KINDS OF POETRY

This paper is intended to fulfill assignment the Poetry Course

Lecture’s Name : Tauricha Astiyandha, M.Pd

Created by:

Group 2

- Nidaul Hasanah Ahmad (252019014)

- Lora Izzatul Laila (2520190031)
- Indri Nur Hasanah (2520190028)

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHING AND EUCATIONAL SCIENCES
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF AS-SYAFI’IYAH
2022
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Paper

Poetry has been around for almost four thousand years. Like other forms of literature,
poetry is written to share ideas, express emotions, and create imagery. Poets choose words for
their meaning and acoustics, arranging them to create a tempo known as the meter. Some
poems incorporate rhyme schemes, with two or more lines that end in like-sounding words.
Today, poetry remains an important part of art and culture. Every year, the United
States Library of Congress appoints a Poet Laureate to represent the art of poetry in America.
From Shakespearean sonnets to Maya Angelou’s reflective compositions, poems are long-
lived, read and recited for generations.
Poetry can be intimidating. It’s easy to feel that it’s too difficult to read and too scary
to write. The world of poetry is vast and varied, and there are poems out there you will love
and types of poems you will enjoy writing. You might just need a quick introduction to
various poetic forms to get you going. Therefore, this paper will be discused about kinds and
forms of poetry.
B. Problem Formulation
1. Explain kinds of poetry?
2. Explain form of poetry?
C. Objectives

The students are able to explain the kinds of poetry and its form.
 CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL STUDY

A. Kinds of Poetry

There are several kinds of poetry, they are:

1. Ballad, or literary ballad, is a long singing poem that tells a story (usually of love or
adventure), written in quatrains - four lines alternatively of four and three feet - the third
line may have internal rhyme. Ballade is French in origin and made up of 28 lines,
usually three stanzas of 8 lines and a concluding stanza, called envoy, of 4 lines. The last
line of each stanza is the same and the scheme is ababbcbc and the envoy's is bcbc.
According to:
Boulton (1982: 103)
“Ballad is a simple, fairly short, narrative poem: its style may not necessarily be naïve or
primitive, but it does not have the elaborate figures of speech characteristics of epic and
epic narrative.”
Subhinki (2002)
“The story of a ballad can originate from a wide range of subject matter but most
frequently deals with folklore or popular legends.”
2. Blank Verse is made up of unrhymed iambic pentameter lines.
3. Elegy is a lyric poem written to commemorate someone who is dead.
4. Epigram is a brief, pointed, and witty poem of no prescribed form.
5. Free Verse has no identifiable meter, although the lines may have a rhyme-scheme.
6. Haiku is an unrhymed poem of seventeen syllables derived from Japanese verse; it is
made up of three lines, lines 1 and 3 have five syllables, line 2 has seven.
7. Heroic Couplet is two lines of rhyming iambic pentameters.
8. Limerick is a five-line poem in which lines 1, 2, and 5 are anapestic trimeters and lines 3
and 4 are anapestic dimeters, rhymed as aabba. Possible source of origin is Limerick,
Ireland.
9. Lyric is a poem of emotional intensity and expresses powerful feelings.
10. Narrative form is used to tell a story; it is usually made of ballad stanzas - four lines
alternatively of four and three feet.
11. Ode, English in origin, is a poem of indefinite length, divided in 10-line stanzas, rhymed,
with different schemes for each stanza - ababcdecde, written in iambic meter.
 12. Parody is a humorous imitation of a serious poem.
13. Quatrain is a four-line stanza with various meters and rhyme schemes.
14. Sestina consists of thirty-nine lines divided into six six-line stanzas and a three-line
concluding stanza called an envoy.
15. Sonnet is a fourteen line poem. The Italian or Petrarchan has two stanzas: the first of
eight lines is called octave and has the rhyme-scheme abba abba; the second of six lines
is called the sestet and has the rhyme cdecde or cdcdcd. The Spenserian sonnet,
developed by Edmund Spenser, has three quatrains and a heroic couplet, in iambic
pentameter with rhymes ababbcbccdcdee. The English sonnet, developed by
Shakespeare, has three quatrains and a heroic couplet, in iambic pentameter with rhymes
ababcdcdefefgg.
16. Tercet is a three-line stanza; when all three lines rhyme they are called a triplet.
17. Terza Rima consists of interlocking three-line rhyme scheme (aba, bcb).
18. Villanelle is a fixed form consisting of nineteen lines divided into six stanzas: five tercets
and a a concluding quatrain.
B. Poetic forms

There are a number of common poetic forms. People who are familiar with poetry can
usually tell what the form of a poem is when they first look at it. The form tells the reader
what to expect from the poem, and the person who writes the poem can "play" with the form
in interesting ways.

