On LGBTI+ and Gender Diversity.: Workshop With Children
On LGBTI+ and Gender Diversity.: Workshop With Children
On LGBTI+ and Gender Diversity.: Workshop With Children
Research Team:
Marisela Montenegro,
Joan Pujol,
Beatriz San Román
Authors
Marisela Montenegro, Joan Pujol, Beatriz San Román
October, 2020
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Contents
1. Introduction 3
2. Guidelines for Facilitators 6
3. Before the workshop 7
4. During the workshop 8
5. Activities 9
Activity 1: Presentation 9
Activity 2: Breaking the ice 10
Activity 3: Creating a “safe space” 11
Activity 4: I have a crush… 12
Activity 5: Gender expression (45 min) 15
Activity 6: Group work dynamics 17
Activity 7: Keywords dynamics 19
Activity 8: Closing the Workshop and evaluation 20
7. Annexes 21
Annex 1: Proposal of informed consent for parents/guardians 21
Annex 2: Proposal of informed consent for children 22
Annex 3: Proposal of assessment questionnaire 23
Annex 4: Proposal of observation guidelines 25
Annex 5: Proposal pictures for Activity 2 30
1. Introduction
The traditional division of children into boys and girls –as the idea that heterosexual relationships are the
“normal” ones– is still deeply ingrained into our society. The majority of children and young people self-
identify into these two groups, which can lead to the marginalization of those who do not or are perceived
not to. In fact, while schools should be a safe space for all, research repeatedly shows that LGBTI+ children
and young people still face bullying at school because of who they are or how they are. On the other hand, it
is crucial for all children and young people to learn and reflect on the full diversity of the world they live in.
The main message is in line with human rights perspective: no one should be treated differently because of
who they are or are perceived to be.
Education helps children and adults alike to avoid confusing gender identity with sexuality. The LGBTI+ label
groups together people with non-straight sexual identities (lesbian, gay and bisexual), people who do not
conform to their assigned gender and intersex people. The “+” is used to include other sexual and gender
identities and expressions that go beyond the categories L, G, B, T and I.
Workshop objectives
This workshop has been developed with the aim of sensitizing and making children reflect on the diversity of
gender identity, gender expression, sexual characteristics, and sexual orientation, promoting an atmosphere
of acceptance and respect within any spaces where children and young people socialize. Although the goal is
to challenge prejudices, it has been designed to ensure no one is made an example of or otherwise made to
feel uncomfortable.
The workshop also aims to evaluate children’s perceptions, discourses, social representations, and practices
towards LGTBI and gender non-conforming people. During the workshop, the observer should keep notes
(see Observation Guidelines in the Annex IV).
Methods
This workshop is inspired by Theatre of the Oppressed, which was developed by Nobel Peace Prize nominee,
Augusto Boal (1931-2009), throughout his career, starting in the ’50s in Brazil and later in Argentina, Peru,
Ecuador and France while in exile from the military dictatorship. Theatre of the Oppressed provides tools for
people to explore collective struggles, analyse their history and present circumstances, and then experiment
with inventing a new future together through theatre. In this sense, it is a powerful tool for social change. By
allowing them to become participants in the theatre, instead of inactive spectators, the audience determines
the outcome of the action, instead of the play being a static event that the audience merely watches and
absorbs. All over the world, it is used for social and political activism, conflict resolution, and community
building.
The core part of the workshop are dramatizations of short scenarios. These dramatizations (and the following
discussions) allow to explore the participants’ perceptions and attitudes, as well as to enable reflection on
how injustice affects people and what can be done to fight it. It uses two of the most effective forms of active
learning: role play exercises and open forum discussions, so that it encourages children and young people to
really understand the experiences and opinions of their peers and to come up with positive solutions to areas
of conflict.
Workshop organization
Although it is possible to do it in larger groups, we suggest 15 participants at a time. Larger groups may not
only be more difficult to handle but would probably require additional time to ensure that everyone can
participate and feel listened to.
