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    Pulse Width Modulated Control of PVEA/M/H/S: T T Cycle Duty

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    eros
    Pulse width modulation (PWM) can be used to control a proportional valve via a duty cycle signal. The duty cycle signal must be filtered to a smooth DC voltage for valve control. A 50% duty cycle will provide a neutral output if the high and low voltages are symmetrical around the battery voltage midpoint. Additional circuitry like pull-up or pull-down resistors may be needed if the controller can only output to one polarity. External low-pass filters are recommended for PWM frequencies between 200Hz-1kHz to smooth the signal for valves. Proper duty cycle calibration compensates for voltage drops in the external filter.

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    Pulse Width Modulated Control of PVEA/M/H/S: T T Cycle Duty

    Uploaded by

    eros
    21 views5 pages
    Pulse width modulation (PWM) can be used to control a proportional valve via a duty cycle signal. The duty cycle signal must be filtered to a smooth DC voltage for valve control. A 50% duty cycle will provide a neutral output if the high and low voltages are symmetrical around the battery voltage midpoint. Additional circuitry like pull-up or pull-down resistors may be needed if the controller can only output to one polarity. External low-pass filters are recommended for PWM frequencies between 200Hz-1kHz to smooth the signal for valves. Proper duty cycle calibration compensates for voltage drops in the external filter.

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    PWM_control_of_PVE[1]

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    Pulse width modulation (PWM) can be used to control a proportional valve via a duty cycle signal. The duty cycle signal must be filtered to a smooth DC voltage for valve control. A 50% duty cycle will provide a neutral output if the high and low voltages are symmetrical around the battery voltage midpoint. Additional circuitry like pull-up or pull-down resistors may be needed if the controller can only output to one polarity. External low-pass filters are recommended for PWM frequencies between 200Hz-1kHz to smooth the signal for valves. Proper duty cycle calibration compensates for voltage drops in the external filter.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views5 pages

    Pulse Width Modulated Control of PVEA/M/H/S: T T Cycle Duty

    Uploaded by

    eros
    Pulse width modulation (PWM) can be used to control a proportional valve via a duty cycle signal. The duty cycle signal must be filtered to a smooth DC voltage for valve control. A 50% duty cycle will provide a neutral output if the high and low voltages are symmetrical around the battery voltage midpoint. Additional circuitry like pull-up or pull-down resistors may be needed if the controller can only output to one polarity. External low-pass filters are recommended for PWM frequencies between 200Hz-1kHz to smooth the signal for valves. Proper duty cycle calibration compensates for voltage drops in the external filter.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    Pulse Width Modulated control of PVEA/M/H/S

    It is possible to control a PVE with a PWM signal, where the duty cycle of a square wave is
    controlling the spool position. The square wave must be filtered to a DC voltage by means of
    either an internal or an external low pass filter.
    The definition of duty cycle is

    t1
    Duty _ cycle = × 100% (1)
    T

    where t1 is the pulse-time and T is the period-time which is the reciprocal of the frequency f:

    1
    T= (2)
    f

    To enable a 50% duty cycle to yield neutral voltage, the voltages V1 and V2 must be located
    symmetrically around Vbat/2. This means:

    V 1 + V 2 Vbat
    = (3)
    2 2

    U Vbat
    V1

    Vbat/2

    V2 time

    t1

    PWM control of PVE


    Lars Althof, 2003-06-02 Page 1 of 5
    In case the signal is not symmetric about Vbat/2 it results in the 50% duty cycle not giving
    neutral voltage. In this connection it is important to make the PLC adjust for the difference
    between Vbat and the nominal voltage of the PLC. This can also carried out in the following
    way provided that the PLC offers this possibility:

    Controller / PLC PWM signal

    PVE

    Vbat supplied by PVE

    Only 1 transistor in the controller / PLC output


    If the Controller/PLC has only one transistor in its output and is therefore only able to pass
    the voltage to either plus or minus, it is necessary to incorporate a ”pull down” or a ”pull up”
    resistance. The next figure illustrates a PLC that is only able to pass the voltage to plus. The
    output transistor is equivalent to a switch connected in series with a resistance Rt. Rd is the
    pull down resistance. R1 is the internal resistance in PVE and have a value of 24kW.

