MORPHOLOGY 2021

Task 1: Which of the following words may not deserve to be regarded as lexical items, and so may not need to be
listed in a dictionary of modern English?
1. punish punishing punishable punishment punished
2. breaks breaking broken breakable heartbroken
3. two twice second secondly secondhand
4. normal normally norm normality abnormal
5. university universities universities’
6. drink drank drunk (v) drunk (a) drinker
7. good well better best bestie
8. wash rewash rewashed

Task 2: In the following sentences, count word tokens, types, and lexemes:

1 I say now, just as I said yesterday, that the price of a wombat is high but the price of a platypus is higher.
_______ tokens _______ types _______ lexemes
2 I've just replaced my printer with a new one that prints much faster.
_______ tokens _______ types _______ lexemes

Task 3: What words belong to the same word family or lexeme as sing?

Task 4: Are these words content or function words? Write C for Content word or F for Function word then identify the
grammar category of the words.

Word C/F Grammar category Word C/F Grammar category

1. other function 11. smoothly content
2. forget content 12. some function
3. establishment content 13. study content
4. with function 14. look into content
5. friendly content 15. child content
6. must function 16. adversely content
7. a function 17. submit content
8. to function 18. or function
9. lovely content 19. from function
10. inconvenience content 20. however function

Task 5: Identify the word type (simple, complex or compound) and the root(s) of each of the following words.

Word Word type Root Word Word type Root

1. forget simple forget 16. online compound on, line
2. undo complex do 17. downsides compound down, side
3. tonight complex night 18. reassessment complex assess
4. sleepy complex sleep 19. kingdom complex king
1
 5. sunburn compound sun, burn 20. academic writing compound academy, write
6. fully-furnished complex full, furnish 21. disarms complex arm
7. calculating complex calculate 22. children’s complex child
8. heard complex hear 23. teddy bear compound teddy, bear
9. tidiest complex tidy 24. abnormality complex norm
10. never simple never 25. tablets complex table
11. semi-detached complex detach 26. bicycles complex cycle
12. photo simple photo 27. almost compound all, most
13. ebooks complex book 28. whole-hearted complex whole, heart
14. dragon fruit compound dragon, fruit 29. googling complex google
15. improbability complex probable 30. hopelessness complex hope

Task 6: Analyze the following words into morphemes. Put a plus (+) sign between morphemes. Label each as B (bound
morpheme) or F (free morpheme).

e.g. cars = car (F) + -s (B)

1. anti-hero anti (bound) - hero(free)

2. sprayed spray ( f) - ed(b)
3. childhood child(f)-hood(f)
4. truthfulness true (F) + -th(B) + -ful(B) + -ness(B)
5. justify just(F) + -fy(B)
6. television tele-(B) + vis-(B) + - ion(B)
7. autobiography auto(B) + -bio(B) + graph(F) + -y(B)
8. higher-education high(F) + -er(B) + educate(F) + - ion(B)
9. pool party pool (F) + part-(F) + -ner(B)
10. partners’ part-(F) + -ner(B) + -s(B) + '(B)
11. fertilizer fertile(F) + -ize(B) + -er(B)
12. flirtatiously flirt(F) + -ious(B)-ly(B)
13. friendliest friend(F) + -ly(B) + -est(B)
14. up-to-date up(F) + to (F) + date(F)
15. personalities person(F) + -al(B) + -ity(B) + -es(B)
16. pre-tax profits pre-(B) + tax(F) + profit(F)+ -s(B)
17. touch sensitive touch(F) + sense(F) - itive(B)
18. public speaking skills public(F) + speak(F) + -ing(B) + skill(F) + -s(B)
19. devaluation de-(B) + value(F) + -ation(B)
20. retroactive retro(F, B) + act(F) + - ive(B)
21. covering cover(F) + -ing(B)
22. decoded de-(B) + code(F) + -ed(B)
23. contradict contra-(B) + -dict-(B)
24. disappearance dis-(B) + appear(F) + -ance(B)
25. irregular ir-(B) + regular(F)
26. illiteracy il-(B) + literate(F) + -cy(B)
27. internationally inter-(B) + nation(F) + -al(B) + -ly(B)

2
 28. ultraviolet ultra-(B) + violet(F)
29. Facebook accounts Facebook(F) + a-(b) + count(F)+ -s(B)
30. single-use plastics single(F) + use(F) + plastic(F) + -s(B) plas-(B)(to mould) + -ic(B)
31. precautionary pre-(B) + caution(F) + -ary(B)
32. postgraduates post-(B) + graduate(F) + -es(B)
33. depth deep(F) + -th(B)
34. expressionism ex-(B) + press(F) + -ion(B) + -ism(B)
35. purify pure(F) + -ify(B)
36. workability work(F) + -able(B) + -ity(B)
37. affectionately affection(F) + -ate(B) + -ly(B)
38. dramatize drama(F) + -ize(B)
39. self-pity self(F) + pity(F)
40. youth hotels young (F) + -th(B) + hotel(F) + -s(B)
41. blood pressure blood(F) + press(F) + -ure(B)
42. pocket money pocket(F) + money (F)
43. global warming globe(F) + -al(B) + warm(F) + -ing(B)
44. non-English speakers non-(B) + England(F) + -ish(B) + speak(F) + -er(B) + -s(B)
45. black sheep (plural) black(F) + sheep(F) + -s(B)
46. penniless penny(F) + -less(B)
47. gentlemanly gentle(F) + man(F) + -ly(B)
48. ungracious un-(B) + grace(F) + -ious(B)
49. verbalization verb(F) -al(B) + -ize(B) + -ion(B)
50. visibly vis-(B) + -ible(B) + -ly(B)

