Probability of Union of Two Events: Presented By: Belery C. Flaviano

Probability of
Union of Two Events
Presented by:
Belery C. Flaviano
Recall
The probability of an event is the ratio of

the number of favorable outcomes to the
number of possible outcomes.
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

𝑷 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 =
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
Example of probability of simple events
A card is drawn at random from a standard

deck of 52 playing card. Find the probability
of each outcome:
1. A red card
2. A queen
3. A Spade
Standard deck of playing cards:
Sample space: 52 cards
Aces number cards face cards

4 36 12
of:
1. A red card

𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟑 ♡ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟑♦
𝑷 𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒅 =
𝟓𝟐 𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒌 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔
𝟏
𝑷 𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒅 =
𝟐
Always express
the final answer in
lowest term
of:
2. A queen

𝟒 𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 ♡ , ♦, ♠,
𝑷 𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 =
𝟏
𝑷 𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 =
𝟏𝟑
Always express
the final answer in
lowest term
of:
3. A spade

𝟏𝟑 𝑲, 𝑸, 𝑨, 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎 𝒐𝒇 ♠,
𝑷 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒅𝒆 =
𝟏
𝑷 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒅𝒆 =
𝟒
Always express
the final answer in
lowest term
ADDITION RULE
For any two events E and F,
P(EF) = P(E) + P(F) - P(EF)
Let's look at a Venn Diagram to see why this is true:
If we count E
EE FF and then count F,
we've counted the

things in both twice
so we subtract off the
Intersection.
Mutually Exclusive Events
Events do not occur simultaneously

If Set A is the set of all
spades and set B is the
set of all diamonds
then, A  B does not
contain any sample
points
ADDITION RULE for Mutually Exclusive
Events
If E and F are mutually exclusive events,
P(EF) = P(E) + P(F)
Mutually exclusive means the events are disjoint.
This means E  F = 
You can see that

E F since there are no
outcomes in
common, we won’t
be counting
anything twice.
of drawing a black card or a queen.
Solution:
26 4 2
P(black) = P(queen) = P(black and queen) =
52 52 52
𝑃(𝐵𝑄) = 𝑃(𝐵) + 𝑃(𝑄) − 𝑃(𝐵𝑄)

26 4 2
= + −
52 52 52
30 2 28
= − = The event is
52 52 52 NOT
7 mutually
𝑃 𝐵𝑄 = exclusive
13
of drawing a king or a number card.
Solution:
4 36
P(king) = P(number card) =
52 52
𝑃(𝐾𝑁) = 𝑃(𝐾) + 𝑃(𝑁)

4 36
= +
52 52
40
=
52 The event is
10 mutually exclusive
𝑃(𝐾𝑁) =
13
of drawing a queen or a spade.
Solution:
4 13 1
P(queen) = P(spade) = P(queen and spade) =
52 52 52
𝑃(𝑄𝑆) = 𝑃(𝑄) + 𝑃(𝑆) − 𝑃(𝑄𝑆)

4 13 1
= + −
52 52 52
17 1 16
= − = 52 The event is
52 52
NOT
4 mutually
𝑃 𝑄𝑆 =
13 exclusive
A spinner is subdivided into 8 equal parts with numbers
1-8 written on it. The spinner may stop on any of the
eight numbered sectors of the circle. (Assume that the
spinner will not stop on the line between two sectors.)
Find the probability of spinning a number less than six
or a composite number.
Solution: Less than 6 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Composite = 4, 6, 8
5 3 1
P(Less than 6) = P(Composite) = P(L and C) =
8 8 8
𝑃(𝐿𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐿) + 𝑃(𝐶) − 𝑃(𝐿𝐶)
5 3 1
= + −
8 8 8
8 1
= −
8 8 The event is
7 NOT
𝑃 𝐿𝐶 = mutually exclusive
8
A pouch contains 12 candies of the same shape and
size. Five of the candies are strawberry flavor, four
are tamarind flavor and three are chocolate. If one
candy is picked at random, what is the probability
that it is a strawberry or a chocolate?
Solution:
5 3
P(strawberry) = P(chocolate) =
12 12
𝑃(𝑆𝐶) = 𝑃(𝑆) + 𝑃(𝐶)
5 3
= +
12 12
8
=
12 The event is
𝑃(𝑆𝐶) =
3
A cube with the letters W, E, R, T, Y, U was
rolled. What is the probability of getting a
consonant or a letter in the word WATER?
Solution: Consonant = 𝑊, 𝑅, 𝑇, 𝑌 Letters of WATER = 𝑊, 𝑇, 𝐸, 𝑅
4 P(Letter of 4 3
P(Consonant) = WATER) = P(C and L) =
6 6 6
𝑃(𝐶𝐿) = 𝑃(𝐶) + 𝑃(𝐿) − 𝑃(𝐶𝐿)
4 4 3
= + −
6 6 6
8 3
= − The event is
6 6 NOT
𝑃 𝐶𝐿 =
6
REMEMBER!
ADDITION RULE
For any two events E and F,

P(EF) = P(E) + P(F) - P(EF)
If E and F are mutually exclusive events,

P(EF) = P(E) + P(F)
Q3W6 Assignment
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSet23H
qqmQRSuiBJx-GZHNKcxtpcpI-Flg-
TurFWwLDUJ0ipA/viewform
Any
Questions?

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Probability of

Union of Two Events

The probability of an event is the ratio of

𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

A card is drawn at random from a standard

Aces number cards face cards

𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

Let's look at a Venn Diagram to see why this is true:

EE FF and then count F,

we've counted the

Mutually exclusive means the events are disjoint.

You can see that

𝑃(𝐵𝑄) = 𝑃(𝐵) + 𝑃(𝑄) − 𝑃(𝐵𝑄)

𝑃(𝐾𝑁) = 𝑃(𝐾) + 𝑃(𝑁)

𝑃(𝑄𝑆) = 𝑃(𝑄) + 𝑃(𝑆) − 𝑃(𝑄𝑆)

For any two events E and F,

If E and F are mutually exclusive events,

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