Sec 3 Chapter 3
Sec 3 Chapter 3
Sec 3 Chapter 3
?
r, Indices and Standard Form
t\att €{(rrt'
!!-^RE$SI0H
*^-
L:.-
iloTEs
F
3. Zero Indices
If a is a real number. rve define W 4/;
4. Negative Indices
I 5. Rational Indices
l_
If n is a positive integer, we define an = {a,tf a>O
,',fr1,1; ,:o':,W,
a.
WffiWWW
l. Simplify each of the followin-Q.
(a) ut + (t-t x Q' (b) 2bt x4b3
.r - r .
(c) c-t t (ci )o x c
_I
(d) ild' x ,l d' + d-
I
<o rJ
x( J-XT
(e) e''
^--
(0 T;
" f", ^l
VJ
| + Jf
2. Simplify each of the following, leaving your answer in positi ve index form.
'
/1
lJwl
,-) a
('lr \"fli']-li l
7. With the use of a calculator, evaluate each of the follorvin-e, giving your answer in standard form, correct to
3 significant figures.
(a) (8.59 x 10-7) x (0.392 x 105)
(b) (8.05 x 106) + (7 x l0-2)
(c) 3.2x 106+ 1.8 x l0o
(d) | .91 x l0'- 2.02 x 105
8. The disk space of a computer hard disk is 750 gigabytes. Express 750 gigabytes in bytes. givtng your answer
in standard form.
9. Express 0.5 MHz (megahertz) rnherrz. giving your answer in standard form.
12. The distance from Beijing to Seoul is p metres, where p - 9.6 x 105.
The distance from Seoul to Tokyo is q metres, where Q = 1.2 x l0'-.
) 13. It is given that the mass of one atom of oxygen is 2.66 x 10-23 grams'and the mass of one atom of carbon is
1.99 x 10-23 grams. Find, giving your answers in standard form,
(a) the difference in mass between one atom of carbon and one atom of oxygen,
(b) the mass of one molecule of carbon dioxide, if a molecule of carbon dioxide is made up of one atom of
carbon and trvo atoms of oxYgen.
.
14. Find the compound interest on $2500 for 2years at3Vo per annum, if the interest is compounded
(a) annually,
(b) monthly.
Cll.\1,'l't:ft ,1W
INTERIUIEIII&E
15. Simplify each of the following'
(b) -5atbt x gcttb'
(a) (-5atbt)'
-t"
(c) _ttt x (rtb: )1 (d) -(4ct3b\t ,
a;=
,
gD"
17 . Simplify each of the following, leaving your answer ln positive index form.
(-2r'y)t (2xtl,')t x JF
(a) T76ry (b)
1
)
20. Given that I u =2,10q = 3 and 10'= 1250, calculate the value of 103p*2u giving your answer in standard form.
"
21. With the use of a calculator, evaluate each of the follorving, giving your answer in standard form,
correct to I
3 significant figures.
0.26 x t0-o
(a) 10* - 3.12 x lo-s (b)
2.31x 23 x 10-2
106 )
7.5 x 10_6 (0
(e) + 4.lx 10a r--------- "
l.5x 10' V16 x l0--
w | 1 t,,\i, i L.ii .i
23. It is given thatp=4x l0'and Q=3 x l0s.Expresseach of thefollowing in standardform.
(a) pxZq
2
q
(b)
p
24. Light travels I metre in 3.3 nanoseconds. Horv many seconds does light take to travel to a planet that is
4.2 blllion kilometres away from the Sun? Express your answer in standard form.
25.
Singapore Korea World
Population 5.18 million 50 million 6.97 billion
(a) calculate the difference in the population of Korea and of Singapore, giving your answer in standard
t (b)
form,
express, in the form | : n.the ratio of the population of Singapore to the population of the rvorld.
26, The diameter of a spherical microorganism is 0.000 001 654 cm. Giving your answer in standard form, find
(i) the diameter, in cm, of the microorganism,
(ii) the volume, in cmr. of I million such microorganisms.
2T.Itisgiventhat3xlOs+2x10' +4x10'+5x10r-3024.05,whererand)areintegers.Writedorvnthe
value of x and of r,.
28. Mr Tan accumulated a credit card bill of $20 000 from a bank which charges a compound interest of
3.ZVo per annum, compounded monthly. Calculate the amount of money he would have to pay to the bank at
the end of4 years.
