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    (Part-3) : Dr. Nirnay Ghosh

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    SOHOM MAJUMDAR
    The document discusses protocol layering and the TCP/IP protocol suite, describing each layer of the TCP/IP model including physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers. It explains the key concepts of encapsulation and addressing in protocol layering and compares the TCP/IP model to the OSI reference model developed by ISO for network communication standards.

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    (Part-3) : Dr. Nirnay Ghosh

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    SOHOM MAJUMDAR
    18 views6 pages
    The document discusses protocol layering and the TCP/IP protocol suite, describing each layer of the TCP/IP model including physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers. It explains the key concepts of encapsulation and addressing in protocol layering and compares the TCP/IP model to the OSI reference model developed by ISO for network communication standards.

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    Module-1_Part-3

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    The document discusses protocol layering and the TCP/IP protocol suite, describing each layer of the TCP/IP model including physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers. It explains the key concepts of encapsulation and addressing in protocol layering and compares the TCP/IP model to the OSI reference model developed by ISO for network communication standards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views6 pages

    (Part-3) : Dr. Nirnay Ghosh

    Uploaded by

    SOHOM MAJUMDAR
    The document discusses protocol layering and the TCP/IP protocol suite, describing each layer of the TCP/IP model including physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers. It explains the key concepts of encapsulation and addressing in protocol layering and compares the TCP/IP model to the OSI reference model developed by ISO for network communication standards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Module 1

    (Part-3)
    (Data communication Components: Representation of data and its flow
    Networks, Various Connection Topology, Protocols and Standards, OSI model)

    Dr. Nirnay Ghosh


    Assistant Professor
    Department of Computer Science & Technology
    IIEST, Shibpur
    2/20/2021 Computer Networks (Module 1) 1
    Protocol & Protocol Layering
    • It consists of a set of rules
    that govern data
    communications.
    • To be followed by sender, Single Layer Protocol
    receiver, and intermediate
    devices
    • The key elements of a
    protocol are syntax,
    semantics and timing
    • Advantages of protocol
    layering: Three Layer Protocol
    • Divides complex
    communication task into
    several smaller and simpler
    tasks (modularity)
    • Decouples services from
    implementations
    • Simpler
    2/20/2021
    intermediate systems Computer Networks (Module 1) 2
    Logical Connection Between Peers
    TCP/IP Protocol Suit

    Original TCP/IP Today’s TCP/IP


    Communication through the internet

    2/20/2021
    Logical Connection between TCP/IP Protocol SuiteComputer
    LayersNetworks (ModuleIdentical
    1)
    Objects in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite
    3
    Description of Each Layer
    Layers Functionalities
    Physical • Carries individual bits in a frame across the link
    • Converts bits into electrical/optical signals so that they can be propagated through the transmission
    media (cable or air)
    Data-Link • Takes the datagram and carries it across the link as frame
    • Link can be either wired LAN with a link-layer switch, a wireless LAN, a wired WAN, or a wireless WAN.
    • May provide complete error detection and correction or only correction
    Network • Responsible for host-to-host communication
    • Chooses the best route for each packet
    • Internet Protocol (IP) defines the format of the packet (datagram), structure of the address used in the
    network layer
    • IP is responsible for routing a packet from source to destination, which is achieved by each router
    forwarding the datagram to the next router in its path
    • Other protocols in this layer: ICMP, IGMP, DHCP, ARP
    Transport • Responsible for process-to-process communication
    • Two main protocols: TCP (connection-oriented, reliable) & UDP (connection-less, unreliable)
    • Flow control, error control, congestion control
    Application • Process-to-process communication
    • Protocols supported by the application layer: HTTP, SMTP, FTP, TELNET, SSH, DNS, SNMP
    2/20/2021 Computer Networks (Module 1) 4
    Two Important Concepts of Protocol Layering
    • Encapsulation and Decapsulation • Addressing

    Encapsulation/Decapsulation Addressing in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite

    2/20/2021 Computer Networks (Module 1) 5


    The OSI Model
    • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
    • multinational body dedicated to worldwide agreement on international standards.
    • Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
    • An ISO standard that covers all aspects of network communication

    OSI Model OSI Model vs. TCP/IP Protocol Suite


    2/20/2021 Computer Networks (Module 1) 6

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