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Modified Minimum depth-span ratio of beams and slabs

Article · November 2020

DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2020/107892020

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 ISSN 2347 - 3983
Volume 8. No. 9, September 2020
International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research
Available Online at http://www.warse.org/IJETER/static/pdf/file/ijeter107892020.pdf
https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/107892020

Modified Minimum depth-span ratio of beams and slabs

Mereen H. Fahmi1, Ayad Z. Saber2
1
Professor, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil Technical Engineering College, Dept. of Civil engineering. Erbil-Iraq,
[email protected]
2
Assistant Professor, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil Technical Engineering College, Dept. of Civil engineering. Erbil-Iraq,
[email protected]

ABSTRACT shown in Table (1) for non-prestressed conditions normal

weight concrete and steel
The deflection control and determining of minimum thickness reinforced yielding strength ,
of slabs and beams are included in different buckling codes correction factors are used for light weight concrete and other
and standards, also the ACI Code includes provisions of values of as shown below:
determining immediate and time dependent deflection and
depth-span limitations which is tabulated for normal weight 1  1.65  0.005 c  1.09 (1)
concrete and specified yield strength of steel reinforcement
and correction factors are provided for other values of steel fy
reinforcement and light weight concrete. Correction factors 2  0.4  (2)
are suggested in this study to include the effect of concrete 100, 000
strength and steel reinforcement yield strength on the ACI
Code limitation factors of the depth-span ratio of beams and
slabs with different boundary conditions;(simply supported,
Table 1: Minimum thickness ACI code limitation [1], [5]-[8]
fixed ended, propped and cantilevers).
Key words: Deflection, Deflection control, Depth-span ratio. Support type One way slab Beam
Simply supported
1. INTRODUCTION One end continuous (propped)
Two end continuous (fixed
Deflection of slabs and beams can be controlled by addition of ended)
steel reinforcement bars in tension and compression zones or Cantilever
using pre-stressing concrete, in addition to that deflection are
influenced by different factors such as loading type and value,
material properties ( ), section properties ( ), type of the The minimum thickness calculated by the code provisions to
member, i.e. type of the boundary condition (simply ensure that the beam or slab will be stiff enough and the
supported, fixed or free), and time dependent or long term deflection within the permissible range. Generally, the
deflection due to creep and shrinkage of concrete during the deflection is a function of the load, span length, beam cross
life of the structure. section represented by moment of inertia ( ), material
property represented by (Modulus of elasticity ), and the
Building design codes and ACI code [1] calculate the support condition (simple, fixed or free) at both ends. Elastic
deflection under loads up to the full service load to ensure that deflection can be expressed in the following general form: [5-
stresses in the stream fiber in both steel and concrete remain 8]
within elastic range, and the uncracked section properties are
used to determine the immediate deflection, then long term or f (load , span ,sup portcondition )
time dependent deflection is calculated due to creep and  (3)
shrinkage along the life of the structure. Lee et al. [2] EI
compared provisions of different codes and standards about where;
minimum thickness, they concluded that the CSA and ACI
provisions have limited application and the proposed equation modulus of elasticity
is recommended for calculation the minimum thickness. Beal
and Thomason [3], presented an approximated depth-span moment of inetia of the cross section
ratio for the preliminary design specification in term of
rather than to include the effect of steel f (load , span , sup portcondition ) : is a function of load, span
design stress. Shehata et al [4], presented a theoretical study length and support condition which is determined by elastic
for the minimum steel ratio is required for bending, shear and analysis. Table (2) shows the maximum deflection for
torsion for beams with different concrete strengths. ACI code different type beams and loadings.
[1], provides the minimum depth of one-way slab and beams

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Mereen H. Fahmi et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(9), September 2020, 5571 – 5580

