c


 


By Rachel Delp, eHow Contributor
updated: May 22, 2010

a
   

Pakistan's mountain areas draw many domestic and international tourists.

Pakistan has much to offer domestic and international tourists, including archeological sites, the
great peaks of the Hindu Kush and the Karakoram, the famous markets and the sunset closing-of-
the-border ceremony at Pakistan's Wagah border with India. The Pakistan Tourism Development
Corporation offers organized tours and manages motels throughout Pakistan. Due to the terrorist
activities of extremist organizations, tourists are advised to exercise caution and heed local and
international travel warnings.

^


1. Car-owning tourists in Pakistan may drive themselves as they tour the country.
However, international tourists may be surprised to learn that car rental is
uncommon. Because of chaotic driving conditions and affordability of private drivers,
many foreign tourists prefer this option. Tourists may travel by taxi, although they
should arrange a price with the driver beforehand. Inexpensive buses, though often
overcrowded, are commonly used and for longer distances, Pakistan maintains
extensive rail lines; schedules and bookings are available through Pakistan
Railways.



 

2. Western hotel chains like the Holiday Inn and Sheraton operate in major cities of
Pakistan, although tourists should remember such hotels have been terrorist targets,
such as the Marriott bombing in Islamabad in 2008. The PTDC, run by Pakistan's
ministry of tourism, provides affordable accommodation, with motels in Chitral,
Hunza, Lahore, Naran and Skardu, among others. International tourists may find
PTDC amenities basic, but any lack of comfort is offset by the motels' stunning
locations.



 
. A popular historical site is the Marakan coastline, which Alexander the Great passed
by in 25 BC. Near Islamabad is the archeological treasure and World Heritage Site
in Taxila. This area, once a Buddhist center, is known for its ancient Gandhara
sculptures. The Karakoram Highway, starting near Islamabad and ending across the
northern border with China, is the world's highest motorway, reaching more than
14,000 feet altitude. Following the original Silk Road, the breathtakingly scenic KKH
passes through Gilgit, the Hunza Valley and ends near Kashgar in China. Another
must-see is the pageantry and fascinating display put on by Indian and Pakistani
military officers, who cajole and mock one another during the daily sunset border-
closing ceremony in Wagah.


 


4. Adventure tourism is plentiful in Pakistan. The country is home to the Hindu Kush,
Karakoram and Himalaya mountain ranges, so trekking, climbing, mountaineering
and jeep safari tours abound. The PTDC organizes adventure tours in the mountains
of the north and in the Thar and Cholistan deserts to the south. Through its
adventure club, the PTDC organizes special events such as the Pakistan rock-
climbing competition and national ski championship.

 

5. Lovers of wool carpets and silk embroidery must not miss Pakistan's markets, such
as the Jinnah and Super markets in Islamabad, Empress in Karachi and Anarkali
bazaar in Lahore. International tourists will marvel at the inexpensive cashmere
sweaters and pashminas, priced considerably less than in Western department
stores. Custom-fitted shoes and clothing, including men's business suits, can be
made in just a few days. In the south, brassware, gold and other jewelry are good
buys.




6. Before and while touring in Pakistan, keep abreast of all travel advisories.
International tourists should register with their countries' embassies soon after
arriving in Pakistan. Although many women in major cities do not wear head
coverings in public, international women should carry scarves for this purpose,
particularly if they're traveling into rural areas, and refrain from wearing revealing
clothing.

La Quinta Inn & SuitesLQ.com

Official Site for La Quinta Inns. Book Rooms Starting at $49/night!

Xinjiang Tourismwww.china-silkroad-travel.com
Xinjiang CITIC Travel specializing in silk road and xinjiang tours.

Sandman Inn Santa Barbarathesandmaninn.com

11 rooms in Uptown Santa Barbara Value, comfort, and convenience

Underground B & Bwww.undergroundbandb.com.au

Safe and secure underground bed and breakfast in Coober Pedy.