1. Ballad - story told in verse. It tells about a dramatic event, without much detail or setting.
Action is very important in a ballad. A ballad stanza is usually a simple quatrain (four-
line stanza) or octave, and there is often a repetitive refrain. Ballads are often written in
alternating lines of four (tetrameter) and three (trimeter) beats. As you can guess, this
form started out as a song. A example of a traditional Scottish ballad is Lord Randal at
http://www.bartleby.com/243/66.html
2. Haiku - a short poem with seventeen syllables, usually written in three lines with five
syllables in the first line, seven in the second, and five in the third. It must refer to
something in nature or use a "season word." "hai-ku" means "beginning phrase." The
present tense is used, the subject is one thing happening now, and words are not repeated.
It does not rhyme. The origin of the haiku is Japanese. A famous haiku writer was Basho,
and a page about it is at Haiku for People at http://www.toyomasu.com/haiku/
3. Cinquain - a five-line poem with two syllables in the first line, four in the second, six in
the third, eight in the fourth, and two in the fifth. It expresses one image or thought, in
one or possibly two sentences. Thomas Greer's cinquains are good examples
(http://www.ahapoetry.com/cinqtg.htm)
4. Villanelle - a 19-line poem with five tercets and one quatrain at the end. Two of the lines
are repeated alternately at the ends of the tercets, and finish off the poem: the first line
and the third line of the first tercet. Although it sounds very complicated, it's like a song
or a dance and easy to see once you've looked at a villanelle. Right now this is my
favorite poetic form. One of the best-known villanelles is Dylan Thomas' poem for his
dying father,Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night
(http://www.poets.org/poems/poems.cfm?prmID=1159)
5. Limerick - A five-line poem, usually meant to be funny. The rhythm is anapests. Lines 1,
2, and 5 rhyme with one another, and lines 3 and 4 rhyme with one another. Lines 1, 2,
and 5 have three feet, lines 3 and 4 have two feet. An iamb can be substituted for an
anapest in the first foot of any line. The last foot can add another unstressed beat for the
rhyming effect. An example of a limerick is at
http://www.bartleby.com/65/li/limerick.html
6. Sonnet - There are different types of sonnet. The most familiar to us is made of three
quatrains and ends with a couplet. They tend to be complicated and elegant. William
Shakespeare wrote the most well-known sonnets.
http://www.ludweb.com/poetry/sonnets/
7. Free verse (or open form) - Much modern poetry does not obviously rhyme and doesn't
have a set meter. However, sound and rhythm are often still important, and it is still often
written in short lines for a good reason. A line can be like a musical phrase or a single
breath. There may be a pause after each line. Patterns of syllables, sounds, meter, and
repetition all have something to do with the meaning of the poem. Jim Hall's Maybe Dats
Youwr Pwoblem Too is a non-rhyming poem:
http://www.dpo.uab.edu/~jenastar/maybedatsyourproblem.html
8. Concrete poetry (pattern or shape poetry) is a picture poem, in which the visual shape of
the poem contributes to its meaning. There is a website devoted to Concrete Poetry at
http://www.gardendigest.com/concrete/
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
From what we have been discussed above, we all know that there are many kinds of
poetry such as ballad, blank verse, elegy, epigram, free verse, haiku, heroic couplet, limerick,
lyric, narrative, ode, parody, quatrain, sestina, sonnet, tercet, terza rima, and villanelle. There
are also forms of poetry such as ballad, haiku, cinquain, villanellas, limerick, sonnet, free
verse, and concrete poetry.
We know that all children are unique in their strengths and interests, these kinds and
form of poetry can be influential for all students in opening the doors to creativity, language
development, and change their perspective about to write and read poetry that actually it is
not difficult.
B. Suggestion
This paper is far from perfect, therefore the authors expect criticism and suggestions from
various parties for the improvement of this paper in the future.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Boulton, Majorie. 1982 The Anatomy of Poetry. Revised Edition, London: Rouledge &
Kegan Paul
Reuben P. Paul. In Elements of Poetry: A Brief Introduction. Available from
http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal.html: Internet.
Subhinsky, G. Robert in Glossary of Poetic Terms. Available from http://www.poeticby
way.com: Internet
Turner, Delia Marshall at [email protected] : Internet