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    Fire Introduction-Dardasha

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    jiguparmar20094903
    The document discusses fire safety regulations for workplaces, noting that employers must conduct a fire risk assessment, provide fire detection and alarm systems, means of escape, fire safety signs, firefighting equipment, and staff training. It emphasizes that the fire risk assessment should be conducted by a competent person with the proper skills, experience, and training. The document also provides guidelines for what to do in the event of a potential firefighter strike, such as reviewing fire hazards and precautions.

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    Fire Introduction-Dardasha

    Uploaded by

    jiguparmar20094903
    58 views75 pages
    The document discusses fire safety regulations for workplaces, noting that employers must conduct a fire risk assessment, provide fire detection and alarm systems, means of escape, fire safety signs, firefighting equipment, and staff training. It emphasizes that the fire risk assessment should be conducted by a competent person with the proper skills, experience, and training. The document also provides guidelines for what to do in the event of a potential firefighter strike, such as reviewing fire hazards and precautions.

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    Fire Introduction-dardasha

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    The document discusses fire safety regulations for workplaces, noting that employers must conduct a fire risk assessment, provide fire detection and alarm systems, means of escape, fire safety signs, firefighting equipment, and staff training. It emphasizes that the fire risk assessment should be conducted by a competent person with the proper skills, experience, and training. The document also provides guidelines for what to do in the event of a potential firefighter strike, such as reviewing fire hazards and precautions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views75 pages

    Fire Introduction-Dardasha

    Uploaded by

    jiguparmar20094903
    The document discusses fire safety regulations for workplaces, noting that employers must conduct a fire risk assessment, provide fire detection and alarm systems, means of escape, fire safety signs, firefighting equipment, and staff training. It emphasizes that the fire risk assessment should be conducted by a competent person with the proper skills, experience, and training. The document also provides guidelines for what to do in the event of a potential firefighter strike, such as reviewing fire hazards and precautions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 75

    Dr.

    Walid Abdelghaffar
    Mech. Eng. Dept.,
    Alexandria University,
    Alexandria 21544, Egypt
    [email protected]
    Phone : 002 010 466 70 22
    How
    How is
    is Fire
    Fire Produced
    Produced ??

    • Fire is Produced: Whenever three


    elements (Fuel, Oxygen, Heat)
    combine in the proper proportions

    • Fire Triangle n

    He
    yge

    at
    Ox

    Fuel
    A Movie on:
    Fire Hazards
    A 14-minute Movie
    (Fire Risk Assessment)
    Workplace
    Workplace Regulations
    Regulations of
    of
    Fire
    Fire Precautions
    Precautions
    They require employers to;
    • Carry out a fire risk assessment
    • Accordingly, provide and maintain:
    – Means for Detection & Alarm
    – Means of escape
    – Fire safety signs
    – Firefighting equipment
    Workplace
    Workplace Regulations
    Regulations of
    of
    Fire
    Fire Precautions
    Precautions

    • Monitor and review the RA & revise


    • Inform staff or their representatives.
    • Plan for an emergency
    • Provide staff information and training
    • Nominate persons to assist
    Workplace
    Workplace Regulations
    Regulations of
    of
    Fire
    Fire Precautions
    Precautions

    Important: Who should do assessment ?

    Answer: A competent Person .., ??


    Having SET

    (having Skills, Experience & Sufficient Training)


    A 10-minute Movie
    (Fire Action Plan)
    In
    In Preparation
    Preparation for
    for Strike
    Strike Action
    Action
    • In the event of industrial action being taken by the firefighters, a
    nominated responsible person should review the fire risk
    assessment
    • Particular attention should be paid to the following aspects of the
    assessment:
    1. Identifying the fire hazards which may be:-
    – The possibility of arson attacks
    – Machinery and electrical appliances
    – equipment
    – The use of smoking materials
    – Secure storage of flammables
    – Work processes and storage
    – Heat sources and hot work processes
    In
    In Preparation
    Preparation for
    for Strike
    Strike Action
    Action
    2. Identifying persons at risk
    – Employees within the premises
    – Visitors/Contractors and members of the
    public who may be unfamiliar with the
    premises
    – Persons with other special needs
    In
    In Preparation
    Preparation for
    for Strike
    Strike Action
    Action
    3.Review existing fire precautions
    – Ensure that the means of escape from buildings are
    unobstructed and readily available
    – Ensure that fire alarm and emergency lighting systems are well
    maintained
    – Carefully consider how you will evacuate occupants in the event
    of a fire
    – Ensure that firefighting equipment is well maintained and readily
    available
    In
    In Preparation
    Preparation for
    for Strike
    Strike Action
    Action
    4.Take preventative measures
    – Ensure that all employees are trained and know what
    to do in the event of fire occurring
    – Undertake evacuation procedures for the premises at
    regular intervals
    – Consider the use of fire patrols to minimise the
    effects of any fire that occurs
    In
    In Preparation
    Preparation for
    for Strike
    Strike Action
    Action
    5. Fire Alarm Systems
    If your fire alarm operates during the threatened
    industrial action, please react as follows:-
    – Immediately the fire alarm sounds, put into action your
    normal evacuation routine
    – Unless it is obvious that there is a fire, investigate the source
    of the alarm to establish if it is a fire or a false alarm
    – If there is no fire and no suspicion of a fire then the building
    should be reoccupied.
    – Under these circumstances, do not call the fire brigade
    In
    In Preparation
    Preparation for
    for Strike
    Strike Action
    Action