29. Mr Chua invests $6050 in a bank that pays a compound interestata rate of 4Vo per annum, compounded
) every 3 months. Find the amount he has in the bank at the end of 2 yars, giving your answer correct to the
nearest dollar.
30. A sum of $25 000 rvas loaned from a bank that charges an interest of r%o per year, compounded yearly. At the
end of 3 years, an amount of $28 121.60 r,vas paid to settle the loan. Find the value of r.
31. Rui Feng invested a sum of money in a bank at 6Vo per annum compounded every half-yearly. He received
an interest of $Ll 198.38 at the end of 3 years. Calculate the sum of money invested, giving your answer
correct to the nearest dollar.
, uir''r,,t,.Jffi
ADUANCED
32. Every 20 minutes, a parent cell divides into trvo daughter cells. Starting rvith only one parent cell, find the,
number of daughter cells at the end of t ''
(i) l hour.
(ii.l I day.
(iii) I r,veek. ,'
Give your answers in the form 2", where n is an integer.
8(9t')-27t'
33. Simplity - x
,-:+l 8l'-l
35. Find the integer n such that 9' + 9" + 9' = 243.
ruEfftf vwwg&w
36. Given that 16 x 64" = l, find the value of n.
,
/) 'l
38. Simpliry i/{\
\ y-' / 3*-'y-'
(b) /l2s\
l.'l
\,r /
40. (a) Expressing your answer as a polver of 11, find
(i) 1120 + lls,
I
(il)
u.
(iii) vTT.
(b) Given that 5-r x 5* = l, rvrite dorvn the value of ft.
W'iila-.
41. The radius of a cell, rvhich is circular in shape is 46 ptm (micrometres).
(i) Express 46 prm in metres, giving your answer in standard form.
(ii) Find the area of the cell in mt. givins your answer in standard form.
42. (a) The population of cheetahs in the rvild of Africa today is estimated to be l2 000.
Write 12 000 in srandard form.
(b) The average speed of a male cheetah is 9.7 x l0o metres per hour.
When hunting for a prey, it can increase its speed to 1 .1 4 x 101 metres per hour.
Calculate the percentage increase in the speed of the male cheetah.
(c) The average speed of a female cheetah is 29 m/s.
Calculate the average speed of a female cheetah in km/h, giving your answer in standard form.
(a) In the same year the population of Singapore was 5.011 x l0o.
Horv many more people lived in Thailand than in Singapore?
t
Give your answer in standard form.
(b) Between 1950 and 2010, the population of Thailand increasedby 238Vo.
Calculate the population of Thailand in 1950.
44. The table shows country X's 201 5 electricity consumption, in GWh (gigawatt hours).
(a) Convert the total amount of electricity consumed into KWh (kilowatt hours).
Give your answer in standard form.
(b) Country X had a population of 3.1 I I million.
Calculate the mean domestic electricity consumed per person.
Give your answers to the nearest kwh.
) (c) From 2000 to 2015, the amount of electricity consumption by ag.riculture decreased by 41 .6Vo .
45. The value, $V, of a flat / years since it rvas built is given by V = 20 000 x 1.1'.
(i) What was the value of the flat when it was first built?
(ii) Find the percentage increase in the value of the flat at the end of two years.
.i;;'':'- W
47. Ming invests $35 480 in an account'
The balance, $p, of the account after rr years is given by the formula P = 35 480 x I .0125".
(a) Calculate P when n = 5'
Give your answer correct to the nearest cent'
Find the percentage increase in the balance over the 5 years.
t!'
(b)
49. Arubber plantation has an area of 200 ha (hectares), where I ha is 1000 square metres.
50. (a) Alpha Canis Majoris, or Dog Star, which is the brightest star in the sky, is 8.48 light yean away from
the Earth.
Calculate the distance, in kilometers, of the Dog Star from the Earth, giving your answer in standard
form.
(b) Another star Alpha Centauri is 4.35 light years away from the Earth.
A spaceship travels at 50 000 km/h.
Calculate the time taken, in years, to 2 significant figures, for the spaceship to travel from the Earth to
Alpha Centauri.
(l light )e&r = 9.46 x 10rs metres)
(-l-!;\P l'frlt .r