Name of School)

Learning Activity Sheet (LAS)

Mathematics 9
Name: ______________________________________________ Score: _________________
Grade Level & Section: ________________________________ Date: __________________

Activity No: 40 Type of Activity: Problem Solving

Activity Title: Laws of Positive Integral Exponents
Learning Target: a. apply the concepts and laws of positive integral exponents
Reference/s: Orines, Fernando B. et. al., 2014, Next Century Mathematics, New Grade 9,
Phoenix Publishing House pp. 206 - 211
Albay, Eduard M. et. al., 2018,Practical Math 9, DIWA Learning System, INC., pp. 134 – 136
https://www.math-only-math.com/laws-of-exponents.html
https://youtu.be/g5ZGDNxJwxA
Background:
LAWS OF POSITIVE INTEGRAL EXPONENTS
Let and be real numbers, and and be positive integers.

1. Product of Powers
3 4 3+4 7
Examples: 5 • 5 = 5 = 5 ; x4• x3 • x6 • x5 = x18 ; (a+b)2 (a+b)6 (a+b) = (a+b)9

2. ( ) Power of a Product
4 5 4•5 20 2 3 6
Examples: (6 ) = 6 = 6 ; [(2+b) ] = (2+b) ; (a • a ) = ( 7)3 = a21
3 4 3

3. ( ) Power of a Power
3 3 3 3 2 3 4 2•4 3•4 8 12
Examples: (3a) = 3 a = 27a ; (u v ) =( u )(v ) = ; (4abc)2 = 42a2b2c2 = 16a2b2c2

, if
4. , if Quotient of Powers
, if

Examples: ; ;

5. ( ) Power of a Quotient

Examples: ( ) ; ( ) ; ( )

Example 1. Apply the laws of positive integral exponents to simplify the expressions.

a. ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( )
b. ( 2 ) ( 4)
c. ( )
4 2 3
d. ( )
3 5 2
e. ( ) ( )
f.
g.
( )
h. ( )
( )

i.

j. ( )
Activity. Practice Exercises.

A. True or False: Write if it is correct and if it is not and then, give the right answer. Write your answer
after the given.

1. 4

2. ( )4 = 4 20
( )
3. ( )
=
4. 7 = 2
5

5.
6. ( )
7. ( )4= 34 4 4 4 4 4 4

8. ( 7 5 3)( 2 4 6) = 9 9 9

9.

10. ( ) ( )

B. Answer briefly.

1. What is being emphasized in the first law of exponents?

2. Is there any difference/s in simplifying expression using the first law and second law of
exponents?
3. Is this correct? ( )( ) . Prove.
Activity No: 41 Type of Activity: Practice Exercises
Activity Title: Laws of Negative Integral Exponents
Learning Target: a. apply the concepts and laws of negative integral exponents
Reference/s: Orines, Fernando B. et. al., 2014, Next Century Mathematics, New Grade 9,
Phoenix Publishing House pp. 206 - 211
Albay, Eduard M. et. al., 2018,Practical Math 9, DIWA Learning System, INC., pp. 134 – 136
https://www.math-only-math.com/laws-of-exponents.html
https://youtu.be/g5ZGDNxJwxA
Background:
LAWS OF NEGATIVE INTEGRAL EXPONENTS
Let and be real numbers, and let be positive integers:

1.
2.
3. ( )
4. ( ) ( )
In general, when a base is raised to a negative exponent, it is necessary to get the reciprocal of the base
and change the exponent to positive.

Example 1. Simplify each of the following expressions. Express the results with positive integral exponent.
Solution:
a.
b. ( )
c.
d ( ) ( )
e. ( )

f. ( ) ( ) ( )

g.

h. ( ) ( ) ( )

Activity. Practice Exercises.

A. Simplify the following expressions and write the result with positive exponents.
1.
2. ( )
3. ( )

4. ( )

B. Answer briefly.
1. Do you think there is another method in simplifying expressions with negative exponents? Give
example.
Activity No: 42 Type of Activity: Practice Exercises
Activity Title: Rule on Zero Exponents
Learning Target: a. apply the concepts and rule on zero exponents
Reference/s: Orines, Fernando B. et. al., 2014, Next Century Mathematics, New Grade 9,
Phoenix Publishing House pp. 206 - 211
Albay, Eduard M. et. al., 2018,Practical Math 9, DIWA Learning System, INC., pp. 138
https://www.math-only-math.com/laws-of-exponents.html
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/expression-exponent.html
Background:
RULE OF ZERO EXPONENTS
Any expression raised to the power of zero is equal to 1
The rule on zero exponents was based on the quotient law of powers rule for positive integral exponents.
Recall that when you are dividing exponential expressions with positive integral exponents that have the same
base, you subtract their exponents. Example you will get Furthermore, any expression divided by
itself is equal to 1.