Table 2: Maximum deflection of different types of beams and which provide minimum slab thickness of a short span
loadings [9]-[11] reinforced concrete building.
Support type Loading type
Simply supported Uniform distributed 2. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS
load
One end continuous Uniform distributed Uncracked section property is used in the calculation of
(propped) load deflection up to cracking moment when tensile stress at the
Two end continuous Uniform distributed stream fiber reached to the tensile strength of the concrete
(fixed ended) load , but beyond this limit, effective moment of inertia is
Cantilever Uniform distributed used which is lied between cracking and uncracked section,
load moment of inertia as given in the following equation:
Simply supported Concentrated load at 1/48
midspan M cr 3 M
Ie  ( ) I g  [1  ( cr )3 ]I cr
One end continuous Concentrated load at Ma Ma
(propped) midspan
(1)
Two end continuous Concentrated load at 1/192
(fixed ended) midspan where: Moment of inertia of cracked transformed
Cantilever Concentrated load at 1/3 section .
free end
Moment of inertia of uncracked transformed
section .
where:
Maximum bending moment due to the service
 w L4 load .
 max  for distributed load.
EI Cracking bending moment due to service load
and equal to
 P L3
 max  for concentrated load. f r .I g
EI M cr  (5)
yt
Orvin and Anik [12] determined the minimum thickness of
reinforced concrete slabs to resist undesirable vibration, and
compare the results with other study. They conclude that f r  Modulus of rupture of the concrete ( ).
American Concrete Institute (ACI) minimum thickness limit is
not satisfactory for vibration. Three dimensional finite element y t  Distance from the neutral axis of the section to
modelling is carried out to study the natural floor vibration,
and the results are verified by ANSYS model and ETABS the extreme fiber at the
modeling. Several parameters as slab thickness, span length tension face ( ).
and floor panel aspect ratio are taken into consideration.
Akmaluddin [13] presented an improvement model of the bh 3
effective moment of inertia to predict to predict the short term For rectangular section without reinforcement: I g 
deflection of reinforced light weight concrete beam. The 12
proposed model is verified and compared with experimental
where: b = width of the cross section ( ).
results of nine beams, good agreement is obtained with the
experimental results and in some cases have similar trend to h = total depth of the cross section ( ).
the ACI and SNI previsions. Ho et al [14], developed a
simplified method for providing minimum flexural ductility For beam with tension reinforcement:
and evaluation of maximum values of tension steel ratio and
neutral axis depth corresponding to the proposed minimum h
curvature ductility factor for various concrete grades and steel bh ( )  (n  1)As .d
y  2
yielding strengths. Islam Khan et al [15] investigated
reinforced concrete building analysis by using three bh  (n  1)As
dimensional finite element modelling to determine the
minimum slab thickness to prevent undesirable vibration. The where: d = effective depth ( ).
developed finite element model is applied on post experiments
which are validated the applicability of the model for further
A s = Area of tension reinforcement ( )
parametric study. Different slab thickness, span length and
floor aspect ratio are studied. Empirical equation is suggested
5572
Mereen H. Fahmi et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(9), September 2020, 5571 – 5580

Es The depth of neutral axis y   h

n
Ec
0.5  0.7225( n  1) 
where   (11)
E s = Modulus of elasticity of steel reinforcement ( )= 1  0.85( n  1) 
200,000 The neutral moment of inertia including the effect of
reinforcement and concrete compression strength is:
E c = Modulus of elasticity of the concrete ( )=

4730 f c' bh 3
Ig   (12)
12
f c' = cylinder compressive strength of the concrete ( ) Where
3
  [1  12(  0.5) 2  10.2( n  1)  (0.85  ) 2 (13)
bh h
Ig   bh ( y  ) 2  ( n  1) A s (d  y ) 2 (6)
12 2 The new depth (h1) is calculated from ( I g ) which is obtained
from Eq.(12).