Ads by Google
References
2  


2

 

c 


 
2 è ^

2  


 
2

 
!"#"

Resources
2 $
 $
2 A  c

 %


2

  
&



Photo Credit
Pakistan Patan 01 image by Arnim Schulz from Fotolia.com

Read more: Domestic & Foreign Tourism in Pakistan | eHow.com

http://www.ehow.com/about_6540216_domestic-foreign-tourism-
pakistan.html#ixzz1dySaiz0
?

?
ë    ë   ë             
       !
Pakistan Sports Complex (behind Liaquat Gymnasium),
Islamabad ± 44000 - Pakistan.
Tel: 92-51-920250-9204556 ± Fax: 92-51-920247 ?

Profile: The Sports & Tourism Wing of the Ministry is the main body responsible for making policies and
plans for the development and promotion of sports and tourism in the country. The wing is also
responsible for implementation of the plans and projects in these areas. ?

    " 

Information Service), P.O. Box 1465, Agha Khan Road,
Markaz F-6 (Super Market), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Tel: (+92-51) 9212760, 9202766 Fax: (+92-51) 9204027, 2274507
E-mail [email protected] http://www.tourism.gov.pk?

ë     ë    

Tel : 051-9210108 Fax : 051-9224697
Culture & Heritage ?

"    # "!

Government of Pakistan,
Ministry of Minorities, Culture, Sports, Tourism & Youth Affairs,
Block B-6, Markaz F-7, Islamabad ± Pakistan.
Tel: 92-51-9204575-920772-920476, Fax: 92-51-9207427 ?

$%&a'a( %)$aë %$%$a%'

  "   *+ "!
140-A, Shadman-II, Lahore.
Tel: 042-757680 ± Fax: 042-7576829
www.tdcp.gop.pk/tdcp ?

Ô+ 
   

Lower Court Building, Khyber Road, Peshawar.
Tel: 091-9211091 ± Fax: 091-9210871
www.nwfptourism.com.pk ?

   "  "!

Sea Breeze Plaza, 1st Floor,
Shahrah-e-Faizal, Karachi.
Tel: 021-7782706-778850 ± Fax: 021-778271
÷
??


? ?÷
?
 
 ? ?

O#    

Information, Culture, Sports & Tourism Dept.
Government of Balochistan,
Civil Secretariat, Zargoon Road, Quetta.
Tel: 081-9202905-9202582 Fax: 822151
www.balochistan.gov.pk/index.php??

ë  ,- "

Government of Pakistan,
Ministry of Minorities, Culture, Sports, Tourism & Youth Affairs,
Pakistan Sports Complex, Islamabad.
Tel: 92-51-920509, Fax: 92-51-920247 ?

 .    .!

This Foundation is a non-profit private organization dedicated to promote outward
bound educational system in Pakistan. AFP offers a number of adventure and skill
training courses on mountaineering, rock climbing, hiking, skiing, hot-air ballooning,
paragliding and white water rafting. It also has exchange programmes and eco-tourism
projects. AFP is very actively involved in promotion of environment friendly adventure
tourism in the northern Pakistan. Mountain clean-up expeditions, tree plantation
programmes and training of adventure guides as a regular part of its activities. For more
information, please contact: Adventure Foundation Pakistan, Garden Avenue, National
Park Area, P.O. Box 1807, Islamabad. (Tel & Fax:051-227258)
www.adventurefoundation.org.pk?

Ecotourism Society Pakistan

ESP links people concerned with mountain development and
research and provides guidelines and information on mountain
initiatives and alerts the communities to timely actions, as well as
the value of sharing information about mountain environments.
This organization was founded in May 1997. ESP is listed in UNEP Major Group
Directory of Professional Organizations. It promotes sustainable mountain development
through improved communication among institutions and individuals----with a particular
focus on mountain eco-regions within Pakistan and abroad. ESP is the Regional
Partners of The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) United States and Friends of
Nature International Austria which have been working for the better future of tourism
and Nature. The core duties of ESP include advocacy for poor people living in remote
mountain areas through international networking. It wishes to connect with like minded
organizations for expanding the base for a better future of travelers, communities,
nature and earth. It offers like minded organizations of Central Asia, Eastern Europe
and South Asia to join hands and work together for a better future.
http://www.ecotourism.org.pk ?

