10

ENGLISH
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
PERSPECTIVE
Writing An Argumentative Essay

Self-Learning Module
 FOREWORD

Language learning in the secondary level is more on using the language.

It’s more on experiencing the use of the English as a second language in
its day to day dealings be it in writing or in speaking.

In “Perspective” , the learner is guided on how he can express his

views/comments to peoples, issues and affairs constructively through a
literary genre called an essay.

Every learner needs to know that he is not a mere recepient of

knowledge. He can also be a messenger of information, an agent of
persuasion and a defender of argumentation in his PERSPECTIVE in an
Argumentative Essay.

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CONTENT STANDARDS
The learner demonstrates understanding of world literature as a source of
wisdom in expressing and resolving conflicts between individuals or groups
and nature; strategies in evaluative reading, writing, listening, and viewing;
special speeches for occasions; and effective use of structures of modifications
and pronouns

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The learner transfers learning by composing an independent
critique of a chosen selection and by delivering special speeches
that observe the proper use and acknowledgment of sources and
appropriate prosodic features, stance, and behavior

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Compose an argumentative essay
[EN10WC (MELC 3.2)]

1.1 Identify the characteristics of an

argumentative essay
1.2 Determine the structure of an
argumentative essay
1.3 Write an argumentative essay on a
current social issue
1.4 Organize ideas in an essay logically
1.5 Persuade others to consider in their
stance what is good in God’s eyes as
well as that of men

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 WHAT I KNOW
A. Cloze Test. Fill in the blanks with the answer called for. Use the pool of words/phrases
inside the box.

comments to inform or persuade persuasive

evidences entertains while it informs position
opinion subject matter literary
debatable opinionated current

What is an essay?

An essay is a 1_________________genre where one can express his

2___________________. It comes from the French word ‘essais’ which means to try or attempt
and implies some modesty on the part of the author. The term was used by a French author,
Michel de Montaigne, in1952 as a title of his collection of papers containing
3___________________ on people and affairs.

Essays can be classified according to the style it is written, thus, the formal and informal.
The purpose of a formal essay is 4__________________________ the reader in a logical and
conventional way. The informal essay 5_______________________________ and plays more on
figurative language in an intimate manner.

Another way of classifying the essay is according to its 6______________________ like in

an argumentative essay.

Argumentative essays seek to state a 7________________ on an issue and give several

reasons, supported by 8____________________ , for agreeing with that position. The use of
informative, 9_____________________ and argumentative writing techniques you have learned
in the previous lesson is a tool you can use in composing an argumentative essay. It is sometimes
called persuasive writing because it aims to convince the reader about a certain stand on a 10
____________ issue.

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WHAT I KNOW
B. Tell how each of the given paragraph is developed. Write In if its informative, Pe if its
persuasive, and Ar if its argumentative.

_____ 1. People need exercise to stay healthy. Adults should exercise at least 20
minutes daily, but most people do not. Activities like swimming, lifting weights, and
playing sports are often inconvenient and expensive. The best type of exercise is
walking because it is easy, convenient, and usually done outside.

_____ 2. It’s no secret that remote learning poses a lot of challenges for many Filipino
students. Buying a laptop, computer, or even a tablet or mobile phone plus
securing an internet connection aren’t something that all Filipino parents can easily
do for their children no matter how much they would like to. Many lost their
livelihoods due to the pandemic.
https://www.rappler.com/brandrap/tech-and-innovation/coronavirus-reshaping-distance-
learning-education-philippines/

_____ 3. Through its field offices and teachers, the DepEd sought to find out which
among the range of off-school pedagogical modes best suited students depending
on their location in the archipelago, it found out that most parents prefer the
modular learning modality for their children over other options. This, based on the
initial results of the Learner Enrollment and Survey Form (LESF), which showed that
8.8 million parents preferred modular, over the 3.9 million who voted for blended
learning, which is a combination of different modalities: module, television and
radio or radio with online.
https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/10/08/the-impossible-is-possible-covid-shut-down-schools-
but-learning-goes-on/

______ 4. Let us remember that if we normalize too quickly we face the

possibility of again seeing a spike in COVID-19 infections. And if we again slide into
more stringent quarantine restrictions, we can say goodbye to this particular
distinction. Although in such a scenario that would be the least of our worries.
https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2020/10/09/2048273/editorial-best-island-asia

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

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WHAT TO KNOW

Features of an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay attempts to be highly persuasive and logical. It usually assumes
that the reader disagrees with the writer, but it should be noted that the reader is no less
intelligent than the writer.

The success of your argument depends on your skill in convincing your reader through
sound reasoning, persuasion, and evidence. There are three fundamental types of appeal in
presenting an argument: reason, ethics, and emotion.