bc 3 For beam with dimension (width=250mm), taking different

I cr   ( nA s )(d  c ) 2 (7) values of compressive strength of concrete ( f c = 21, 28, 35,
'
3
42, 63, and 84 ) and steel yielding strength ( f y = 420
and 525 ). The equivalent depth (h1) is determined for
Where (c) is the depth of the compressive zone at the cracked
beams with different reinforcement index (  ). The
condition, and determined from the following equation:
reinforcement index is taken as a ratio to the balancing
c reinforcement index (  /  b ), also (h1) is determined at
bc ( )  nA s d
c 2 (8) maximum reinforcement index (  max ) and (  t ), where:
bc  nAs
f c' 
bc 2
b  (0.851 )( u )
 nA s c  nA s d  0 (9) f y u   y
2
f c' 0.003
equation (9) is solved to determine value of (c).  max  (0.851 )( )
f y 0.003  0.004
By equating the moment of inertia of the beam with tension
reinforcement with the equivalent section without f c' 0.003
t  (0.851 )( )
reinforcement which giving the same deflection, the new f y 0.003  0.004
equivalent depth (h1) is determined from the following
equations: fy
y 
Es
bh13 bh ( h 1 )  (n  1)( bd 1 )d 1 h1 2
 bh1[ 1 2  ] 
12 bh1  (n  1)( bd 1 ) 2 The results of the ratio of ( h1 / h ) for different values of
h1
bh ( )  (n  1)( bd 1 )d 1 2 concrete compressive strength ( and steel yielding strength
1 2
(n  1)( bd 1 )[d 1  ] ( ) are shown in Table (3).
bh1  (n  1)( bd 1 )
Table 3: Results of ( h1 / h ) or ( h / ho )
bh 3
 (10) 21 28 35 42 63 63 84
12
420 420 420 420 525 420 525
Where d 1  h1  central cover
0.050 0.067 0.083 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.16
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
A
 = reinforcement index = s 0.968 0.964 0.963 0.962 0.971 0.962 0.968
bd 0.960 0.956 0.955 0.954 0.981 0.954 0.958
0.956 0.951 0.950 0.949 0.957 0.948 0.953
Assuming (d 1  0.25h1 ) 0.943 0.937 0.936 0.935 0.949 0.9343 0.944

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Mereen H. Fahmi et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(9), September 2020, 5571 – 5580

The results shown in Table (3) show that the depth ratio L
( h1 / h ) decreased with increasing the reinforcement index h1  (21)
 f c'
ratio (  /  b ), this mean that smaller depth is required as the (1.00384  0.0595  0.0048 ) N
b fy
tension reinforcement area is increased.
Table 4: Modification Factor
Two variables are suggested (  /  b ) to represent the effect
of reinforcement amount as a ratio to balancing reinforcement
'
index and other variable ( f c / f y ) to represent the effect of 3/60 0 0.05 1 0.9974 0.9974
the material strengths. General equation is suggested to 0.5 0.05 0.968 0.9672 0.9991
determine the depth ratio ( h1 / h ) in the following form: 0.634 0.05 0.9606 0.9591 0.9984
0.724 0.05 0.956 0.9536 0.9975
h1  f ' 1 0.05 0.943 0.9370 0.9936
 k 0  k 1( )  k 2 ( c ) (14)
h b fy 4/60 0 0.0667 1 0.9976 0.9976
0.5 0.0667 0.9642 0.9674 1.0033
Using the data of Table (3), applying the principle of least
square and regression analysis method; the following equation 0.634 0.0667 0.9563 0.9593 1.0031
is determined: 0.724 0.0667 0.9513 0.9539 1.0027
1 0.0667 0.9373 0.9372 0.9999
h1  f ' 5/60 0 0.0833 1 0.9978 0.9978
 0.997  0.0604( )  0.013( c ) (15)
h b fy 0.5 0.0833 0.9631 0.9676 1.0047
0.634 0.0833 0.955 0.9595 1.0047
The calculated results from this equation are shown in Table
(4) and Fig (1). 0.724 0.0833 0.95 0.9541 1.0043
1 0.0833 0.936 0.9374 1.0015
The above equation can be written in another way:
6/60 0 0.1 1 0.9980 0.9980
h1   h A CI (16) 0.5 0.1 0.9628 0.9678 1.0052
0.634 0.1 0.9547 0.9597 1.0053
Where (α) is the correction factor including the effect of
0.724 0.1 0.9495 0.9543 1.0050
reinforcement amount and material strengths.
1 0.1 0.9352 0.9376 1.0026
'
 f 9/75 0 0.12 1 0.9983 0.9983
  [0.997  0.0604( )  0.013( c )] (17)
b fy 0.5 0.12 0.9714 0.9681 0.9966
0.7 0.12 0.9618 0.9560 0.9940
or can be written as, 0.8 0.12 0.9572 0.9500 0.9924
1 0.12 0.9493 0.9379 0.9880
 f '
h1  [0.997  0.0604( )  0.013( c )] hACI (18) 9/60 0 0.15 1 0.9987 0.9987
b fy
0.5 0.15 0.9622 0.9685 1.0065
The corrected total depth can be expressed in another form: 0.634 0.15 0.954 0.9604 1.0067
0.724 0.15 0.9487 0.9549 1.0066
L
h1  (19) 1 0.15 0.9343 0.9383 1.0042
N 12/75 0 0.16 1 0.9988 0.9988
Where (N) is constant depend on the support condition as 0.5 0.16 0.9685 0.9686 1.0001
shown in Table (1), and (L) is the span of the member. 0.7 0.16 0.9581 0.9565 0.9983
General equation in the form of Eq. (17) is suggested to 0.8 0.16 0.9533 0.9505 0.9970
determine the correction factor (β) in term of the same
1 0.16 0.944 0.9384 0.9941
variables (  /  b and f c' / f y ) as shown below:
St.Dv. = 0.0209
' Correl.= 0.9781
 f
  1.00384  0.0595( )  0.0048( c ) (20) Var.= 0.0004
b fy 1.00005
Ravg.=