    Controller/PLC PVE
    Vbat

    Rt R1

    Vi
    Low
    pass
    filter
    Rd
    R1

    Minus

    V1 is calculated when the switch is closed, and V2 is calculated when the switch is open:

    PWM control of PVE


    Lars Althof, 2003-06-02 Page 2 of 5
    Rd × R1
    Rd + R1 Rd × ( R1 + Rt )
    V 1 = Vbat × = Vbat ×
    Rt × R1 Rd × R1 Rt × ( R1 + Rd ) + Rd × ( R1 + Rt )
    +
    Rt + R1 Rd + R1

    As Rt<<R1 one arrives at:

    Rd × R1
    V 1 = Vbat × (4)
    Rt × ( R1 + Rd ) + Rd × R1

    Rd × R1
    Rd
    V 2 = Vbat × Rd + R1 = Vbat × (5)
    Rd × R1 R1 + 2 × Rd
    R1 +
    Rd + R1

    If Rt is know, the optimum value of Rd can be calculated by inserting equations (4) and (5)
    into equation (3) and solve it with respect to Rd:

    Rd = Rt + Rt × R1 ( 6)

    where R1 = 24kW.

    Example: Rt = 10W Þ Rd = 500W

    PWM control of PVE


    Lars Althof, 2003-06-02 Page 3 of 5
    The next figure illustrates a PLC that is only able to pass the voltage to minus. The output
    transistor is again equivalent to a switch connected in series with a resistance Rt. Ru is the
    pull up resistance. R1 is the internal resistance in PVE and have a value of 24kW.

    Controller/PLC PVE
    Vbat

    Ru
    R1

    Vi
    Low
    pass
    filter
    Rt
    R1

    Minus

    The optimum value of Ru can be calculated the same way as before and gives

    Ru = Rt + Rt × R1 (7 )

    where R1 = 24kW.

    Example: Rt = 10W Þ Ru = 500W

    Choice of PWM frequency:

    PVEA, PVEH, and PVES have an internal low pass filter with a cut off frequency of 10Hz.
    PVEM has an internal low pass filter with a cut off frequency of 0.6Hz

    Frequency PVEA/H/S PVEM


    f < 200 Hz Not recommended Not recommended
    200Hz – 1kHz External filter No external filter
    f > 1kHz No external filter No external filter

    · If f > 1kHz PVEA/H/S can be controlled without external filter.


    · If the frequency lies within the range 200Hz – 1kHz it is recommended to incorporate an
    external low pass filter (see figure) in the case of PVEA, PVEH, or PVES.
    · Frequencies below 200Hz cannot be recommended.

    PWM control of PVE


    Lars Althof, 2003-06-02 Page 4 of 5
    PLC PVE
    Vbat

    Rt R1

    Rf Vi
    Low
    pass
    filter
    Rd Cf
    R1

    Minus

    Recommended values:

    Cf = 1mF

    Rf = 7,5kW - 10kW

    When equation (3) is complied with, a 50% duty cycle will always give neutral voltage, both
    with and without external filter.
    Without an external filter a 75% duty cycle will give full spool travel to the B-port.
    When installing the external filter, the duty cycle gradient must be changed to compensate
    the loss of voltage across Rf.
    With Rf = 7,5 kW the duty cycle must be 90% to give full spool travel to the B-port.
    With Rf = 10 kW the duty cycle must be 97% to give full spool travel to the B-port.

    SD
    2003-06-02

    PWM control of PVE


    Lars Althof, 2003-06-02 Page 5 of 5

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