Example 1. Simplify each expression and write the results with positive exponents.
Solution:
a.
b. ( ) ( )
c. ( ) Since the whole expression is raised to the power of 0, ( )
d. ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
e.

f. ( ) ( )

Activity. Practice Exercises.

A. Simplify the following expressions and write the result with positive exponents.
1. ( )
2.
3. 0+( )0
4. ( )
5. ( )

6.

( )
7.

B. Answer briefly.
1. Are ( ) and similar? Why or why not?
Activity No: 43 Type of Activity: Practice Exercises
Activity Title: Expressions with Rational Exponents
Learning Target: a. simplify expression with rational exponents
Reference/s: Orines, Fernando B. et. al., 2014, Next Century Mathematics, New Grade 9,
Phoenix Publishing House pp. 216 – 219
Background:
EXPRESSIONS WITH RATIONAL EXPONENTS
The application of the laws of exponents can be extended to include rational exponents.

Example 1. Evaluate the following.

a.
Solution:
( ) Factoring 1000
=( ) Definition of Exponent
=( ) 2nd Law of Exponent
= 10

b. ( )
Solution:

( ) ( )
( )

( )

As a general rule expressions should be simplified. It is said to be simplified if it contains no negative

exponent, no complex fractions, or no fractional exponents in denominator

Example 2. Simplify.
1.
Solution: in simplifying this kind of expression, the choice of a multiplier is very important.

= Multiplying terms by 1 or

= First Law of Exponents

= Adding Exponents
Activity. Practice Exercises.
Simplify the following.
1. 1

2. ( )⅓

3.
Activity No: 44 Type of Activity: Practice Exercises
Activity Title: Expressions with Rational Exponents
Learning Target: a. simplify expression with rational exponents
Reference/s: Orines, Fernando B. et. al., 2014, Next Century Mathematics, New Grade 9,
Phoenix Publishing House pp. 216 – 219

Background:
EXPRESSIONS WITH RATIONAL EXPONENTS

Example 2. Simplify:

a.

Solution:

b.

Solution: •

=
( )( )

=
( )

Activity. Practice Exercises.

Simplify the following.

1.

2.

3.
Activity No: 45 Type of Activity: Practice Exercises
Activity Title: Rational Exponents and Radical Expressions
Learning Target: a. write expressions with rational exponent as radicals and vice versa
. b. evaluate expressions with rational exponent
Reference/s: Orines, Fernando B. et. al., 2014, Next Century Mathematics, New Grade 9,
Phoenix Publishing House pp. 228 - 230
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymakerintermediatealgebra/chapter/read-or-watch-rational-exponents/
https://youtu.be/OxsAVC5Hq4E
Background:
RATIONAL EXPONENTS AND RADICAL EXPRESSIONS
The application of the laws of exponents can be extended in writing expressions with rational exponents
as radicals and vice versa.

Let be any real number, and be a positive integer greater than 1.Then,
√ ,
√ (√ )
Example 1. Write each expression with rational exponent in radical form.
Solution:
a. ( ) √
b. ( ) ( ) √
c. ( ) ( ) √( )
d. First rewrite the exponent of and making them similar fractions.

Example 2. Write each radical in an expression with rational exponent.

Solution:
a. √ √
b. √ √
c. √ √
d. √ √ ( )

Example 3. Evaluate the following expressions.

Solution:
a. ( )
b. ( ) ( ) ( )
c.
√

d. ( )( ) ( )( ) [( ) ] [( ) ] ( )( )

Example 4. Express the following to the simplest radical.

Solution:

a. √ √ ( ) [( ) ] ( ) √
b. √ √

\
Activity. Practice Exercises.
A. Give the radical form.
1.
2. ( )
3.

B. Give the exponential form.

1. √
2. √
3. √

C. Evaluate the following.

1.

2. ( )

3. ( )

D. Express in simplest radical form

1.

2. √

3.
Activity No: 45 Type of Activity: Practice Exercises
Activity Title: Radical Expressions
Learning Target: a. find the root of a number
Reference/s: Orines, Fernando B. et. al., 2014, Next Century Mathematics, New Grade 9,
Phoenix Publishing House pp. 223 – 227
https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/nth-root.html
Background:
RADICAL EXPRESSIONS
To square a number means to raise it to the second power. To cube a number means to raise it to the third
power.
In general, to raise a number to the power means to use the number as a factor times. For
example,
=(5)(5) = 25
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64
24 = (2)(2)(2)(2) = 16
The reverse process of raising a number to the power is finding the th root of the number.
Consequently, the reverse process of squaring or cubing a number is finding the square root or the cube root
of the number.