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Mereen H. Fahmi et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(9), September 2020, 5571 – 5580

The results obtained from Eq. (20) shown very good Table 5: Modification Factor
correlation as shown in Fig. (2) and Table (5). According to
the above results and equations, the modified depth-span ratio
is determined for beams and slabs for different types of
boundary conditions (simply supported, fixed ended, propped 3/60 0 0.05 1.0000 1.0041 1.0041
and cantilevers) as shown in Tables 6 and 7. 0.5 0.05 1.0331 1.0338 1.0008
0.634 0.05 1.0410 1.0418 1.0008
The following examples are solved to check and verify the
0.724 0.05 1.0460 1.0472 1.0011
modified equations, in all examples the results are very close,
where the moment of inertia for the section with reinforcement 1 0.05 1.0604 1.0636 1.0030
and new modified depth is exactly equal to the original section 4/60 0 0.0667 1.0000 1.0042 1.0042
without reinforcement with depth according to ACI-Code 0.5 0.0667 1.0371 1.0339 0.9969
limitations. 0.634 0.0667 1.0457 1.0419 0.9964
0.724 0.0667 1.0512 1.0472 0.9962
1 0.0667 1.0669 1.0637 0.9970
5/60 0 0.0833 1.0000 1.0042 1.0042
0.5 0.0833 1.0383 1.0340 0.9958
1.00 0.634 0.0833 1.0471 1.0420 0.9951
0.724 0.0833 1.0526 1.0473 0.9950
0.98 1 0.0833 1.0684 1.0637 0.9957
h/ho (Cal.)

