DRRR Q1 Week-8
DRRR Q1 Week-8
DRRR Q1 Week-8
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their respective copyright owners. The authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Learning Objectives:
The learners shall be able to:
1. Identify the common signs of an impending volcanic eruption;
2. Demonstrate how to use the different volcano hazard maps for evacuation
planning; and
3. Recognize the significance of identifying the commons signs of an impending
volcanic eruption and interpreting different volcano hazard maps.
Key Concepts:
Volcanic eruption
• A volcano is a vent, or mountain from which magma (molten or hot rocks with
gaseous materials) are ejected onto the earth’s surface.
• Unlike other mountains, which are pushed up from below, volcanoes are built by
surface accumulation of their eruptive products - layers of lava, fragmented rock
materials, and ashes.
• When temperature and pressure from gases within the molten rock become too
great, an eruption occurs. Volcanic eruption is the process wherein these volcanic
materials are ejected from a volcano.
• The assessment of a volcano’s status (if it is quiet or in normal state, in state of unrest,
expected to erupt, erupting) is based on the different parameters that can be
observed. Volcanologists often use a combination of as many data available from the
different parameters used for evaluation. For example, the number of earthquakes as
recorded by the seismograph may increase from background levels of 0-5 per week
and may escalate into 100s in a day.
• Gases - rise through vents called fumaroles (from the Latin for “smoke”) and other
cracks. Sometimes the concentrations are high enough to create acid rain that kills
vegetation. That’s one very visible sign of activity, but scientists have several ways to
measure the rate of emissions more precisely. Scientists mount/ install infrared and
correlation spectrometers from airplanes, for example, and fly through a plume of
gas. These instruments read energy signatures—thermal output or electromagnetic
frequencies—to identify and quantify the gases.
Use of Remote
sensing images also
help compare before
and after features.
Geochemistry Rise through vents Gas being emitted by Changes in
(Gas, Water, called fumaroles (from volcanic can be temperature
temperature) the Latin for “smoke”) measured directly by
and other cracks. gas monitoring Water becomes more
Sometimes the equipment acidic
concentrations are
high enough to create Collect gas and Some gas, for example
acid rain that kills water samples from SO2 from base levels
vegetation. That’s one vents and fumaroles of 100 tons/day jump
very visible sign of and analyze in the to 4,000 tons/day
activity, but scientists laboratory (X-Ray can be an indication
have several ways to Flourescence of unrest
measure the rate of XRF)(COSPEC)-
Table 2. People living near volcanoes may observe premonitory events before an
eruption.
The following are commonly observed signs that a volcano is about to erupt. These
precursors may vary from volcano to volcano:
• In the Philippines, we use a system of Volcano Alert Signals to define the current
status of each volcano. The alert levels range from 0 to 5. The alert levels are used
to guide any appropriate response from the Local Government Units (LGUs).
areas of that particular municipality are colored with Pink and Purple, suggesting
that this area are highly and moderately prone to Lahars.
• Compared to the majority of the
municipality of Malilipot, Albay does
not denotes any of the aforementioned
colors suggesting that the place is less
likely to be affected with lahars. Take
notice of the mountainous topography
within Malilipot, makes it as an
advantage for such hazard.
Figure 13. Six (6) Km Permanent Danger Zone from Figure 14. Four (4) Km Permanent Danger Zone from
Bulusan Lava Flow Hazard Map Bulusan Lava Flow Hazard Map
Source: Source:
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/vault/volcano- https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/vault/volcano-
hazard/bulusan/bulusan_density_current_hazards_ hazard/bulusan/bulusan_density_current_hazards_
map.png map.png
• Shaking of surrounding
• Swelling/deformation of the volcano
• Steam emission/smoke (white to gray ash)
• Crater glow
• Smell of sulfur (rotten egg)
Scenario Signs
Guide Questions:
1. How can we tell when a volcano will erupt?
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2. What are the two kinds of eruption?
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3. What is the significance of identifying signs of an impending volcanic eruption?
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Objective: Demonstrate how to use the different volcano hazard maps for evacuation planning.
What you need: Paper and pen
What to do:
1. Study the close-up image of Mt. Mayon emphasizing the 6 km Permanent
Danger Zone (PDZ) and 7 km Extended Danger Zone (EDZ).
2. Fill out the table provided below, identifying barangays that are enclosed within 6 Km
Permanent Danger Zone and 7 Km Extended Danger Zone respectively.
Tabaco
City
Guinobatan
2. Do you think your family is relatively prepared for a disaster? Explain your answer.
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3. What are the advantages of knowing on how to interpret hazard maps?
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Reflection:
Most of Luzon were caught off guard when Taal Volcano suddenly erupted and spewed
thick ash plumes on January 12 of 2020 – despite the fact that the volcano had been on
alert since early 2018. As a disaster preparedness advocate, what do you thinks are the
importance of preparing yourself from said disaster?
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SCORING RUBRIC:
Points Description
3 Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
concepts, and has no misconception.
2 Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
concepts, but with minimal misconception.
1 Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
concepts, but with misconception.
0 No discussion
References:
Aurelio, Mario A., Dianala, John Dale B., Bagtasa, Gerry, Morante, Karizz Anne L.,
Villegas, Ma. Mylene M., Zarco, Mark Albert H., Fernandez, Marianne V., Bacolcol,
Teresito C. 2017. “Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction Teacher’s Guide.” 69 – 83.
Pasig City: Department of Education.