PART II

Lesson Six
Text: "A Canary for One" by E. Hemingway1
Grammar: The Gerund
A Canary For One
The train passed very quickly a long, red-stone house with a garden and four thick palm trees with
tables under them in the shade. On the other side was the sea, which was seen only occasionally and far
below against the rocks.
"I bought him in Palermo,2" the American lady said. "We only had an hour and it was Sunday
morning. The man wanted to be paid in dollars and I gave him a dollar and a half. He really sings very beau-
tifully."
It was very hot in the train and it was very hot in the compartment. No breeze came through the open
window. The American lady pulled the window-blind down and there was no more sea, even occasionally.
On the other side there was glass, then the corridor, then trees and flat fields of grapes, with grey-stone hills
behind them.
Coming into Marseilles3 the train slowed down and followed one track through many others into the
station. The train stayed twenty-five minutes in the station at Marseilles and the American lady bought a
copy of the Daily Mail4. She walked a little way along the station platform, but she stayed near the steps of
the car because at Cannes,5 where it stopped for twelve minutes, the train had left with no signal of departure
and she had only gotten6 on just in time. The American lady was a little deaf and she was afraid that perhaps
signals of departure were given and that she did not hear them.
After it was dark the train was in Avignon. 7 People got on and off. At the news-stand Frenchmen,
returning to Paris, bought that day's French papers.
Inside the compartment the porter had pulled down the three beds from inside the wall and prepared
them for sleeping. In the night the American lady lay without sleeping because the train was a rapide 8 and
went very fast and she was afraid of the speed in the night. The
American lady's bed was the one next to the window. The canary from Palermo, a cloth spread over
his cage, was cut of the draught in the corridor that went into the compartment washroom. There was a blue
light outside the compartment, and all night the train went fast and the American lady lay awake and waited
for a wreck.
In the morning the train was near Paris, and after the American lady had come out of the washroom,
looking very wholesome and middle-aged and American in spite of not having slept, and had taken the cloth
off the bird cage and hung the cage in the sun, she went to the restaurant car lor breakfast. When she came
back to the compartment again, the beds had been pushed back into the wall and made into seats, the canary
was shaking his feathers in the sunlight that came through the open window, and the train was much nearer
Paris.
"He loves the sun," the American lady said. "He'll sing now in a little while. I've always loved birds.
I'm taking him home to my little girl. There — he's singing now."
The train crossed a river and passed through a very beautifully tended forest. The train passed through
many outside of Paris towns. There were tram-cars in the towns and big advertisements en the walls toward
the train. For several minutes I had not listened to the American lady, who was talking to my wife.
"Is your husband American too?" asked the lady.
"Yes," said my wife. "We're both Americans."
"I thought you were English."
"Oh, no."
"I'm so glad you're Americans. American men make the best husbands," the American lady was
saying. "That was why we left the Continent,9 you know. My daughter fell in love with a man in Vevey. 10"
She stopped. "They were simply madly in love." She stopped again. "I took her away, of course."
"Did she get over it?" asked my wife.
"I don't think so," said the American lady. "She wouldn't eat anything and she doesn't seem to take an
interest in anything. She doesn't care about things. I couldn't have her marrying a foreigner."" She paused.
"Someone, a very good friend, told me once, "No foreigner can make an American girl a good husband."
"No," said my wife, "I suppose not."
The train was now coming into Paris. There were many cars standing on tracks — brown wooden
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 PART II
restaurant cars and brown wooden sleeping cars that would go to Italy at five o'clock that night; the cars
were marked Paris—Rome, and cars, with seats on the roofs, that went back and forth to the suburbs with, at
certain hours, people in all the seats and on the roofs.
"Americans make the best husbands," the American lady said to my wife. I was getting down the bags.
"American men are the only men in the world to marry."
"How long ago did you leave Vevey?" asked my wife.
"Two years ago this fall.12 It's her,'you know, that I'm taking the canary to."
"Was the man your daughter was in love with a Swiss?"13
"Yes," said the American lady. "He was from a very good family in Vevey. He was going to be an
engineer. They met there in Vevey. They used to go for long walks together."
"I know Vevey," said my wife. "We were there on our honey-moon."
"Were you really? That must have been lovely. I had no idea, of course that she'd fall in love with
him."
"It was a. very lovely place," said my wife.
"Yes," said the American lady. "Isn't it lovely? Were you there in the fall?"
"Yes," said my wife.
We were passing three cars that had been in a wreck.
"Look," I said. "There's been a wreck."
The American lady looked and saw the last car. "I was afraid of just that all night," she said. "I'll never
travel on a rapide again at night. There must be other comfortable trains that don't go so fast."
The train was in the dark of the Gare de Lyons, 14 and then stopped and porters came up to the
windows. I handed the bags through the windows, and we were out on the platform, and the American lady
put herself in charge of one of three men from Cook's 15 who said: "Just a moment, madam, and I'll look for
your name."
The porter brought a truck and piled on the luggage, and my wife said good-bye and I said good-bye to
the American lady.
We followed the porter with the truck down the long cement platform beside the train. At the end was
a gate and a man took the tickets.
We were returning to Paris to set up separate residences.16