0.96 6/60 0 0.1 1.0000 1.0043 1.0043

0.5 0.1 1.0386 1.0341 0.9956
0.94 0.634 0.1 1.0474 1.0420 0.9948
0.92 0.724 0.1 1.0532 1.0474 0.9945
1 0.1 1.0693 1.0638 0.9949
0.90 9/75 0 0.12 1.0000 1.0044 1.0044
0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 0.5 0.12 1.0294 1.0342 1.0046
h/ho 0.7 0.12 1.0397 1.0461 1.0061
0.8 0.12 1.0447 1.0520 1.0070
1 0.12 1.0534 1.0639 1.0100
Figure 1: Calculated ( from equation (17) 9/60 0 0.15 1.0000 1.0046 1.0046
0.5 0.15 1.0393 1.0343 0.9952
0.634 0.15 1.0482 1.0423 0.9943
0.724 0.15 1.0541 1.0476 0.9939
1 0.15 1.0703 1.0641 0.9942
12/75 0 0.16 1.0000 1.0046 1.0046
0.5 0.16 1.0325 1.0344 1.0018
0.7 0.16 1.0437 1.0463 1.0024
0.8 0.16 1.0490 1.0522 1.0031
1 0.16 1.0593 1.0641 1.0045
0.0221
0.9778
0.0005
1.00003

Figure 2: Calculated from equation (20)

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Mereen H. Fahmi et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(9), September 2020, 5571 – 5580

Table 6: Modified minimum Span-Depth ratio for Beams Table 7: Modified minimum Span-Depth ratio for Slabs

21 28 35 42 63 63 84 21 28 35 42 63 63 84
420 420 420 420 525 420 525 420 420 420 420 525 420 525

Simply supported beam Simply supported beam

0 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

0.5 16.52 16.59 16.61 16.61 16.47 16.62 16.52 0.5 20.66 20.74 20.76 20.77 20.58 20.78 20.65

0.634 16.65 16.73 16.75 16.75 16.63 16.77 16.7 0.634 20.82 20.91 20.94 20.94 20.79 20.96 20.87

0.724 16.73 16.81 16.84 16.85 16.71 16.86 16.78 0.724 20.92 21.02 21.05 21.06 20.89 21.08 20.98

1 16.96 17.07 17.09 17.10 16.85 17.12 16.94 1 21.20 21.33 21.36 21.38 21.06 21.40 21.18

Fixed ended beam Fixed ended beam

0 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 0 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
0.5 21.69 21.78 21.80 21.81 21.61 21.82 21.68 0.5 28.92 29.04 29.07 29.08 28.82 29.1 28.91
0.634 21.86 21.96 21.99 21.99 21.83 22.01 21.92 0.634 29.14 29.28 29.31 29.32 29.11 29.35 29.22
0.724 21.96 22.07 22.10 22.11 21.93 22.13 21.02 0.724 29.28 29.43 29.47 29.48 29.25 29.51 29.37
1 22.26 22.40 22.43 22.45 22.12 22.47 22.24 1 29.69 29.87 29.91 29.94 29.49 29.96 29.66

Propped beam Propped beam

0 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 0 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

0.5 19.11 19.18 19.20 19.21 19.04 19.22 19.10 0.5 24.79 24.89 24.92 24.92 24.70 24.94 24.78

0.634 19.25 19.34 19.37 19.37 19.23 19.39 19.30 0.634 24.98 25.09 25.13 25.13 24.95 25.15 25.05

0.724 19.35 19.44 19.47 19.48 19.32 19.5 19.40 0.724 25.10 25.28 25.26 25.27 25.07 25.29 25.17

1 19.61 19.73 19.76 19.78 19.48 19.80 19.59 1 25.45 25.60 25.64 25.66 25.28 25.68 25.42

Cantilever beam Cantilever beam

0 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

0.5 8.26 8.29 8.30 8.30 8.23 8.31 8.26 0.5 10.33 10.37 10.38 10.38 10.29 10.39 10.32

0.634 8.32 8.36 8.37 8.38 8.31 8.38 8.35 0.634 10.41 10.45 10.47 10.47 10.39 10.48 10.43

0.724 8.36 8.41 8.42 8.42 8.35 8.43 8.39 0.724 10.46 10.51 10.52 10.53 10.44 10.54 10.49

1 8.48 8.53 8.54 8.55 8.42 8.56 8.47 1 10.60 10.66 10.68 10.69 10.53 10.70 10.59

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Mereen H. Fahmi et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(9), September 2020, 5571 – 5580

3. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 0.5  0.7225( n  1) 

Check ψ from Eq. (11)   0.5507
1  0.25( n  1) 
3.1 A Simply supported beam, with length (L = 6 ).
'
Concrete compressive strength ( f c = 28 ), steel yielding Total moment of inertia
strength ( f y = 420 ) and cross section width (b = 200 bh 3 h
  bh ( y  ) 2  ( n  1) A s (d  y ) 2
). 12 2
 878105564.3 mm 4 this value is very close to the
Section without Reinforcements: minimum depth according to
section without reinforcement
ACI-Code = L /16 = 375mm
I (   b ) 878105564.6
bh 3   0.999  1.0
Ig   878, 906, 25 0m m 4 I (   0) 878906250
12

For applied load w =15 bh 3

I0   723810264.6 mm 4
12
Maximum central deflection I
5wL 4    total  1.21317
 max   11.506 mm ; max  0.00192 I0
384 EI L
Check λ from Eq. (13)
L  1  12(  0.5) 2  10.2( n  1)  (0.85  ) 2  1.21317
 max   16.667mm
Which is less than 360 o.k.

The original depth equals 375mm for section without

Section with Reinforcements:   b , b = 200 mm reinforcement. The modified depth equal to 351.5mm for
section with reinforcement (   b )

f c' 0.003
b  0.251  0.0285 h
f y 0.003   y The ratio  0.9373 , by using Eq.(17);
h1

From Table (6);  1.0 and f c' = 28 ; h  f c'
b    [0.997  0.0604( )  0.013( )]
h1 b fy
L
hmin   351.5 mm
17.07
 f c' 28
For  1.0 and  ;   0.9372 which is
E 200000 b f y 420
n s   8; n  1  7
 c 4730 28 exactly equal to that obtained before.

Take d  0.85h  298.775 mm

3.2 Fixed-ended beam; with length (L = 7m). Concrete
2 '
As  bd  1703.0175 mm compressive strength ( f c = 21 ), steel yielding strength
( f y = 420 ), applied load w =30 KN/m,  /  b  0.5 ,
Neutral axis depth
cross section width (b = 300 ).
h
bh ( )  (n  1)As d
y  2  193.587 mm , Section without Reinforcements:
bh  (n  1)As
minimum depth according to ACI-Code =
y L
   0.5507  333.333 mm
h 21

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Mereen H. Fahmi et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(9), September 2020, 5571 – 5580

bh 3 Ig
Ig   925923148.2 m m 4   1.10223
12 I0

Es Check
E c  4730 21  21675.583 MPa ; n   9.227
Ec   1  12(  0.5) 2  10.2( n  1)  (0.25  ) 2  1.104

wL 4
 max   9.346 mm ; 3.3 A propped beam; with length (L = 8m). Concrete
384 EI '
compressive strength ( f c = 42 ), steel yielding strength
 max 1
 0.001335  ( f y = 420 ), applied load w = 50 KN/m,   t , cross
L 360
section width (b = 300 ).
Section with Reinforcements:
Section without Reinforcements:
1
 b , b= 300 minimum depth according to ACI-Code
2 L
hmin   432.432 mm
' 18.5
From Table (6); and f c = 21 ;
L bh 3
hmin   322.67 mm Ig   2021591866 m m 4
21.694 12
Take d  0.85h  274.27 mm E c  4730 21  30653.9035 MPa; n  6.5245
21 0.003
b  0.85(0.85)( )  0.021376 wL 4
420
420 0.003  200000  max   17.864 mm ;
185EI
b  max 1
  0.010688  0.002233 
2 L 360
y  169.19mm  0.52434h
Section with Reinforcements:
0.5  0.7225( n  1) 
Check    0.52434   t , 1  0.75
1  0.25( n  1) 
f c 0.003
bh 3 t  0.851  0.0239;   0.0239
I0   839877169.5 mm 4 f y 0.003  0.004
12
f c 0.003
4 b  0.851  0.0377; (n  1)   0.132
I g  925737360 mm which is very close to the section f y 0.003   y
without reinforcement.