When possible, especially with young children, it may be wise to divide the workshop into 2 different
sessions, since it could be difficult to get them engaged and focused during such a long period of time, even
if there is a break in the middle. We also recommend doing the same with large groups. This option for the
workshop would take up a total of 5 hours (2 sessions, 2 h 30 min each).
If you are working with a large group or if the facilitator is not experienced in working with children, we
recommend having 2 facilitators (or one facilitator with one assistant/observer). Sharing the task between
two people allows to easily notice any sign (e.g. body language) of distress among participants, so that they
can be carefully addressed (e.g. detecting someone is hesitant to talk and making space for everyone to
participate).
Ages
The workshop was initially designed to work with youths 12-18 y.o., but it can be easily adapted for younger
children, following the same scheme and leading the discussion in an age-appropriate manner. However, we
recommend that participants in your workshop are in the same age group (e.g. 6-7; 8-9; 10-12; 13-15; 16-
18).
In the following pages, you will find some guidelines for the development of the workshop. They should be
considered as a structuring aid and NOT as a strict rule. You may need to adapt some issues so that they work
in your own context.
Ethical issues
- You will probably need to get a written consent from the parents or guardians for their
children to attend the workshop (a template for an introductory letter is provided in Annex
I). If the workshop is being used to get data on children’s perceptions, discourses, social
representations and practices towards LGTBI and gender non-conforming people, we
consider it highly relevant to count with children’s consent in any kind of way, either orally
or with a signed consent even if there is not a Iegal obligation to do so (see a proposal model
in Annex II).
- Consider and respect children’s feelings, experiences and opinions.
- Pay attention to children’s behaviour to identify possible issues.
- Recognize children’s rights and values.
- Be inclusive.
- Identify potential risks of harm. If you suspect that a child might be at risk of harm, the
activity must be stopped until that child's safety is secured.
2. Guidelines for Facilitators
Workshop’s structure
15 min. 1. Presentation Inform participants about the workshop, Informed Consent for each
participant (if applied, orally)
any time.
20 min. Breaking the ice Break the ice between participants. Portrait pictures (Annex 5)
30 min. Generating a Develop the group norms and space rules. Flipchart or chalkboard
“safe space”
35 min. I have a crush... Explore ideas and attitudes and reflect on Written scripts
same-sex sexual orientation.
Flipchart or chalkboard
55 min. Group work dynamics Debate over different aspects of non- Prepared questions
normative behaviour.
15 min. Closing the Conclude relevant issues of the Workshop. Flipchart or chalkboard
of questionnaire)
- The best way to recruit participants depends on each context. Approaching schools or other
places where informal training or leisure activities take place can be a good idea.
- Ensue the compliance of consent forms by parents, consent to use image and/or recording
(in case you intend to take pictures or videotape and use these images afterwards), and any
other legal issue that is required in your context.
- Make sure the space is suitable. It should be a quiet place with good lighting. You’ll need
enough space to allow forming a circle with participants.
- Try to schedule the workshop at a time when people are most energetic and fresh, say early
mornings. A workshop which begins just after lunch is probably not a good idea.
- Although it is probably not the best idea, it might be the case that you’ll have teachers or
other adults in the room. In this case, try to have a conversation beforehand, so that you
negotiate how they are going to participate (or not). Make sure they understand the
workshop is not about evaluating the participants' knowledge (not their teachers) and they
should not interrupt or correct what the participants say.
Activity 1: Presentation
Rationale: Introducing the workshop and the facilitators and engaging the participants into the
workshop activities.
Duration: 15 min
- Begin the workshop by briefly introducing the workshop, yourself and the observer. Telling a
bit about your own background and how you became involved with LGTBI+ issues may be a
good idea to start building a trust relationship.
- Clearly explain that, although their participation is highly appreciated, it is not mandatory.
