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Thermodynamics Interview Questions

Q1. Explain what is Thermodynamics?

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that studies the relationship between heat, work, energy and
temperature. It provides information about the flow of energy and how thermal energy (energy of a substance or
system because of its temperature) converts to and from other forms of energy.

Q2. What are laws of thermodynamics?

The laws of thermodynamics put a light on how the energy of the system is changing and whether the system is
performing any work on its surroundings.

Zeroth law: This law states that two bodies having the same thermal equilibrium with the third body are also in
equilibrium with each other

First Law: This law is also known as the Law of conservation of energy. It states that energy can neither be
created nor destroyed but can be transformed or converted from one form to another. It says that the energy of a
system is equal to the addition of an increase in thermal energy and work done on the system.

The Second Law: This law states that it is impossible to transfer the energy from a body at a lower temperature
to higher temperature without using the additional energy. Broadly speaking, it means that the entropy of a
system always tends to increase. E.g. the entropy of the universe never decreases and always tends to increase.

The Third Law: It states that the entropy of a system approach at zero when the temperature is zero. A perfect
crystal which has only one state and minimum energy has zero entropy at absolute zero.

Q3. What is Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?

Zeroth law states that if body ‘A’ and body ‘B’ are in thermal equilibrium with the body ‘C’ then body ‘A’ and
body ‘B’ are also in equilibrium with each other. This law manifests that temperature is a measurable and
fundamental property of matter

Q4. What is Carnot engine?

Carnot engine is a theoretical cycle given by Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot in 1824. He stated that in this
engine a hot body is needed that transfers the energy to a cold body which ultimately produces mechanical
work. You can see this engine in your refrigerator and air conditioners.

Q5. List types of Thermodynamic System?

There are 3 types of Thermodynamic System:

1. Closed system: In this system, mass cannot be transferred throughout the boundary but it allows the
energy to be exchanged.
2. Open system: This system allows the transfer of both matter and energy across the boundary.e.g. air
compressor.
3. Isolated system: In this system neither mass nor energy can transfer across the boundary.

Q6. What are the Advantages of Electronic Ignition System?

The ignition system is used to ignite the mixture of air and fuel in the combustion engine. This system has
several advantages and it is better than mechanically timed ignition systems.

No Moving Parts: When moving parts move, they grind with each other due to friction and this makes
the moving part to wear down. But the electronic ignition system does not have any of the moving parts.
As all of the operations of this system is handled by solid-state electronics, it has a longer lifespan. This
makes the system more preferable.
Operational Improvements: It has one more advantage over a mechanically timed system as it does not
need many factors for timing the spark plug activation. In this system, fuel and air mixture burnt at an
optimal time.
Environmental Benefits: It also possesses environmental benefits because of operational improvements.
The clean-burning of air and fuel mixture makes the system less polluting.
Does not overload the engine combustion: The electronic ignition system works electrically without
power from the crankshaft and as a result, it does not overload the performance of the engine.

Q7. What is Roots Blower?

A roots blower is a type of compressor that contains two rotors with a pair of lobes which rotates in an airtight
casing. When these rotors rotate, it compresses the air present at atmospheric pressure and traps the air in a
pocket. The lobes which are in rotary motion deliver this compressed air to the receiver. Subsequently, more
and more air is delivered to the receiver which results in a high pressure in the receiver and then used at required
pressure. These are mostly used as Vacuum Pumps in the industry.

Q8. What is Steam-Turbine and Steam Engine?

Steam Engine: A steam engine is a device that uses the steam as its working fluid to do mechanical work. This
steam works to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. And this pushing force is further converted into
rotational force with the help of connecting rod and flywheel.

Q9. What is entropic Exponent?

Q10. What is compression ratio for Diesel engines?

Compression ratio for Diesel engines lies between 14:1 to 25:1.

Q11. How much Watt in 1hp?

There are 745.7 Watt in 1 hp.

Q12. What Is Hess Law?

Hess law or Hess’s law of constant heat summation states that if any reaction has taken place in several steps,
then the standard enthalpy reaction is equal to the sum of all intermediate reactions at the same temperature. It
tells that Enthalpy change for a reaction is not dependent on the way a product is obtained if initial and final
conditions both are the same. This law shows that Enthalpy is a state function.

Q13. Define the term enthalpy?

Enthalpy is a thermodynamic quantity which represents the total heat content of a system. It is defined as the
addition of the internal energy and the product of the (pressure and volume) of a thermodynamic system. It is a
state function and its value depends upon pressure, composition and temperature of the system.

In symbols,

H= E+ PV

Where H represents the enthalpy

E represents Internal energy

Pressure (P) and Volume (V)

Torque is the amount of force to make an object rotate about an axis. Torque makes an object to acquire angular
acceleration. As Torque is a vector quantity, its direction depends on the direction of a force.

Q15. What is a closed system?

In thermodynamics, the Closed system is a physical system that does not allow the transfer of matter
throughout the boundary between system and surrounding. It only allows the energy to pass through this
boundary. Example of a closed system is an air compressor.

Q16. Which law is used for exergy balance in Thermodynamics?

Both First law and Second law is used for exergy balance in Thermodynamics.

Q17. What is quasi-static process?

A Quasi-static process is a process that occurs infinitesimal slowly that every step in the system tends to
remain in equilibrium. It is a reversible process. The quasi-Static process permits all adiabatic and isothermal
processes to proceed very slowly.

Q18. What is a steady flow process?

In this process, fluid properties can change from one point to another at control volume. During this whole
process, the fluid properties will remain constant at any fixed point. This process allows the transfer of matter
and energy through the open system steadily. Steady flow has some characteristics that are given below: -

In control volume, no properties of fluid changes with time

Q19. What is unit of energy in S.I. units?

Q20. Explain Regnault's law?

This law states that the specific heat of a gas is the same at constant pressure. It does not depend on the value of
pressure. Regnault’s law is also known as Gay Lussac’s law. This law states that the pressure of a given mass of
a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant volume.

P?/T? = P?/T?

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