NOTES
1. Ernest Hemingway, American writer, born in 1899 in Oak Park near Chicago. He first went to
Europe during World War I, where his experiences gave him material for such of his works as "Men
Without Women" (1928) and "A Farewell to Arms" (1929). In the twenties he attended the Genoa and the
Lausanne conferences as correspondent. He was also correspondent in Spain during the 1936— 37 Civil
War where he wrote "The Fifth Column". In 1939 he settled down in Cuba where he wrote "For Whom the
Bell Tolls" about the Spanish Civil War. In 1944 he was sent as war correspondent to London.
In 1952 he won Pulitzer Prize for "The Old Man and the Sea" and in 1954 he got the Nobel Prize for
literature. Hemingway died in 1961.
2. Palermo: the largest city and port of Sicily
3. Marseilles: a seaport in southeastern France on the Mediterranean
4. the Daily Mail: an English conservative newspaper
5. Cannes: a resort in the Riviera, southeastern France, famous also for the Film Festivals held there
every year
6. gotten (Am. Е.): got
7. Avignon: a city in southern France, on the Rhone
8. rapide (Fr.): a fast train
9. the Continent: all of Europe except the British Isles.
10. Vevey: a town in Switzerland on the Lake of Geneva
11. the construction can't (couldn't, shan't, won't) have smb do/doing smth in a negative context
has the meaning of разрешать, допускать, терпеть
e.g. I won't have you say (saying) things like that.
12. fall (Am. E.): autumn
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 PART II
13. Swiss: a native of Switzerland; швейцарец
14. Gare de Lyons: the Paris terminus (ж.д. конечная станция) of the Paris-Lyons Mediterranean
railway line
15. Cook's: Thomas Cook (1808—1892) English tourist agent, founder of the Thomas Cook and Son,
a travelling agency that helps tourists to make tours of Europe and the American continent (since 1864) and
provides them with hotel accommodations
16. to set up separate residences: to set up different homes; (here) to arrange a divorce ... чтобы
начать дело о разводе
VOCABULARY
occasion n событие (торжественное, печальное и т.п.); случай; повод; подходящий момент a
great (happy, sad, particular, fitting, proper, etc.) occasion. Did he mark the occasion? This is not an occa -
sion for laughter (joking, etc.). I met him on several occasions. The suit will do for all occasions. Phr. on
the occasion of (one's birthday, graduation, smb's arrival, etc.) по случаю, в честь (дня рождения и т.п.);
occasional a случающийся время от времени an occasional visitor (letter, talk, quarrel, etc.); occasionally
adu время от времени, изредка They met but occasionally.
against prep на фоне чего-л, по сравнению с кем-л, чем-л The house was dark against the snow.
There is a marked rise in this year's export figures against last year's.
flat a 1. плоский, ровный, гладкий a flat nose (chest, etc.) 2. скучный, однообразный; пресный,
выдохшийся (о пище, напитке) a flat joke (story, life, voice, etc.); flat food (wine, beer, etc.) 3. категори-
ческий отказ a flat refusal; Phr. fall flat (lit. & fig.) упасть плашмя; не иметь успеха Не fell flat on the
ground. Their efforts fell flat.
depart и і отходить (о поезде и т.п.); уходить, отклоняться (от темы и т.п.) What platform will the
train depart from? to depart from the subject (point, etc.); departure n отъезд; отправление, отплытие
in spite of=despite prep несмотря на They accepted the goods in spite of late delivery.
charge n 1. забота, попечение, заведывание to be in charge of an office (a department, the work, etc.);
Phr. leave smb/smth in smb's charge оставлять кого-л, что-л на чье-л попечение; 2. цена; р1. расходы,
издержки They will pack your things for a small charge. What are the charges for a room and meals at this
hotel? Phr. free of charge бесплатно; charge 1. vt поручать, вверять to charge smb with a task (a mission,
etc.) 2. vi назначать, взимать цену How much do they charge for a room (repairing a TV set, etc.)
comfort n 1. комфорт, удобство She likes comfort. 2. утешение; поддержка (моральная) His letters
were a great comfort to her. comfort vt утешать, успокаивать Go and comfort her. She is upset, com-
fortable a 1. удобный, уютный a comfortable seat (chair, rccm, train, etc.); Are you, comfortable there?
Вам удобно? Phr. make oneself comfortable удобно расположиться, устроиться 2. утешительный,
успокоительный a comfortable thought (piece of news, etc.)
separate а отдельный, отдельно взятый; сссбый a separate country (part, room, sentence, etc.);
separate vtlvi отедлять(ся); разделяться); расходить(ся) England is separated from the Continent by the
English Channel. They separated two years ago. separately adv отделыно, по одному to travel (live, etc.)
separately. The matter was to be dealt with separately.