 +   

509-Kashmir Road,
R.A. Bazaar, Rawalpindi.
Tel: 051-927121, 927101-6 Ext.58
Fax:051-92710
www.alpine.com.pk?
   /   #
Pakistan Youth Hostels Association (PYHA) was founded in 1951, which now runs a
chain of 6 Youth Hostels all over Pakistan. Accommodation in these Youth Hostels is
available to the members of International Youth Hostels Federation (IYHF) and its
affiliated organizations. For more details and reservation, please contact PYHA Head
Office located at Shaheed-e-Millat Road, G-6/4, near Aabpara, Islamabad.
Tel: +92-51-2826899
www.pakistanyouthhostel.com
www.pakistanyouthhostels.net ?

"   a   a !   ?

+++0
Club Annexe, Jinnah Road. Tel: (0992) 499 ?

O
0
PTDC Motel, Club Road, Near DC Office. Tel: (0621) 8285 Fax: (0621) 8562 ?

 0
19 JSR Plaza, Near PIA Office, Main Bazaar. Tel: (0572) 99, 4262 ?

$
1a +0
i) Agha Khan Road, Markaz F-6 (Super Market). Tel: (051) 9202766, 9212760 Fax:
(051) 9204027 ?

ii) Opposite International Arrival Lounge (Concourse Hall), Islamabad International

Airport.
Tel: (051) 928056 ?

iii) Room No.7, Flashman¶s Hotel, The Mall, Rawalpindi. Tel: (051) 5581480 Ext. 7 ?

Ô#0
i) Shafi Chambers, Club Road, Saddar. Tel: (021) 9202971 Fax: (021) 5678958 ?

ii) International Arrival Lounge, Jinnah International Airport. ?

(0
i) Room No., Faletti¶s Hotel, Egerton Road. Tel: (042) 606528, 66946 Ext., Fax:
(042) 664819
ii) International Arrival Lounge, Lahore International Airport. Tel: (042) 922002 ?

ë*:
PTDC Motel/Hospitality Complex. Tel: (0741) 459266 Fax: (0744) 49 ?

ë0
Hotel Sindbad, Nishtar Chowk, Bahawalpur Road. Tel: (061) 512640 ?
 
0
Benevolent Fund Building, Saddar Road. Tel & Fax: (091) 286829 ?

·0
Muslim Hotel, Jinnah Road. Tel: (081) 825826 ?

  0
PTDC Motel, Opposite Swat Serena Hotel. Tel: (096) 711205 Fax: (096) 71776 ?

0
PTDC K-2 Motel. Tel: (0575) 2946 Fax: (0575) 22 ?

 0
PTDC Motel, Pak-China Border, Sost Gojal (open from 1st May to 15th November) ?

 0
PTDC Motel, Pak-Iran Border. Tel: (0886) 51002 & 510248 ?

0
PTDC Hospitality Complex, Thatta. ?

-0
PTDC Motel, Opp. Taxila Museum, Museum Road. Tel: (0596) 244, 54890 ?

 0
PTDC Motel, Indo-Pak Border. Tel: (042) 6581644, 6581505. ?

%)$a a'.%$ëa%' ,',$ a' Ôa' a !?

For information, local assistance and booking of PTDC hotels, motels, transport and
tours, please contact any of the following PTDC Tourist Information Centres

OO%O"0Club Annexe, Jinnah Road.Tel: 0992-499

O/()$:PTDC Motel, Club Road, Near DC Office.Tel: 0621-8285 Fax: 0621-

8562

a(a0JSR Plaza, Near PIA Office, Main Bazaar.Tel: 0572-4262

a(ëO"0Agha Khan Road, Markaz F-6 (Super Market).Tel: 051-9202766,

9212760 Fax: 051-9204027

a(ëO" a$%$0Opposite International Arrival Lounge, Islamabad International

Airport. Tel: 051-928056

Ô$/a0Shafi Chambers, Club Road, Saddar. Tel: 021-9202971 Fax: 021-920676

Ô$/a AIRPORT:International Arrival Lounge, Quaid-e-Azam International Airport.