Let be real numbers:

If
If
If

Example 1.
a. Find the square root of 25.
Solution: If is the square root of 25, then,
= 25 or ( )( ) .
The number that can satisfy the equation is 5, since (5)(5) = 25. Another number that can satisfy
the equation is , since ( )( ) . Hence, the square root of 25 is 5 or -5.
b. Find the cube root of .
Solution:
The equation can be used to find the cube root of is ( )( )( )
The only number that can satisfy the equation is

The root of a number can be written in symbol as √ √ is called radical sign, the inside is the
radicand. And is the index.
Example 2. Find the following.
a. √ = 7
b. √
The of a real number can be easily determined with the help of the following property.

For each real ,

√
√ | | if is an even integer.
For example:
√ ( )
√ ( is even)

Example 3. Simplify each radical.

a. √
Solution:
√ √
=| | ( is even)

b. √
Solution:
√ = √( )
= | |
 c. √
Solution:
√ = √( )
=
d. √
Solution:
√ = √( )
=| |
= | |

To avoid the use of absolute value notation, from hereon, it will be assumed that any variable under a
radical sign is positive.

Activity. Practice Exercises.

A. Give the value of the following.

1. √
2. √
3. √
4. √

B. Simplify the following.

1. √
2. √
3. √
4. √
Activity No: 47 Type of Activity: Practice Exercises
Activity Title: Simplifying Radical Expressions
Learning Target: a. prove the laws of radicals;
b. simplify radical expressions using the laws of radicals
Reference/s: Orines, Fernando B. et. al., 2014, Next Century Mathematics, New Grade 9,
Phoenix Publishing House pp. 236 – 239
Albay, Eduard M. et. al., 2018,Practical Math 9, DIWA Learning System, INC., pp. 145 - 147
https://www.mathwords.com/r/radical_rules.htm
Background:
SIMPLIFYING RADICAL EXPRESSIONS
Every radical expression can be written in simplest form. When simplifying radical expressions, it is
helpful to have a firm grasp of the laws of radicals.

If and are nonnegative real numbers then, √ √ √

Example 1. Simplify each radical.

Solution:
a. √ √ √( )( ) √ √ √
b. √( )( ) √( )( ) √ √ √
c. √ √ √( )( ) √ √ √
d. √ √ √( )( ) √ √ √
Always remember that the radicand of the answer should not contain any perfect th power.

√
If √
√

Example 2. Simplify the following.

Solution:
√ √
a. √ √
√ √
√
b. √ √
√
√ √
c. √ √ √
√
√
d. √ √
√
Take note that the rule does not apply if and and is even. In this case, there is no real th root for
negative real numbers when is even.

For every real number √ √ √ , except when and is

even, or when √ and is even.

Example 3. Simplify.
Solution:
a. √ √ √√ √ √√ √
b. √ √ √√ √ √√ √
c. √ √ √√ √ √ √
d. √ √ √√ √ Since the radicand is negative and the index
is even, has no real fourth root, or equivalently has no twelfth root.
Activity. Practice Exercises.

A. Simplify the following.

1.
2. √
3. √
4. √
√
5.
√

6. √
7. √
8. √ √

B. Simplify and explain your answer.

√√√
Activity No: 48 Type of Activity: Practice Exercises
Activity Title: Simplifying Radical Expressions
Learning Targets: a. simplify radical expressions using the laws of radicals
Reference/s: Orines, Fernando B. et. al., 2014, Next Century Mathematics, New Grade 9,
Phoenix Publishing House pp. 236 – 239
Albay, Eduard M. et. al., 2018,Practical Math 9, DIWA Learning System, INC.,
https://kiddymath.com/worksheets/simplifies-radical-expressions-using-the-laws-of-radicals
Background:
SIMPLIFYING RADICAL EXPRESSIONS
The laws of radicals are also used when simplifying radical expressions whose radicand is an algebraic
expression.

Example 1. Apply the laws of radicals to simplify the following expressions.

Solution:
a. √ √ √ √ √ √( ) √ √

b. √ √ √
√ √ √ √
√ √ √( ) √( )
√

c. √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

d. √ √ √
√ √ √ √
√

√ √
e. √ √
√ √

√
f. √ √
√

√ √ √ √ √ √
g. √ √
√ √ √

h. √√ √√ √ √ √ √

i. √ √ √ √ √√ √

Activity. Practice Exercises.

