/
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Chemistry/Map%3A_Chemistry__Atoms_First_(OpenSTAX)/17%3A_Kinetics/17.3%3A_Rate_Laws
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hapter_05%3A_The_Study_of_Chemical_Reactions/5.7.%09Potential_Energy_Diagrams_for_Chemical_Reacti
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The Collision Theory | Introduction to Chemistry. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/the-
collision-theory/
Kinetics Equilibria Virtual Lab. http://sites.isdschools.org/hs_science_remote_learning_resources
/useruploads/college-chemistry/Dual%20Credit%20Chemistry_Manakul_Gordon_Beaman_5_14.pdf
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energy-of-position-or-the-energy-poss...
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chemistry-surface-chemistry
QUESTION 3 Which of the following is true regarding the ....
https://www.homeworklib.com/questions/1528863/question-3-which-of-the-following-is-true
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Pathology2/Rings-of-the-Hoof-Wall-Rooney.pdf
Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of .... https://www.coursehero.com/tutors-
problems/Anatomy/20125770-Which-of-the-following-leads-to-an-increase-in-the-rate-of-a-chemical/
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