Argumentative essays convey opinions that are proposed as true or justifiable. It is for this
reason that an editorial is the most outstanding example of argumentative writing. Hence,
argumentative essay should be written objectively and logically.

The Characteristics of an Argumentative Essay

1. Presents and explains the issue or case
2. Gives reasons and supports these reasons to prove its point
3. Refutes (proves wrong) opposing arguments

Basic Components of an Argument:

1. The claim (typically answers the question: “What do I think?”)
2. The reasons (typically answers the question: “Why do I think so?”)
3. The evidence (typically answers the question: “How do I know this is the case?”)

Types of Argument Claims

1. Fact: Is it true or not?
2. Definition: What does it really mean?
3. Value: How important is it?
4. Cause and Effect: What is the cause? What are the effects?
5. Policy: What should we do about it?

Suggested Essay Introduction Ideas

1. Tell a true story.
2. Present a hypothetical situation that illustrates the problem.
3. Ask a thought-provoking question.
4. State a startling fact or statistic (cite a reputable source).
5. Simply explain the problem.
6. Compare and contrast.
(2015 – 1st Edition) Celebrating Diversity through World Literature – Grade 10, English Learner’s Material,
Published by the Department of Education, Printed by Rex Book Store Inc.

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6.
7.
 WHAT TO KNOW

The Structure of a Conventional Argumentative Essay

A Catchy Title

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 WHAT TO KNOW
A MODEL ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

Aggressive Driving Should be Avoided

(1) Aggressive driving is a phenomenon, which has only recently got the public worried. (2)
The National Highway Traffic Safety Council (NHTSC) defines aggressive driving as “the operation
of a motor vehicle in a manner that endangers or is likely to endanger persons or property”. (3)
Actions such as running red lights, improper passing, overtaking on the left, improper lane change,
failing to yield, improper turns, running stop signs, tailgaiting, careless driving and speeding are
examples of aggressive driving. (4) Such actions are dangerous to other road users. (5) Aggressive
driving should be avoided because it causes crashes, injuries and fatalities.

(6) The first reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes crashes. (7)
According to NHTSC between 78 percent (excessive speed) and 100 percent (improper passing) of
the cases of aggressive driving resulted in traffic crashes and 96 percent of the drivers cited for
“following too closely” or tail gaiting caused crashes as a result of their aggressive driving. (8)
Moreover, “running red light”, “improper passing”, and “overtaking on the left” topped other
categories of aggressive driving in contributing to traffic crashes.

(9) Another reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes injuries. (10) NHTSC
states that the percentages of the injuries caused by aggressive driving are, in almost all categories
of aggressive driving, above 100 percent. (11) Furthermore, the Department of Highway Safety
(DHS) reports that this is due to the fact that each motor vehicle crash accounts for one or more
injuries. (12) It was found that of the ten categories of aggressive driving, “running red light”,
“failing to yield”, and “running stop signs” are the most serious factors contributing to injuries.

(13) Yet another reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes fatalities. (14)
“Overtaking on the left” appears to be the most important contributing factor in traffic fatalities
as it relates to aggressive driving. (15) “Improper lane change”, “running stop sign” and “running
red light” rank second through four in terms of their contribution to traffic fatalities (DHS, 2008).

(16) The above evidence shows that aggressive driving causes crashes, injuries and fatalities.
(17) Hence, aggressive driving should be avoided. (18) Since the opening of the North-South
Highway, the number of kilometers of roads in the country has increased by one percent while the
number of vehicle miles driven has increased by 35 percent. (19) More cars and more drivers are
also on the road, leading to more aggressive drivers.

[Source: Retrieved September 2009 from: http://www.aaafoundation.org. Mizell, Louis. (2007). Aggressive
driving, road & travel.]

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WHAT TO KNOW

} Supporting Details

} Supporting Details

} Supporting Details

} General statements which support the main premise.

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 WHAT I LEARNED

Activity 1. Underline once the stand of the speaker in the paragraph below. Then encircle each
of the reasons that supports it. (5points)
People need exercise to stay healthy. Adults should exercise at least 20
minutes daily, but most people do not. Activities like swimming, lifting weights, and
playing sports are often inconvenient and expensive. The best type of exercise is
walking because it is easy, convenient, and usually done outside.

Activity 2. Choose any one of the situation/issues below and do the following task after.(23pts.)
- The ‘No Vaccine-No Face-to-face Class’ order of Pres. Rodrigo R. Duterte
- The Anti-Terror Law
- The need to intensify Health Care Program in the Philippines
- Prayer: the only refuge and remedy in trying times
- Economic instability brought by Covid19

A. Give your stance to the given situation/issue. Write down your stand in simple
declarative sentence.

_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

B. Present three arguments/reasons for giving such stand

- _____________________________________________________________________
- _____________________________________________________________________
- _____________________________________________________________________

C. Support the arguments/reasons you’ve given in B with facts/evidence

- _____________________________________________________________________
- _____________________________________________________________________
- _____________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

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 WHAT I CAN

Compose a 500 hundred words argumentative essay on any one of the following social issues
given in Activity 1.