    – When your fire alarm signal is received by the Alarm


    Receiving Centre (ARC), they may telephone you to
    establish whether there is a fire or whether it was a
    false alarm.
    – As the ARC will pass calls to the fire brigade as
    ‘unconfirmed’ during the dispute, it will be your
    responsibility to ensure that there are staff on the
    premises at all times to investigate any automatic fire
    alarms that might occur and call the brigade as
    necessary.
    In
    In Preparation
    Preparation for
    for Strike
    Strike Action
    Action
    – If the premises are not continuously occupied, ensure
    that the ARC has up-to- date information on the
    keyholders, as they will attempt to contact them to
    investigate any fire signal they receive.
    – Continue to operate this procedure until the industrial
    action comes to an end.
    In
    In Preparation
    Preparation for
    for Strike
    Strike Action
    Action

    To help to achieve the required degree of


    fire safety within your premises, it is
    recommended that:-
    – You have adequately trained and empowered the
    person designated as the “Responsible Person” for
    the fire alarm system
    What is Wrong with This
    Picture ?
    Subject to damage
    from other activities in
    the vicinity

    Electrical cord in
    Cylinder laying Contact with the
    in a horizontal cylinder
    position.
    Chain

    Cylinders are not protected from falling. Note


    that the Chain is not secured across.
    Electrical
    Cord

    1. Cylinder not secured 2. Cylinder should be stored


    3. Subject to damage. 4. Electrical cord draped over.
    1. Small cylinder not tied off
    2. Combustibles stored with cylinders

    3. Bad housekeeping

    4. Acetylene and Oxygen stored


    too close together and no chain.
    1. Cylinder with no valve or cap installed 2. Laying horizontal on the ground
    3. Subject to damage
    Electrical arc
    damage

    Cylinder is damaged. Should be taken out of service immediately!


    Cylinder should be in storage protected from damage and not
    laying on the ground regardless if it is full or empty
    Old, corroded cylinder that should have been disposed
    of a long time ago.
    Forklift

    1. Cylinders laying on the ground and improperly stored


    2. Subject to damage from forklift operation in vicinity
    1. Feed line exposed to damage/leak that could cause a fire/explosion
    2. Tripping Hazard
    1. Inadequate housekeeping
    2. Valve caps should be installed.
    Acetylene
    Cylinder

    1. Unsecured acetylene cylinder 2. Exposed to damage


    Unsecured cylinders
    Regulator left pressurized after use
    Improper Storage
    Tie Off?
    Improper storage of
    cylinders- acetylene
    and oxygen stored
    next to each other
    Evidence of smoking next to
    acetylene cylinders
    This cylinder should be taken to storage and
    housekeeping should be improved.
    Unsecured
    cylinder
    Unsecured Cylinder
    Cooking equipment
    within 20 ft
    of containers
    Not Tied Tied
    Not in use.
    No cap installed
    Should be
    Stored.

    Housekeeping
    Cylinder not in use
    with regulators still
    On the cylinder Free standing
    cylinder
    Free standing
    cylinder
    Free standing cylinders