Anyone can leave the room at any time. Also, state clearly that you may use what is said in
the workshop for the research purposes, but you will never tell anyone outside the workshop
(and this includes their teachers and parents) who said anything (confidentiality).
- Present the informed consent document, give a copy to each participant, and allow them to
read it. Ask if they have any questions. Despite in most contexts the informed consents by
children are not mandatory, it is a good idea to use them as a means of building trust and
acknowledge their rights and agency.
Activity 2: Breaking the ice
Rationale: Getting to know a little more about the others, acknowledging and welcoming the
diversity within the group and making everyone relaxed and comfortable.
Duration: 20 min
Blank cards
Markers or pencils
- Give each participant one blank card. Show numbered pictures and then place them on the
floor. Ask participants to choose which of the pictures they most identify with, and to write
on their card the correspondent number.
- Ask them to explain their selection (not in an order, everyone speaks when they are ready).
Activity 3: Creating a “safe space”
Rationale: Setting a few premises that allow participants to feel engaged in the workshop and
building a non-judgmental, welcoming learning environment where questioning and
change are possible.
Duration: 30 min
- Start by explaining what a “safe space” is, as a space free of judgment where everyone can
bring their identity, express thoughts and feelings, and which is continuously created by the
participants.
- Ask every participant to say and complete the sentence: “For a safe space, I need…”
- While they respond (not in an order, everyone speaks when they are ready ), write their
words on a board. You might ask to explain the meaning of what they have expressed so that
the whole group has a clear understanding of everyone’s perspective.
- Bring the group’s attention to the whole set of answers, make a synthesis and ask for the
agreement of the group.
- It may be a good idea to keep these answers (having the poster on the wall if you use a
flipchart or not erasing the words on the chalkboard throughout the workshop) as a common
framework for the group and go back to them if needed for evaluating how the group is
functioning. Asking the participants to sign it will make clear not only that they have
understood it but also their commitment to generate the safe space.
Activity 4: I have a crush…
Duration: 35 min
Flipchart or chalkboard.
The scenario script printed on a paper (once more, feel free to adapt if needed)
- Explain participants that, in the following activities, some volunteers will be needed to start
the action. Explain also that all participants are going to have the opportunity to participate
and take part in the exercise.
- Ask for two volunteers for the performance of the first scenario.
- Give each of them a piece of paper with the script (the one playing the part of A should be a
boy –or a girl acting as a boy– in the first acting).
Script
A is meeting his friend B. They have known each other since they were little kids, and are used
to sharing with each other their thoughts, joys and worries. B has had several dates and is
now in a relationship with a classmate, while A has never had one. Since some weeks ago, A is
having strong feelings for somebody, but he is unsure about telling B. They have never discussed
same-sex relationships, and A fears about B’s reaction.
A: And so what?
- Explain to the volunteers that the script is only a first guide, and encourage them to improvise.
- After the first performance, tell the group that the scenario is going to be performed again
but this time anyone can stop the play at any moment by saying “Stop!” if they see an injustice,
and they have a way to stop this injustice. The one that says “Stop!” can either take the place
of any of the actors or ask a specific actor to change his/her lines and say or do something
different this time. Alternatively, you can ask at the end of the acting “which other reaction
could be possible in this interaction?”
- Ask for two more participants to act the same scenario but this time “A” should be a girl.
- Encourage participants to share their thoughts on “what could have been done differently”.
- Start the discussion on emotions by asking those that have acted the scenario how they have
felt, but also ask those who were the “audience”. Use the flipchart/chalkboard to write down
keywords of what everyone says and highlight ideas that emerge from the discussion (such as
empathy, rights, hurt, stereotypes, etc.)
- The following questions can help you in the group discussion:
○ Do you think this scene or something similar could have happened in your
environment? Why?
○ Do you think that if some of your classmates had a relationship with a same-sex
person, they would hide it? Why?
○ How would your other classmates react if they learnt something like that?
