By Fact Checked by Reviewed By: Usufruct

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USUFRUCT

By 
WILL KENTON
Fact checked by 
AMANDA JACKSON
Reviewed by 
GORDON SCOTT
 

on April 02, 2021

What Is a Usufruct?

A usufruct is a legal right accorded to a person or party that confers the temporary right to use
and derive income or benefit from someone else's property. It is a limited real right that can be
found in many mixed and civil law jurisdictions. A usufructuary is the person holding the property
by usufruct.

A usufruct combines the two property rights of usus and fructus. Usus refers to the right to use
something directly without damaging or altering it, and fructus refers to the right to enjoy the
fruits of the property being used—that is, to profit from the real property by leasing it, selling
crops produced by it, charging admission to it, or similar.

Usufruct is usually conferred for a limited time period. It can be granted to the usufructuary, or
person holding usufruct, as a way to look after property until the death of a property owner and
the estate can be settled if the property owner is in ill health. While the usufructuary has the
right to use the property, they cannot damage or destroy it or dispose of the property. A
usufructuary does not have full ownership of the property, because they do not enjoy the third
property right, abusus, which refers to the right to consume, destroy, or transfer ownership of
the property to someone else.

How a Usufruct Works

In usufruct, a person or group has the right to use the property of another. They do not own it
but have a contractually sanctioned interest in it. There are two types of usufruct: perfect and
imperfect. In perfect usufruct, the usufructuary can use the property, and can profit from it, but
cannot change it in a substantial way. For example, if the owner of a business becomes
incapacitated and gives usufruct to a relative to run the business for him or her, the usufructuary
can run the business, but can’t sell it or tear down the building and rebuild it. In an imperfect
usufruct system, the usufructuary does have some power to alter the property, such as when a
landowner grants usufruct to a piece of land for agricultural use. The usufructuary may have the
right to produce crops from the land and to make improvements to the land that would aid in that
endeavor. However, the usufructuary does not own these improvements; when the usufruct
ends, they belong to the original owner or to his or her estate.

Usufruct is only recognized in a few jurisdictions in North America, such as Louisiana. As an


example, if a party has a usufruct in a real estate property, they have the full right to use it or
rent it out and collect the rental income without sharing it with the actual owner, as long as the
usufruct is in effect.

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