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    Experiment No 5-1

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    Jon Potter
    This experiment studied the pressure-flow characteristics of compressible fluid (air) flowing through a converging-diverging duct. The objectives were to observe the choked condition where flow rate is maximum, and to plot mass flow rate against pressure ratios. The apparatus used were a compressible flow bench with a converging-diverging duct, inclined manometer, and U-tube mercury manometer. The experiment involved measuring pressure drops using the manometers as air was sucked through the duct by a blower at different flow rates, recording 20 observations total.

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    Experiment No 5-1

    Uploaded by

    Jon Potter
    38 views3 pages
    This experiment studied the pressure-flow characteristics of compressible fluid (air) flowing through a converging-diverging duct. The objectives were to observe the choked condition where flow rate is maximum, and to plot mass flow rate against pressure ratios. The apparatus used were a compressible flow bench with a converging-diverging duct, inclined manometer, and U-tube mercury manometer. The experiment involved measuring pressure drops using the manometers as air was sucked through the duct by a blower at different flow rates, recording 20 observations total.

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    Original Title

    Experiment no 5-1

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    This experiment studied the pressure-flow characteristics of compressible fluid (air) flowing through a converging-diverging duct. The objectives were to observe the choked condition where flow rate is maximum, and to plot mass flow rate against pressure ratios. The apparatus used were a compressible flow bench with a converging-diverging duct, inclined manometer, and U-tube mercury manometer. The experiment involved measuring pressure drops using the manometers as air was sucked through the duct by a blower at different flow rates, recording 20 observations total.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    38 views3 pages

    Experiment No 5-1

    Uploaded by

    Jon Potter
    This experiment studied the pressure-flow characteristics of compressible fluid (air) flowing through a converging-diverging duct. The objectives were to observe the choked condition where flow rate is maximum, and to plot mass flow rate against pressure ratios. The apparatus used were a compressible flow bench with a converging-diverging duct, inclined manometer, and U-tube mercury manometer. The experiment involved measuring pressure drops using the manometers as air was sucked through the duct by a blower at different flow rates, recording 20 observations total.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Experiment no: 5

    NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Study of Pressure-Flow Characteristics of Compressible Fluid Flow

    Through a Converging-Diverging Duct.

    INTRODUCTION:

    The flow of compressible fluids (e.g., gases and vapors) through pipelines and other restrictions
    is often affected by changing conditions of pressure, temperature, and physical properties. The densities
    of gases and vapors vary with temperature and pressure (PV = constant). Conversely, in adiabatic flow,
    that is no heat loss, a decrease in temperature occurs when pressure decreases, resulting in a density
    increase. At high pressures and temperatures, the compressibility factor can be less than unity, which
    results in an increase in the fluid density.The condition of high pressure drop (ΔP) in compressible flow
    frequently occurs in venting systems, vacuum distillation equipment, and long pipelines. Such cases are
    vapor expanding through a valve, high speed vapor flows in narrow pipes, and vapors flowing in process
    lines under vacuum conditions. ΔP, in many cases, is critical and requires accurate analysis and design.
    This limit is to prevent the rapid opening and closing of the valve, resulting in lowered fluid capacity and
    subsequent damage of the valve seating surfaces.

    OBJECTIVES:

    P2
    a) To observe the choked condition that is, plot m Vs ,
    P0
    P0
    b) To plot m against , ratio of total head pressure and exit pressure in absolute,
    P3
    P2 P0
    c) To plot against
    P0 P3
    APPARATUS REQUIRED:
    a) Compressible flow bench,

    b) Convergent-Divergent Duct,

    c) Inclined Manometer’

    d) U-tube Mercury Manometer.

    THEORY:

    For a subsonic isentropic flow, when the fluid enters the converging-diverging duct from
    stagnation the pressure of the fluid decreases along the converging duct according to the equation,

    dA dP 2
    = (1−Ma )
    A ρV 2
    dA
    And the velocity increases as < 0. The pressure continues to decrease until at throat the fluid
    dV
    velocity reaches sonic speed and the flow rate becomes maximum. Now, in a hypothetical condition, if
    the pressure at the throat falls below the critical value then the fluid will reach supersonic velocity at the
    throat and somewhere at the converging duct velocity will reach sonic speed which is impossible and
    known as choked condition. So, the duct will be choked when the value of pressure will be lower than
    the value of at the maximum flow rate in the diverging section.

    Therefore, the flow rate will be maximum at, r =¿

    WORKING PROCEDURE:

    1) The converging-diverging duct had been attached to the blower and the blower had been
    connected to motor,

    2) The motor was supplied with electricity so it started to rotate and thus the blower started
    working,

    3) As the blower started working, air was being sucked into the converging-diverging duct,

    4) Then the manometer was connected to measure P0−P1 ; P0−P2 ; P0−P3 respectively

    5) The manometer readings were recorded for certain flow rate

    The process had been repeated for 20 times

    EXPERIMENTAL DATA:

    No. of Throat Ambient Condition Manometer Readings Mass flow


    observation area

    Pressure Temperature P0−P 2 P0−P3

    6
    7

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

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