○ Is it different for boys and for girls? Why?
○ Do you think this is changing nowadays? In which ways?
○ Should it change? In which ways?
Break
- Before the break, ask for a volunteer to be the main character of the next scene (you can
joke by saying “who wants to be a star in the next show?”).
- During the break, this person is to be dressed up with accessories that do not correspond to
his/her sex/perceived gender. (This process has to be done with care, so that it feels like a
game or something fun).
Activity 5: Gender expression (45 min)
Rationale: Reflecting on gender expression and questioning gender norms. Sensitize about
bullying, diversity and respect.
Duration: 45 min
Material: Some clothes and accessories that are usually read as clearly feminine or masculine,
such as a skirt, a pink or flower pattern jacket/foulard; a baseball jacket/cap, etc
Flipchart or chalkboard.
The scenario script printed on a paper (once more, feel free to adapt if needed)
- Along with the main character, three more volunteers are needed for this scene.
- Arrange the setting by using at least 4 desks or chairs and setting them as a classroom (three
of them one next to the other, and the fourth one at some distance).
- Give the volunteers the script:
Script
A does not feel comfortable with her/himself dressing and acting as everyone expects her/him
to. In fact, A dislikes the things he/she is supposed to like (sports, “boyish” stuff/ the YouTubers
other girls like, etc). He/she struggles every morning when getting dressed. A fears that the way
he/she likes to dress would be a cause of bullying at school. But today, A is in a very good mood,
and has decided to wear what he/she really feels like. The other characters (B, C and D) haven’t
noted anything until today. When they see A, they are very surprised. The three of them are
sitting at their desks when A shows up and sits at a desk nearby. A is moving and dressed in a
fashion that is usually identified as for the opposite sex.
A (stands up and moves to a farer desk while whispering): Shut up, stupid!
- Proceed as in Activity 4:
After the first performance, tell the group that the scenario is going to be performed again
but this time anyone can stop the play at any moment by saying “Stop!” if they see an injustice,
and they have a way to stop this injustice. The one that says “Stop!” can either take the place
of any of the actors or ask a specific actor to change his lines and say or do something different
this time. Alternatively, you can ask at the end of the acting “which other reaction could be
possible in this interaction?”
- Ask the group whether they have witnessed a similar situation, and which were the reactions
on that occasion.
- Some further questions that could help to dynamize the following discussion might be:
○ How do people think that a girl or a boy should dress or act?
○ What do you think about these norms? How do you think they are reproduced?
○ What should we do with these norms?
○ Why do you think we believe this is “normal”?
○ How do you feel when you see people who are different? Why do you think that is?
○ How do you think it feels not to be “inside the norm”?
Activity 6: Group work dynamics
Rationale: Deeper reflecting on gender issues, questioning the binary heteronormative frame.
Duration: 45 min
Flipchart or chalkboard
- Invite the participants to form groups of 3-4 people. Provide a different set of questions in
cards or post-its and invite them to choose one question at a time and to speak about their
thoughts and feelings. Go through the different groups to see if anybody needs clarification
of the questions or dynamics of the exercise.
Questions (depending on the context and/or the age of participants, you might need to adapt
or delete the questions on ‘sex’):
● Gender Identity:
− What do you think is the ideal woman or man?
− Do you think boys and girls are different? Why?
− What makes someone ‘female’ or ‘male’?
− Have you ever seen people who are not totally ‘female’ or ‘male’?
− Can people feel both female and male, or neither?
● Gender Expression:
− What are the common forms of expressing femininity/masculinity?
− Are there expressions of femininity or masculinity that make people
uncomfortable?
− Have you ever felt uncomfortable with any forms of femininity or masculinity
you have seen?
− What happened in these situations? Is there anything that should be
changed?
- Ask each group to share with the rest of participants the main points of their discussion. Use
the flipchart or chalkboard to write down the main ideas of each of them. After each group
finishes their explanations, ask if anyone else wants to comment on what they have said.