WORD COMBINATIONS
in the shade в тени (деревьев и т.п.)
make a good doctor (engineer, etc.) из него (ее и т.п.) выйдет хороший врач (инженер и т.п.)
fall in (out of) love with smb влюбиться в (разлюбить) кого-л.
get over a shock (a blow, a fright, a surprise, one's failure, etc.) пережить, прийти в себя,
оправиться после (удара, испуга и т.п.)

EXERCISES ON THE TEXT

Ex. 1. Answer the following questions.
1. How does the story begin? 2. What are the main characters of the story? 3. What was it like in the
train? 4. What did the American lady tell the author and his wife about her daughter? 5. Why did she buy a
canary for her daughter? 6. Why couldn't she have her daughter marry a foreigner? 7. What did the author's
wife remember of Vevey? 8. Why were the author and his wife returning to Paris?

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Ex. 2. Find in the text the English for:
а) 1. в тени; 2. платить долларами; 3. время от времени; 4. ровные поля; 5. газетный киоск; 6.
типичная американка средних лет; 7. солнечный свет; 8. рекламный плакат; 9. выйти замуж за
иностранца; 10. в определенные часы; 11. вверить себя чьим-л заботам; 12. проститься с кем-л; 13.
разъехаться на разные квартиры.
б) 1. в поезде; 2. купе вагона; 3. замедлить ход; 4. по одному из бесчисленных путей подойти к
вокзалу; 5. перрон; 6. подножка вагона; 7. сигнал отправления; 8. сесть в поезд; 9. сойти с поезда; 10.
проводник вагона; 11. откинуть койку; 12. идти на большой скорости; 13. крушение поезда; 14.
вагон-ресторан; 15. спальный вагон; 16. на вагонах были таблички «Париж—Рим»; 17. вагон
пригородного сообщения; 18. снимать багаж (с полки); 19. удобный поезд; 20. носильщик; 21.
тележка для багажа; 22. нагрузить багаж; 23. выход (в конце платформы); 24. билет.

Ex. 3. Give the four forms of the following verbs: cut, pay, sing, lie (лежать), shake, eat, sleep, say, set,
spread, speed, hang, travel, bring.

Ex. 4. Translate the following into English, use the construction: "can't (shan't, won' t) have smb do/doing
smth".
1. Я возражаю против того, чтобы вы вносили какие-либо изменения в наши планы в
последнюю минуту. 2. Нельзя допускать, чтобы он бросил занятия живописью. 3. Я не могу
допустить, чтобы вы взяли все заботы на себя. 4. Пойдемте и поговорим с ней. Нельзя допустить,
чтобы она распространяла подобные слухи. 5. Никто не разрешит вам говорить больше десяти минут
на собрании. 6. Нельзя допустить, чтобы он пошел на такой риск. Надо предупредить его об
опасности.