(/%$,:Room No., Faletti's Hotel, Egerton Road. Tel: 042-66946 Ext.TIC,

606528 Fax: 042-664819 ?

(/%$, a$%$: Opposite International Arrival Lounge, Lahore International

Airport. Tel: 042-922002

ë%,'2%"$%0PTDC Motel. Tel: 0741-459266 Fax: 0744-49

ë)('0Hotel Sindbad, Nishtar Chowk, Bahawalpur Road. Tel: 061-512640

,/$0Benevolent Fund Building, Saddar Road.Tel & Fax: 091-286829

·),0Muslim Hotel, Jinnah Road. Tel: (081) 825826

$(a'"a:Room No.7, Flashman's Hotel, The Mall.Tel: 051-514672, 581480 Ext.7

a") /$a.0PTDC Motel, Opposite Serena Hotel.Tel: 096-711205 Fax: 096-

71776

Ô$")0K-2 Motel. Tel: 0575-2946 Fax: 0575-22

%0 (1st May to 15th November)PTDC Motel, Pak-China Border.

.'0PTDC Motel/Reception Unit, Pak-Iran Border. Tel: 0886-51002, 510248

/0PTDC Hospitality Complex.

3a(0PTDC Motel, Opposite Taxila Museum, Museum Road. Tel: 0596-244,

54890

/0PTDC Motel/Reception Unit, Indo-Pak Border. Tel: 042-6581644, 6581505?

   ( (!  "   # ?

PTL, a subsidiary of PTDC, is working as a tour operating agency and is responsible for
organizing tours/arrangements of transport and accommodation for foreign and
domestic tourists in Pakistan. ?

Its Head Office is located at:-Room # 17,Flashman¶s Hotel, Room No.2 & 24, The Mall,
Rawalpindi. Tel: +92-51-55608, 5565449 & 5581480 Fax: +92-51-551054 E-mail:
[email protected] ?

PTDC is operating a transport service between Pakistan and China border on

Karakoram Highway (KKH) from Sost (Pakistan) to Tasghurgan (China) for the
convenience of local and foreign visitors. The transport service is being operated from
1st May to 15 November each year. PTDC¶s transport is also hired out to foreign and
domestic individual and group tourists. ?

?
O?
 ? ?
?? ?

?
?
?
?
÷
?
r
????
? ??

O

?

??

?

?÷
?

? ?

? ?  ? 

???

 ?
 ??
?
 ? ? !÷
?

?÷
?

?" ?? 
? ? ?
 ?

  ?  ?? 
?#$#?O
%?

  ?÷
?  ?&O
÷ ?"
?
? ?'? ?  ? 
?

 ? (

 ??? 
?
  ? ? 
?   ?
?
?? 
?
 !)*
?( ?? ? ? 
?

 ? (

 ?
  ? ? 

?
 ?

   ? ? ? ?
?
?"  +?
? !?


? 
?
?  ?"
?(
?? ? ?
 ?   ? ?? ?
?

?

!?

? ?  ?÷ ?÷ ?O?

?(
?,
%  ?(  ?  
?
? ?
" ?-
?
? 
? ? 
?
"?
?  ??  ??
?

? ? ? 
 ? ?
 
?
 !?
 ?,  ??. ?,
? ?÷
?' ?
? ?.?&'.?
? ?'? ?  ? 
?

 ?'.? (

 ?"?? 
?
  ? ? 
?
   ? ?
?? 
?(
!?
)÷
? ?  ? "
?

  ?
? 
? " ??
? ?"

?"
??


?
 
?
(


+?
? !?

÷? ?

?,
?,
?. ? ?  ?
?"?


? ?
?

????
?

 ?
 !?
)??  
???"?? 
?
(
 
 ? ?'.+? ?,
?. ? ?  ?

?  ? "
? %
 ??'.?? 
? ? 
??

? ?

? 
  !?
 ??  ?? 
?O
÷ ?
? ? ?
!?


? 
?, ? ?O
%?/
?0?


? 
?

?1?
?
 (? ? ?(
?

? ? !?

/
?


?

?

 ? ?
 ?
?(
? ? 
? ? !?
'?

? ?
? 
 ? ?

?(
"?" ? 
?

?÷
? ?,
?'.?
 ? 
?   ? ?
?
"

? 
? " ?
!?