- Use another piece/s of paper for your essay preferably a short-sized bond paper.
- Consider the following in writing your essay.
1. You may encode and submit your work in soft copy or write in print observing the
rules of using small and capital letters correctly.
2. Observe the 1-inch imaginary margins in all 4 sides
3. Use this heading: (To be written inside the margins)

Name: ___________________________ Score/Rating:___________

Section: _________________________ Date: __________________

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 RUBRIC FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

Points
4 3 2 1
Earned
Well developed Introductory paragraph Introduction states the Thesis and/or problem is
introductory paragraph contains some background thesis but does not vague or unclear.
INTRODUCTION contains detailed information and states the adequately explain the Background details are a
Background/History background information, problem, but does not background of the seemingly random
Define the Problem a clear explanation or explain using details. problem. The problem is collection of information,
Thesis Statement definition of the problem, States the thesis of the stated, but lacks detail. unclear, or not related to
and a thesis statement. paper. the topic.

Three or more main Three or more main points Three or more main Less than three main
points are well developed are present but may lack points, but all lack points, with poor
with supporting details. detail and development in development. Refutation development of
MAIN POINTS Refutation paragraph one or two. Refutation paragraph missing and/or ideas. Refutation missing
Body Paragraphs acknowledges the paragraph acknowledges vague. or vague.
Refutation opposing view, and the opposing view, but
summarizes their main doesn't summarize points.
points.

Conclusion summarizes Conclusion summarizes Conclusion summarizes Conclusion does not

the main topics without main topics. Some main topics, but is adequately summarize the
repeating previous suggestions for change are repetitive. No suggestions main points. No
CONCLUSION sentences; writer's evident. for change and/or opinions suggestions for change or
opinions and suggestions are included. opinions are included.
for change are logical and
well thought out.

Source material is Source material is used. All Source material is used, Lacks sources and/or
smoothly integrated into sources are accurately but integration may be sources are not accurately
the text. All sources are documented, but a few are awkward. All sources are documented. Format is
WORKS CITED accurately documented in not in the desired format. accurately documented, incorrect for all sources.
the desired format on the but many are not in the

Works Cited page. desired format.

Sentence structure is Sentence structure is Work contains structural Work contains multiple
MECHANICS correct. Punctuation and generally correct. Some weaknesses and incorrect sentence
Sentence Structure capitalization are correct. awkward sentences do grammatical errors. There structures. There are four
Punctuation & appear. There are one or are three or four errors in or more errors in
Capitalization two errors in punctuation punctuation and/or punctuation and/or
and/or capitalization. capitalization. capitalization.

---Total >

Suggested Scoring/Grading Equivalent:

A = 17 - 20 points C = 9 – 12 points E = 4 or less
B = 13 – 16 points D = 5 – 8 points

Teacher’s Comment/s: _______________________________________________________________________

http://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~ede104d1/rubrics/Rubric%20for%20the%20Assessment%20of%20the%20Argumentative%20Essay.htm

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 REFERENCES

(2015 – 1st Edition) Celebrating Diversity through World Literature – Grade 10, English Learner’s Material,
Published by the Department of Education,Printed by Rex Book Store Inc.

Mizell, Louis. (2007). Aggressive driving, road & travel. Retrieved September 2009 from:
http://www.aaafoundation.org.

http://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~ede104d1/rubrics/Rubric%20for%20the%20Assessment%20of%20the%20
Argumentative%20Essay.htm

https://www.rappler.com/brandrap/tech-and-innovation/coronavirus-reshaping-distance-learning-
education-philippines

https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/10/08/the-impossible-is-possible-covid-shut-down-schools-but-
learning-goes-on/

https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2020/10/09/2048273/editorial-best-island-asia

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

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 Learning Resource Management and Development Center
Curriculum Implementation Division
Division of Mandaue City

NIMFA D. BONGO, EdD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

ESTELA V. SUSVILLA, PhD, CESO VI

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

JAIME P. RUELAN
OIC-Chief Curriculum Implementation Division

ISMAELITA N. DESABILLE
Education Program Supervisor- LRMDS

MERCEDITA M. DEMORAL
Education Program Supervisor- LRMDS

EMILY C. CABUSA
Writer/Illustrator/Layout Artist

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City
Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014
Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Website: https://depedmandaue.net

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