Ex. 5. Translate the following into English, use the construction,: "to make a (good, poor) painter, driver,
etc".
1. Он как раз тот человек, который нам нужен. Из него выйдет прекрасный руководитель
экспедиции, г.к. он и с людьми умеет работать и дело хорошо знает. 2. Чтобы из вас вышел хороший
специалист, вы, прежде всего, должны любить свою работу. 3. Из тебя никогда не получится
водителя, если ты не будешь хорошо знать правил уличного движения. 4. Из нее со временем выйдет
прекрасная учительница — посмотрите, как она терпелива и в то же время тверда со своими
младшими братьями и сестрами. 5. У него хорошее чувство цвета, у него задатки художника. 6. Он
никогда не будет таким хорошим охотником, каким был его отец: у него не хватает терпения. 7. Вряд
ли из нее получится хорошая спортсменка, она не уделяет достаточно времени ежедневным
тренировкам.

EXERCISES ON PREPOSITIONS AND ADVERBS

Ex. 6. Study the following phrases, a) recall the sentences in which they are used in the text, and b) use them
when retelling the text.in the shade (sun, etc.); against the rocks; to pay in dollars; in/on the train; slow
down; get on/off the train; next to; in/out of the draught; in spite of; in a little while; fall in/out of love with
smb; be in love; get over; interest in; at certain hours; in charge of; at the end of (the platform, corridor,
etc.).

Ex. 7. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs.

A. 1. Having been in the country ... only a couple ... months she very quickly got ... the language
difficulty. 2. His main interest lies ... research, don't charge him ... managerial work. 3. ... the two sis ters the
younger was a much better actress, always leaving the elder sister ... the shade. 4. The medicine ought to be
taken ... definite hours... a glass... warm milk. 5. Don't sit ... the draught, or you'll catch a cold. 6. ... spite ...
the early hour we found a restaurant already open and went ... ... a quick meal. 7. His report would have
been more ... the point if he hadn't gone ... details and hadn't departed ... the subject. 8. Though he was doing
his best to hide his feelings, it was obvious that he was very much ... love ... the girl. 9. The last time we met
was ... the occasion ... some family meeting. 10. It's all so sudden. I can't join the party, I'm not dressed ...
the occasion. 11. She got ... the shock ... a speed I never expected ... her. 12. The new model ... the car looks
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 PART II
much more beautiful ... the old model. 13. The little boy was left ... the charge ... his sister only ... one
occasion, and they both enjoyed themselves a lot. The day started and ended ... ice-cream, and no dinner. 14.
She took the new life ... its difficulties very hard, as she had always lived ... comfort. 15. This problem can't
be dealt ... separately ... the rest. 16. I must have my TV set repaired. Do you happen to know how much
they charge ... repairing this particular model?

B. ARRIVING... LONDON
The train was no longer going ... a great speed.
"We shall be ... London ... five minutes now," said Alban looking ... ... the window … the white smoke
... the engine ... the grey London sky.
The train slowed ... and followed one track ... many others ... the station. Alban put'... his hat and
took ... ... the racks the things; then he pulled the window ... and waved his arm ... a porter. The train
pulled ... ... the platform. A porter opened the deer and Alban handed him ... one suit-case ... another.
Then, ... his polite way, having jumped ... ... the platform, he gave his hand to Anne to help her ... . The
porter went to fetch a truck. When he came ... ... the truck, the luggage was piled ... it, and they followed the
porter ... the cement platform ... the gate.
When the taxi came, the luggage was placed next ... the driver. Alban gave the porter half-a-crown and
they drove ... .
(after "The Door of Opportunity" by W. S. Maugham)
Ex. 8. Give the English for the following phrases, using the preposition "with" in its different meanings. Use
the phrases in sentences of your own.
I. а) дом с садом; женщина с сумкой в руке; человек с портфелем; девушка с голубыми глазами;
б) с волнением в голосе; с удивлением во взгляде; говорить с акцентом.
II. а) вместе с товарищем; приехать с семьей; пooбедать с кем.л;
поиграть с собакой; пoехать за город с детьми;
б) говорить (беседовать, спорить, соглашаться) с кем-л; иметь дело (торговать, иметь
договоренность) с кем-л; подружиться (ладить, поссориться), с кем-л; влюбиться в кого-л.
III. а) писать ручкой (карандашом); резать ножом (ножницами); ударить молотком (камнем,
веслом); толкнуть плечом (ногой, рукой); наполнить водой; покрыть одеялом; украсить цветами;
б) сделать (построить) собственными руками.
IV. а) работать с энтузиазмом; наблюдать с интересом; говорить с раздражением; смотреть на
кого-л с восхищением (удивлением, безразличием);
б) быть вне себя от возбуждения; дрожать от холода; обезуметь от радости; побледнеть от
ужаса (ярости); покраснеть от стыда (гнева); ослабеть от голода; устать от шума; кричать от боли.
V. быть удовлетворенным (недовольным) результатами; быть сердитым (раздраженным) на
кого-л; быть разочарованным чем-л; потерять терпение с кем-л.