?
??"

? ?( ? ? ? ?(?,
 ?
? ? 
? !?

?
÷
? 
 ??   ? 
??   ? ?
??
 ?÷
?,
?
r
????
? ??

O

?

?$2?

?,
? ?÷
?' 
?
??  ?
? 
 ???
   ? 
? ? 
?   ? ?
!?' 
?
? 
 ? ? 
? ? ?
O
? 
?
?
? ?  ?
??
??
 (
?

? ? ?  ? 

?
? ?"? ? 
?
  ?? 
?" 
? ? ?"?? ? 
 !?


? ?  ? ?

? 

?
? 
? 
?"

?
"? ?

? 
 ?
? 
?"?

 
?(
?

? 
  ? ? 
? ? ?

?"?
?
 
?? 

?
!?

,
?' 
?
?" ??


 ??
 ?? 
?
?O
%?

  ?
÷
?   ?&O
÷ ?

? ?  ? ???

? ?
?
? ?

 ? ?


?
 !?

? ? 
  ?
? 
?
  
? 
?,
%  ?

? ?O
?(  !?

÷
?
? ?  ?
?? 
? ? 
?
 ?

? ?

  ? ?


? ?
(  ? ??
 ???  ?

 (
?
!?
? 
?
?  ? 
?
?"
?
 ?
?" ?(
?

 ? ?
? 
!?

34
?(
?(
?
 ?
 ? ?  
?


??

  3?
?
!?

÷
?
? ? 
?  ?


? 
? 
?  ? 
?   ??O
÷ ?

?

 ?"?( ? ??

?

!?

*? 
?  ??
 ? 
 ?


? 
?

? ? 
?
 ? ? ?
 
? ?
? ?  
?
!?

,
"
? 
? ?( ? ? 
?O
÷ ? 
??
?

? ?
 ?
 ?

?
?" ? 
? ?
 ? 
 ?" ?
 
? 
? ? ?

?(
"? ?

?( !?

*
? ? 
? 
 ?

?
? 
 ? ? ?'? ?  ?
?
 ? ? 
??
?

? ?
 ? ? ?? 
?  ? ?'

 !?
? ?  ? 
?
??


? ?
( ?  
?
!?

*(
?#?
 
?
? ? ?? 
?
?
?
  !? ?÷
?

(
 
 ?'
  ? ?
 3?
? 
 ?"

?   ? ? 
? ? 

(
?

!?

÷
? 

 ?
  ?
  ?"? 
? ?
 ? ?
 !?
÷(
?5?


?
(
3?O
 ?÷
? 
 ?? ?- ? ? ??6? ? ?
#? ?
? ?( ? ?(??

34 ?÷
?
?(
??

 ?
  ?? ?

?

 (
?

 ?
  ?( ? ?
?   ??
,
?
m ???? ? ??

/','O'?
?7?,
? ?÷
?,
?' ?
??
?
 
(
?

 ?
( 
 ? ? 
?   ? ?
?? 
?
 ?,
?' ??


 ?

? 
?
? ?

?,
? ?÷
!?

,
?

?? ? 
?" ?? 
?

?   ?
 3??
?

 ? ? 
? ?  !?

' ? 
? 
?
?
 ??
? (
 
?? 
?

(
? (

 ? ?8

? ?

 ?? 
??
?
 ?
(
 
 ? 
?  ? ?
? ? ?
 !?
' ? ?
(
? ??" ? %

?? 
?
? ?
 ?
? (
? ? ?( ?
?
??
 ?"? 
?

 ?
?  
 
!?

3? ?%
 ? 
?

 ?

?  ?
 ?
?? 

?? ?? 
? ?  ? ? ?
"
? ? ?
 ? ? ? 
? 
?"  ? (
!?

/? ? 



? 
? ? 
?
 ?   ? 
?
 
? ? ?

?
?
? 
? ? 
?
?
?  ?

? ?
? (
? ?" !?

39 ? ?

?"
? 
? ?&
?
 ? ?  ??"
?
? ? ? ?

? ?

!?4
? ?

? ?
?? 
?


??
?
?
 3?,
?' ? !?

 ?? 
?  ?