I g  0.9998 I g (   0) L
From table (6); h min   412.84 mm
19.378
Check
h1 21 412.84
 0.9967  0.0604(0.5)  0.013( )  0.9672   0.9547
h 420 432.432
h1 322.67 0.5  0.7225( n  1) 
  0.968 Check;    0.5353
h 333.333 1  0.25( n  1) 

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Mereen H. Fahmi et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(9), September 2020, 5571 – 5580

bh 3 468
I0   1760702800 mm 4   0.936
12 500

I g  2021949326 mm 4 d  0.25h  397.8

Check;
I g  1.000177 I g (   0) 35
  0.9967  0.0604(1)  0.013( )  0.9374 which
420
Ig is very close to that obtained above.
  1.1483
I0
y  258.42  0.552 h
Check
  1  12(  0.5) 2  10.2( n  1)  (0.25  ) 2  1.1483 0.5  0.7225( n  1) 
Check;    0.552
1  0.25( n  1) 

bh 3
I0   2135484000 mm 4
3.4 Cantilever beam; with length (L= 4m). Concrete 12
'
compressive strength ( f c = 35 ), steel yielding strength
I g  2603469471 mm 4 which is very close to the
( f y = 420 ), applied load w = 20 KN/m,   b , cross
original section
section width (b = 250 ).
I g  0.9997 I g (   0)
Section without Reinforcements:

minimum depth according to ACI-Code Ig

L   1.219147
hmin   500 mm I0
8
Check
bh 3   1  12(  0.5) 2  10.2( n  1)  (0.25  ) 2  1.219148
Ig   260416666.7 m m 4
12

E c  4730 35  27983.06 MPa ; n  7.1472 4. CONCLUSION

1. A modification of the ACI code depth-span ratio is
wL 4
 1 suggested in this study to include the effect of
 max   8.7825 mm ; max  0.0022  reinforcement area in addition to the correction for
8EI L 360 concrete type and yielding strength of steel bars.
2. The correction factors ( ) are determined in
Section with Reinforcements:
term the reinforcement indices ratio (  /  b ) and the

   k , 1  0.8 material strengths ratio (f c' / f y ) .

3. The correction factor ( ) decreased with increasing the
f  0.003 value of the reinforcement indices ratio (  /  b ) for
b  0.851 c  0.03353;   b  0.03353
f y 0.003  fEy all values of (f c' / f y ) .
s

( n  1)   0.206116 4. The correction factor ( ) increased with increasing the

value of the reinforcement indices ratio (  /  b ) for

L all values of (f c' / f y ) .

From table (6); h min   468 mm
8.547

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Mereen H. Fahmi et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(9), September 2020, 5571 – 5580

5. Suitable equations are proposed to predict ( ) in Requirement of RCC slab in order to prevent
' undesirable Floor Vibration, International Journal
term of the variables (  /  b ) and (f / f y ) , and the
c of Advances in Michanical and Civil Engineering,
calculated results showed excellent correlation. vol. 13, issue 3, June, PP. 2394-2827, 2016.
6. Numerical examples are solved for simply supported,
fixed ended, propped and cantilever beams to verify the 13. A. Akmalludin, Effect of Tensile Reinforcement
proposed equation, the results shown very close results Ratio on the Effective Moment of Inertia of
between the original section without the reinforcement Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Beams for Short
Term Deflection Calculation, ITB Journal of
and modified section with specified reinforcement.
Engineering Science, vol. 43, No. 3, pp.209-226,
2011.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to thank Erbil Polytechnic University for the 14. J.C.M. Ho, A. K. H. Kwan and H.J. Pam, Minimum
support during conducting this study. flexural ductility design of high-strength concrete
columns, Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 56,
No. 1, Febriuary, pp. 13-22, 2014.
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