- Finally, summarize the main points of the discussion, providing factual information that apply
(e.g. if in your country same-sex marriage is legally allowed, let them know since when).
- Be prepared to counteract prejudices by sharing research results at the end of the activity (f.i.,
it is true that, in some contexts, gay and trans people present higher indexes of mental health
issues, but research shows that it is due to what is called “minority stress”, that is high levels
of stress faced by members of stigmatized minority groups).
Activity 7: Keywords dynamics
Rationale: Recapping and recalling the essential points of the workshop.
Duration: 15 min
- Ask each participant to write down a word that summarizes what they have learnt
in the workshop.
- When everyone is ready, ask them to share what they wrote and write it down on the flipchart
or chalkboard.
- Make questions if needed to clarify.
Activity 8: Closing the Workshop and evaluation
Rationale: Evaluating the workshop itself but also allowing participants to self-evaluate what they
have learnt from it.
Duration: 15 min
- Together with the whole group, make a summary of the issues addressed in the workshop,
writing down the main ideas on the flipchart of chalkboard.
- Ask the participants to fill in the questionnaire (see proposal in A nnex III)
- Do not forget to thank them for their participation.
7. Annexes
Annex 1: Proposal of informed consent for parents/guardians
In many countries, schools are required to obtain consent from parents for pupils to
participate in any activity outside the academic curriculum, even if they take place during
school hours.
Most schools and other young people’s establishments have a standard form to collect
permission from parents/guardians so that their children may participate in activities outside
the school curriculum. They may include information about insurance coverage and other
issues (such as what to do in the event of a medical emergency) according to the institution
policy and legal frame. If you organise the workshop with a school or other organisation, we
recommend to adapt their consent forms for the workshop.
Dear parent(s)/guardian,
On <insert date>, there will be a workshop on Gender & Diversity conducted in <insert
name of the school or facility>, addressed to children <insert age range>. It was
developed as part of the project “DIVERSITY AND CHILDHOOD: Changing social
attitudes towards gender diversity in children across Europe” funded by the European
Union.
The aims of the activity are both sensitizing and evaluating children’s perceptions,
discourses, social representations and practices towards LGTBI and gender non-
conforming people across Europe.
If you wish for your child/student to participate in the activity, please complete this
consent form and return it to: <Insert name of contact person and contact details>
For further information about the activity, please contact <name of contact person >
on <insert telephone number and email>.
Yours sincerely
Annex 2: Proposal of informed consent for children
We are doing a research study about how people see different forms of love and
relationships. A research study is a way to learn more about people.
If you decide that you want to be part of this study, you will be asked about love and
relationships. The workshop will take 4 hours.
When we are finished with this study, we will write a report about what was learned.
(Signature) (Date)
Annex 3: Proposal of assessment questionnaire
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
The person who conducted the workshop has been able to maintain interest and encourage
participation
1 2 3 4 5
If your answer to this last statement is 3 or below, could you please explain why?
General Indicators
Activity 1: Presentation
Summary: Presentation of the workshop and personal consent
Use some adjectives to describe your perceived atmosphere.
Write down examples of the questions that have been asked.
Indicate if the instructions and the consent form are understood by participants.
Write down examples of the questions that have been asked.
Which aspects related with gender identity, sexual orientation or gender expression are
associated with each picture.
Annotate the main arguments or adjectives used to explain the selection of the photography.
Indicate the tensions emerging in the definition of a “safe place” (e.g. between “free speech”
and “personal respect”).
Write down your impressions on how different participants define “safe space”.
General atmosphere of the event and reactions of the audience to the role-playing.
General evaluation of how the workshop has been managed and the conditions in which has
been carried out (environment, institution, facilitating and conflicting factors,..).
Annex 5: Proposal pictures for Activity 2
This Project was funded by European Union’s Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme (2014-2020). The content of
this website represents the views of the author only and it his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not
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