Simplify the following expressions using the laws of radicals.

1. √

2. √

3. √ 6. √√

√
4.
√

5. √ √
Activity No: 49 Type of Activity: Practice Exercises
Activity Title: Operations on Radicals Expressions
Learning Targets: a. performs addition and subtraction of radicals.
Reference/s: Orines, Fernando B. et. al., 2014, Next Century Mathematics, New Grade 9,
Phoenix Publishing House pp. 243 - 246
Albay, Eduard M. et. al., 2018,Practical Math 9, DIWA Learning System, INC.,156 – 159
Background:
OPERATIONS ON RADICALS EXPRESSIONS

Note that only similar radicals can be combined.

Radicals with the same index and the same radicand are called The following pairs are
examples of similar radicals:
√ √
√ √
√ √

Example 1. Combine into a single radical.

Solution:
a. √ √ √ √ ( )√ √
b. √ √ √ √ ( )√ √
c. √ √ √ √ ( )√ √
d. √ √ √ √ ( )√

Dissimilar Radicals
Radicals that are not similar or dissimilar radicals may become similar when simplified.
Example 2. Make each pair of radical expressions similar. Apply the appropriate law of radicals to simplify the
following.
Solution:

a. √ √ √ √ ; √ √
√ √

b. √ √ √ √ ; √ √
( )( )√ ( )( )√
√ √
c. ( )√ ,√ ( )√ ( )√ ;√ √
( )( ) √ √
√
√ √ √ √
d. √ √ ;
√
√ √

Example 3. Simplify the radicals in each expression, and then combine similar terms.

a. √ √ √
Solution:
√ √ √ √ √ √
√ √ √
( )√
√
 b. √ √ √
Solution:
√ √ √ √ √ √
√ √ √
( )√
√

c. √ √ √
Solution:
√ √ √ √ √ √
( )( ) √ ( )( ) √ √
( )√ √
√ √
d. √ √
Solution
√ √
√ √
√ √
√ √
√ √
√ √
√ √
√ √
√ √
√ √
√

Activity. Practice Exercises.

A. Combine into single radical.
1. √ √
2. √ √ √
√
3. √
√ √
4. √

B. Simplify the following and combine similar terms.

1. √ √
2. √ √ √
3. √ √ √
4. √ √
Activity No: 50 Type of Activity: Practice Exercises
Activity Title: Operations on Radicals Expressions
Learning Targets: a. performs multiplication of radicals.
Reference/s: Orines, Fernando B. et. al., 2014, Next Century Mathematics, New Grade 9,
Phoenix Publishing House pp. 249 - 251
Albay, Eduard M. et. al., 2018,Practical Math 9, DIWA Learning System, INC.,162 - 165
https://youtu.be/NQE-scWKDlw
Background:
OPERATIONS ON RADICALS EXPRESSIONS
Multiplication of Radicals
The main tool in multiplying radicals with the same index is the Product Rule for Radicals.
Example 1. Give the product
Solution:
a. √ √ √ √ √ √
b. √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
c. √ √ √ √ √ √
d. √ √ √ √ √
√
√
√
√
e. √ √ √ √ √
√
√
√

In multiplying a binomial, or any polynomial containing more than three radicals, by any monomial radical, the
distributive property is used.
Example 2. Multiply.
Solution:
a. √ (√ √ ) √ (√ √ ) √ √ ( √ ) √
√ √ √
√ √
√ √
√ √
√ √

b. √ (√ √ ) √ (√ √ ) √ (√ ) √ ( √ ) √ ( )
√ √ √
√ √ √
√ √ √
√ √ √
√ √ √
√ √

c. √ ( √ √ ) √ ( √ √ ) ( √ ) √ ( √ ) √
√ √
√ √
( )( )√ ( )( )√
√ √
(√ √ )

Example 3. Find the product.

Solution:
The factors are sum and difference of two numbers. The product is the difference of their squares.
a. (√ √ )(√ √ ) (√ √ )(√ √ ) (√ ) (√ )
 The FOIL method or distributive property can be used to find the product.
b. ( √ )( √ ) ( √ )( √ ) ( )( ) ( )(√ ) (√ )( ) (√ )(√ )
√ √ √
√ √
√ ( )( )√
( ) [( √ ) ( √ )]
√

Method of finding the square of a binomial can be used to find the product
c. (√ √ ) (√ √ ) (√ ) (√ )( √ ) ( √ )
√
( ) √
√
√

Activity. Practice Exercises.

Multiply and Simplify.

1. √ √
2. √ √
3. √ √
4. (√ )(√ )
5. (√ √ )(√ √ )
6. ( √ √ )