MISCELLANEOUS PHRASES
начать со вступления; закончить доклад словами благодарности; пожать кому-л руку; связаться
с кем-л по телефону; купить что-л на деньги; набить чемодан книгами; попасть в аварию; с самыми
добрыми намерениями; при всем желании; взять телеграмму дрожащими руками.

EXERCISES ON LEXICOLOGY
Ex. 9. Paraphrase the following sentences using an adjective with the suffix "-able (-ibie)". Make other
necessary changes.
M o d e l I: We were prepared to accept the terms offered. The terms offered were acceptable.
1. She was used to living in comfort. 2. There seems to be a lot of sense in his suggestion. 3. He says
that he has all the illnesses that one can only imagine. 4. Be careful with the vase, it's easy to break. 5. The
weather in England changes several times a day. 6. The old coal mine can still be worked. 7. My advice is
that you should get in touch with the manager. 8. The idea can be easily put into practice.

M o d e l II: I could hardly recognize him.

He was unrecognizable.
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 PART II
1. The child was difficult to manage. 2. I saw no reason in his demands. 3. He had no words to
describe the joy he felt. 4. The beer tastes flat, it's not fit to drink. 5. His sufferings were difficult to
imagine. 6. There is no possibility to get a ticket for the show. 7. There was no mistaking the pride with
which he spoke of his son. 8. The question had no answer. 9. His behaviour was impossible to explain.

Ex. 10. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the list: below. asleep, awake, alone, alike, ashamed,
alive
1. The pain in the leg kept her ... all night. 2. He settled down comfortably in an armchair and never
noticed how he fell... . 3. The two brothers were very much ... . 4. The noisy company had departed and he
was ... at last. 5. He was more dead than ... with fear. 6. He was ... of his behaviour.
Ex. 11. Give words of the same roots in Ukrainian. Compare the meaning.canary, palm (tree), breeze, platform, signal, comfortable, cement, separate, residence.

Ex. 12. Translate the following, using suitable phrasal verbs from the list below.
L I s t: to set up; to fill up; to keep up; to clear up; to cheer up; to turn up (2); toj make up; to take up (2); to
grow up; to wash-up;

1. Памятник герою был установлен на центральной площади города. 2. Бланк оказался