Task 7: Identify the affixes in the following words. Decide if they are inflectional or derivational affixes.

Word Derivational Inflectional Word Derivational Inflectional

affix(es) affix(es) affix(es) affix(es)
1. payment -ment none 26. width -th none
2. Bill’s none 's 27. favoritism -ite, -ism none
3. fifth -th none 28. fragility -ity none
4. deadliest -ly -est 29. premade pre- -ed
5. replay re- none 30. whitening -en -ing
6. beaten none -en 2 cases 31. oxen -en none
7. worse none -er 32. misfortune mis- none
8. worsened -en -er, -ed 33. embodiment em-, ment- none
9. bosses’ none -es, -'s 34. kidnapper -er none
10. player -er none 35. reactionary re-,-ion, -ary none
11. roughest none -est 36. came none -ed
12. spiteful -ful none 37. philosopher -er none
13. further none -er 38. festival none none
14. judgments -ment -s 39. banana none none
15. nobody none none 40. prettier none -er
16. supernatural super-,-al none 41. semicircle semi- none

3
 17. broken (v) -ed 42. deform de-
18. broken (adj) -ed 43. violinist’s -ist -'s
19. deepened -en -ed 44. teeth -es
20. disobey dis- 45. preseason pre-
21. optionality -al,-ity,-ion 46. mistreat mis-
22. premature pre- 47. subtitle sub-
23. seldom 48. cranberries -es
24. quarterly -ly 49. fandom -dom
25. discover dis- 50. gangsters none -s

Task 8: Produce a formula for each affix. Provide two more words which follow the formula.

Affix Formula Words

swiftly, strongly, carefully,
0. –ly as in calmly, highly Adj + -ly  Adv beautifully
1. -ness As in friendliness, restlessness Adj + -ness ->N calmness, darkness
2. re- As in reuse, redo re- + V -> V recapture, regain
3. mis- As in misspell, mistrust mis- + V ->V misjudge, misunderstand
4. un- As in untie, undo un- + V -> V uncover, unzip
5. un- As in unhappy, unlucky un- + adj -> adj unqualified, unharmed

Task 9: Analyze each of the following words, using a tree-diagram

1. disorganized 13. departure gates 25. universalized 37. elements

2. philosopher’s 14. within 26. another 38. notable
3. wisdom teeth 15. identification card 27. firefighters 39. make-up tips
4. arrivals 16. mid-afternoon 28. Westernization 40. hopefully
5. untruly 17. unlawful 29. falsify 41. invisibly
6. boring 18. reinterpreting 30. anti-fans’ 42. counterattacked
7. deepened 19. embodiment 31. single-use plastics 43. supernatural
8. lifelessness 20. ungrammatical 32. engagement rings 44. unemployment
9. old-fashioned 21. fatalistic 33. prehistoric 45. preschools
10. misjudgments 22. malfunction 34. Buddhist 46. materialism
11. text-to-speech 23. heart attack 35. public speaking 47. mother-in-law
12. pre-tax profits 24. worsening 36. open-minded 48. academic writing

Task 10: Identify the word formation process

Word formation process

1. return on investment  ROI acronyms
2. information, entertainment  infotainment blending
3. modulator, demodulator  Modem blending
4. love, seat  loveseat compounding
5. international, police  Interpol blending
6. a comb  to comb conversion

4
 Danh dùng thành verb : conversion
Noun ra verb: Backformation
7. delicatessen  deli Clipping
8. Capt. Charles Cunningham Boycott  Boycott Clipping
9. automation Noun  automate V Backformation
10. humid adjective  humidifier noun Conversion
11. information, entertainment  infotainment Blending
12. loveseat  loveseat Backformation
13. progress (n)  progress (v) Backformation
14. typographical error  typo Clipping
15. aerobics, marathon  aerobathon Blending
16. act V,N  deactivateV Backformation
17. curve, ball  curve ball compounding
18. perambulator  Pram Clipping
19. (the) comb  comb (your hair) Clipping - backformation
20. beef, buffalo  Beefalo Blending
21. random access memory  RAM Acronyms
22. megabyte  Meg Clipping
23. teleprinter, exchanger  Telex Blending
24. influenza  Flu Clipping
25. GST  Goods and Services Tax Acronyms