    Chain
    Cylinder
    tied only
    With a bungee
    cord
    Cylinders not
    Secured properly
    Free standing
    Exposed to damage
    cylinders
    From construction
    Activities in area
    Free standing
    cylinders
    Where Fires Occur
    • 1,795,000 fires in the United States in
    1997. Of these:
    40% were Outside Fires
    31% were Structure Fires
    22% were Vehicle Fires
    7 % were fires of other types
    • Fires in the home most often start in
    the:
    Kitchen 29%
    Bedroom 13%
    Living Room 7%
    Chimney 5%
    Laundry Area 4%
    59
    Causes of Fires and Fire
    Death
    • Cooking is the leading cause of home fires & injuries in the
    U.S. Cooking fires often result from unattended cooking and
    human error, rather than mechanical failure of stoves or ovens.
    • Careless smoking is the leading cause of fire deaths.
    Smoke alarms and smolder-resistant bedding and upholstered
    furniture are significant fire deterrents.
    • Heating is the second leading cause of residential fires and
    ties with arson as the second leading cause of fire deaths.
    However, heating fires are a larger problem in single family
    homes than in apartments. Unlike apartments, the heating
    systems in single family homes are often not professionally
    maintained.
    • Arson is the third leading cause of residential fires and the
    second leading cause of residential fire deaths. In commercial
    properties, arson is the major cause of deaths, injuries, and
    dollar loss. 60
    Who is Most at Risk?
    • Senior citizens and children under the age of five have
    the greatest risk of fire death.
    • The fire death risk among seniors is more than double
    the average population.
    • The fire death risk for children under age five is nearly
    double the risk of the average population.
    • Children under the age of ten accounted for an
    estimated 18 percent of all fire deaths in 1995.
    • Over 30 percent of the fires that kill young children
    are started by children playing with fire.
    • Men die or are injured in fires twice as often as
    women.
    61
    Fire Safety - Off-the-Job
    • Do not trap electrical cords next to the wall where heat can
    build up.
    • Take extra care when using portable heaters. Keep
    combustible items at least 3 feet away.
    • Only use lab-approved (UL) electric blankets & warmers.
    • Check your smoke detectors routinely and change batteries,
    at a minimum annually. Replace if > 10 years old.
    • Never Smoke in Bed!

    62
    Fire Safety - On-the-Job
    • Keep flammables away from ignition sources
    • Utilize flammable storage cabinets
    • Know your chemical properties
    • Do not block fire extinguishers with equipment
    • Do not overload outlets - use a track plug
    • Practice good housekeeping techniques in the
    lab/office/work area
    • Inspect wires for possible damage and replace as needed

    63
    Evacuation Planning - Off-the-
    Job
    • Make sure everyone in your family knows and
    practices escape routes from every room in your
    home.
    • Remember to escape first, know how to notify the
    fire department, and when to call for help.
    • Never open doors that are hot to the touch.
    • Teach your family to stop, drop to the ground and
    roll if their clothes catch fire.
    • Designate a meeting place outside. Try to make it a
    location away from your home, but not necessarily
    across the street.
    • Teach your family to never re-enter a burning
    building. 64
    Evacuation Planning - On-the-Job
    • Know the way out from your work area.
    • Know the location of the closest manual fire alarm station.
    • Know the location of the closest fire extinguisher.
    • In the event of a fire in a lab or work area dial the
    emergency number, evacuate the location or pull the
    manual fire alarm station.
    • Review the location of the meeting place for the group in
    the event of a building evacuation.
    • Utilize a check sheet to ensure everyone is accounted for.
    This re-emphasizes the importance of communication
    between team members.
    65
    Prevention

    • Prevention is based on
    eliminating or minimizing
    one of the components
    of the “Fire Triangle”.
    Prevention
    • Other fire prevention
    methods include:
    – Heat and/or smoke
    detectors.
    – Automatic fire sprinkler
    systems.
    – Kitchen hood systems.
    – Building codes and
    materials.
    – Flame retardant
    furnishings and materials.
    Evacuation
    • Primary and secondary
    evacuation routes
    should be established,
    and all employees
    should be drilled to use
    either route.
    • Exits should be clearly
    marked and all signs lit
    and unobstructed.
    Remember to RACE during
    a fire
    • R escue – rescue clients in immediate
    danger.
    • A lert – yell out “Code Red”/”Fire” (or
    whatever your facility implementing procedure dictates), pull
    fire alarm, dial emergency phone
    number.
    • C ontain – Close all doors and windows.
    • E xtinguish/Evacuate – Extinguish small
    fires, evacuate clients, if appropriate.
    Fire Extinguishers
    • Remember this easy acronym when using
    an extinguisher - P.A.S.S.

    • Pull the pin.


    • Aim the nozzle.
    • Squeeze the handle.
    • Sweep side to side at the base of
    the fire.
    • NOTE: If, when using a fire extinguisher, the fire is
    physically larger than you can safely handle, evacuate
    the area and notify others by activating the
    emergency pull station and call emergency number.
    Remember the Following
    • All Juveniles shall be
    instructed in emergency
    evacuation plans.
    • Smoking is prohibited in all
    state buildings and vehicles.
    • Staff may smoke only outside the
    buildings in designated areas.
    • The use of portable heating
    devices is prohibited in
    residential areas
    CONFINED SPACE
    Hazardous Materials
    THE END
    Dr. Walid Abdelghaffar
    Mech. Eng. Dept.,
    Alexandria University,
    Alexandria 21544, Egypt
    [email protected]
    Phone : 002 010 466 70 22

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