?
 ? ? 
?? ? 
?"  ? ?  ?
8

?? 
?  ? ?
  ? "? ? ? (

?


??
 ?
 
?
? ?
 ?(  ?

? ? ?

?(
?
? ?$:?
 ?
? (
?7###?

?


?(
?

?(
?( ?

 ? ?÷? ?  !?

34 ??

?
 
? ???
? ?
?? ??? ? ??

?" ?? ?
 
? ?" ? ?
?  (

3?
? !?

34
?"?? ?
 
? 
?
??,


?
%?O  ?"


?"
? 
??



?
 ?
 3?,
?' ?
!?

? 
?  ?   ? ?
?
 ?
? ? ? ?

? 
?
 ?
  ?
" ? 
?

? ? (

 ? ?
 ?
 
!3÷
?
 ? ?
?
? ?
"?

 ??"
? (
?
  ?" ? 
?
 
3?
?

!?

÷
?
? ?

 ? ? ?


 ?" ?:?
 
?
 ?
!?

4
?
? "?
?


?
??
? ?
?(
? 
?

?

  ? ?

?

?
? 
?

? 
( (
?" ?

?
? 
?
? ?  
 
? ?


  ?,
?' ? ?
? ? " ? ?
 
?
 ???
?

?
 !3
?? 
?
?
 ? ? 
?
"?
 !3?


? ?

?
? 
?
 ?  ?
?
 
?

  ? ?
 
? ( 
!?34
(
?
"
? ?"
 ?
??  
?" ?
?%
  ? ? ?

?
?  
 !3?
?
 
!?

,
?' ?8

??0
?(

?&

 ??'?"?
? (
?
 ? 
?
 ? ?
%
 
?
?"?
? ?  "
? ?
 
? 
?"  ? ?
? ?
"?(


?

?
$22# ? ?
? ?
?

? ?
r ???? ? ??

/','O'?
?;? ?


 ?
? ? 
?
???$22#?
? ?

 ? 
?

? ?
 3?
?
 ?
? ??
?  ? ?

?

 3?

? ? ? "?

 ?"
 ? ?
?

?" ?
"? 
?"? 
?
?

(
?"
 ?  ?
?
 !'? 

?

??

?

?
÷
? ? (?
?


??"
??
? ? ?'.? ?
  
?'
??

? 
? ?" ?
?
"?
? !??

÷? 

?"? 
??,
? ?÷
?,
?' ?
?? ? 
?



?,

? ?   ? ?÷
?


 ?
 !?
,
?' ?
?? ? 
?
 ?
? ?"?
(
??$22#? ? ?"? ??

?" ? ?
? ?!??

3
?##1? ? " 


?  ? ?"?

? ?

? "
(
? ?
"?"?

3? 
?
? ? ?

? 
? (?
?
? ?   
?" ? 
?


?÷
?, ?" ?
 ? ? 
 ?
"? ? ?
!??

3
? 
?
"? ?"
?
 ? ?
? 

? ?

?
  ?" ? 
? (
?(
?

 ? (
?

? ?? 
?" ?
?
?" ?
? ?  ?
?
?

 3? 
?
? !??

÷
? (?
?
?"

?
8


? ?  

? 
?

  ? ?

?

 ?
"?
? !??

?"?

?  ?


?

?
?? 
? ? ?"

? ?
?  !??

 ? ??? ? "?


? ?
 ? ??
? ?

??
 

(
?? ?
 ? 
?
?
 ? 
?


?
 (
? ?(
?
(
 !??

 ???(
?
? 
? ? 
?  ?'?
? ? 
? 
?
?
.
? 
?? ? 
?. !??

÷
??
 
??   ?

? ? ?

? ??'?
 
? ?
 ? 
? ?"? (
? 
?
?

!??

?
(
 ?
? ?
 ?
  ??"
?? ?
? ? 
? ?
 ?

 
 ? ? (
?
?


? 
? ?? 
?
?
 !??

?
4? 

? ? 
?
? 
?
c ???? ? ??

 '4'?
?#?÷
?4? (

 ??
  

?? 

? ? 
?
?? 
? (
!?
÷
? (?
?

?"
 ? ??? ?   ?
?

??
(
? ? 
? ?"
?


? ?
?
? ??   (
?

?
& ?
? ?
??"
 ?
?

? ? 
? !??

' ? 
 ?'
 ? ?,


?
? 
( ?4 
?< ?
?
?


(
?,=?
?÷(
?  ?"?4?
?.? ?? 
 ? ?
÷
?    ?"
 ?
? ?

!??

÷
?
? ?



? ? 
? 

?"
 ?
? ?
 (
?
 (? 

??

? %
 ?


?
 
 ?
 
? ?
?
(
 
 ?  (
? ?
  
? 
?


 ? ? %
 !??

÷
? 

?"
 ?  ?

? ?  ?? ?

?
?" ??

?


? ?
"
 ?

?"? ?
? ?
?
???

? ? " ? ? 
? (
!?

?
 ?÷
? ?  
?,
? %
 ???
u  ???? ? ??

 '4'?'
?$?÷
? ?÷
?    ? ?4 
?
 
 ??
    ?" ?(
?
 ?
?
?
? %
 ? ?
 
? 
?
?
 ? ?

??
 !?
÷? ?"?,
? ?÷
?
?'8?? ?  ? " ?% ? %
 ? ?

?

 
???(
?  ?"
 ?  ? 
 ?
? ?


? 
?
  ?
 ( 
? ? 
? ? 
  !?

 ? %
 ?"?
??(
? ? ? 

? ?
??
"

?? ?
?,

?
/
?"
?
  ? %
 ?"?
 
 ? ?"
?  ?
  ? ?/
??/
!?÷
?
 
? (? (

 ?  ? ? 
?
?"
 ?
? 

? %
 ? ? ?
"?


!?

*? 
? 
 (
? ?
?,
?'

?
?.? ?
(
? ? 
? %
 ?"
 ?
?
 

?? 
?
 ? ?* 
? ??" ?"?
? ?
? 
? ?'?
!?÷
?

?
? ?" ?

? ? 
? (?
?(
?
 ?(
? ?
?
 ?

??
  ? ? 
?
?
!?

9
? 
?  
??
?,

?/
? 
?$###?

? (
? 
?
?
(
?"
 ?
?

?" ??-
? 
??
??
!?O
??  ? ? 
??
?"
 ?
?

?
? ?71##?

? (
? 
?
?
(
!?'?? ?" ?? ? ?##?(

?"
 ?
?

 
?
? 
?
?!,?'8?? ?  ?
??"
 ?? (
? 
? "

?
 ?  ?"
 ? (
?
 ? ?  
?(
"? ? 
?(
?
? ?
"
!?3÷
?
 ??( ?  
 
? ?
 ?
?
 ? ? 
? (

 ?
? 
?"? ?
(
 ? 

?
3?
? !?

 ?

  ? ?

  ? ?
? 
?  
?
??
? ?  ? 
?
? ?
 ? ?


 ?
"

?? ?6?,4? ?

  !? ? ?
 
??
? "
?

 ?
 ?
"
 ?
? 
?"?"
 ?
?

 ? ?
? 
?
?? ? 
? 
? ?
 
  ?
?
!?

÷
? (

 ?"
 ? ? "?  
  ? ?
 
 ? ??

?

?
? 
?
? ? 
?
?
? ? ???

?"
 ?
?
(
 
? ??"?  
? ?

?
?"

?  
  ? ? 8

? ?
 
 ? ? ? 
?"
 ?
? "
!?
?
 ?  ?
  ? ? 
?
?"
 ?
?

(
? ? 
? (

 ?"
 ? ? "?
  ?
 ( 
?"?
 ?

?
( 
 ? 
 !?

÷
?
? ?  ? 
?  
?  ?
  ? ?/
??/
?"
 ?
?
? 

? ?
 ( ?
?   ? ?"
?  ?
? ?
? ? ( !?


? ?  ?
?  ?"
 ?
? (
? ?"
?  ? (
!?÷
?
  ?"
 ?(
?

 
 ?:#? 
? ? 
  
 ? 
?

?(? 
? ? ?


?
?
?,4? ?

  ? 
?
? ?
?