заполненным неправильно. 3. Часы пробили семь, пора было вставать. 4. Дети выросли, но все
еще часто обращались к родителям за практическим советом. 5. Когда он наконец появился,
обсуждение уже подходило к концу. 6. Случай, описанный в книге, не придуман. Все так и было на
самом деле. 7. Профессор почему-то настаивал, чтобы именно я занялся этой проблемой. 8. После
ужина она сразу же пошла на кухню помочь матери вымыть посуду. 9. Ей не хотелось вступать в
спор, не выяснив до конца всех подробностей дела. 10. Я несколько раз безуспешно пытался
завести с ним разговор на тему о моей будущей поездке. Он каждый раз отмалчивался. 11. Иногда
бывает достаточно одного слова, чтобы приободрить человека. 12. Наконец-то подвернулась
работа, которая полностью отвечала его вкусам. 13. Уметь поддержать разговор — большое
искусство.
VOCABULARY EXERCISES
Ex. 13. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in the correct form. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
to charge; charge (2); to comfort; comfort; comfortable; to depart (2); departure; flat (2); occasion (2);
occasional (2); occasionally; separate; uncomfortable (2).
1. The hotel gave excellent service at perfectly reasonable ... . 2. All his attempts to learn the truth
seemed to fall ... . 3. After the accident the car looked a poor sight and he wondered how much they would
be ... him for repairs. 4. He had paid the matter little attention, never giving it more than an ... thought. 5. It
was a small station where the trains arrived at and ... from the same platform. 6. I didn't see what was so
funny about it. To my mind it was no ... for laughter. 7. He was not to be allowed to ... from the point at any
price, for once started there would be no stopping him. 8. It was a dull sort of play, and the ... jokes thrown
in did little to liven it up. 9. An ... night on board the plane made her fussy and ill-tempered. 10. We would
meet ... to discuss some burning problem of the day. 11. The girl was so upset over her failure that there was
no ... her. 12. The day of her friend's ... was nearing, and it made her sad. 13. The shoes, though pretty, were
far from ... . 14. Modern trains combine speed and ... . 15. On the several ... I happened to meet him, he had
always made a very good impression on me. 16. Something had definitely gone wrong. Her usually cheerful
voice now sounded ... and lifeless. 17. He knew he was alone, yet he had the ... feeling of being watched. 18.
He had been in ... of the department for years and had never, until now, given reason for dissatisfaction. 19.
The sick boy was to be placed in a room ... from the rest of the children.

Ex. 14. Paraphrase the following, using words and word combinations from the text, and making all
necessary changes.
to fall flat; flat; in spite of; on the occasion of; for all occasions; occasional; occasionally;
to get over (2); to charge (2); in charge of; comfortable; can't have smb do(ing) smth; to depart

1. He would always remember the champagne party that had been arranged to mark his fiftieth
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 PART II
birthday. 2. All his efforts to succeed seemed to be wasted. 3. Though he had received his warning, he went
on as before, as if looking for trouble on purpose. 4. He was head of the expedition and quite prepared to
take whatever action was necessary. 5. On the whole the weather was all we could wish for, warm and
sunny, with a bit of rain now and then. 6. The dress in the shopwindow caught her attention at once. Yes, it
was just what she needed, something that would do both for everyday and formal wear. 7. Letting him
change his mind was something we couldn't allow. He was to be made to stick to his promise at any price.
8. The letters she got from time to time kept her well-informed as to how things were going in her native
town. 9. It took her several weeks to recover fully from her illness. 10. He was set the task of making a
careful study of the problem and reporting on the results. 11. The food seemed tasteless. 12. He wondered if
he wasn't running a temperature. 13. It was a different kind of life, easy and free from all worries. 14. It's
difficult to follow him, he never keeps to the subject. 15. His failure in the exam was a hard blow to him. It
would take time getting used to. 16. The prices for the garage services seemed to be quite reasonable.

Ex. 15. Speak on the following topics, using the words and phrases given below.
1. In the Train An American lady; two other passengers; a fast train; a sleeping car; a compartment; a
porter; to pull up (down) the window-blind; to make oneself comfortable; to have the seats made into beds
for the night; to get off the train; to walk a little way along the platform; to stay near the steps of the car; for
fear of; to be left behind; to leave with no signal of departure; to be afraid of the speed (a wreck).
2. From Palermo to Paris to take a train; to travel first (second, etc) class; to speed across the country; to
cover many miles; in the south; to see the sea occasionally; far below against the rocks; further north; to
change (of the city); flat fields of grapes; greystone hills; on the way; to stop at Marseilles, Avignon; to slow
down; to follow one track through many others; to pull into (out of) the station; to cross a river; to pass
through many outside of Paris towns; big advertisements on the walls toward the train; to near Paris.
3. Arrival In Paris to come into Paris; to arrive safely; to have a comfortable journey; to have no
complaints about the service; to get down the bags; to hand the bags to the porter; to pile the luggage on a
truck; to go out on to the platform; to say goodbye to one's fellow-passengers; to give up one's ticket to the
man at the gate. 4. The American Lady to look very wholesome, middle-aged and American; respectable;
middle-class; narrow-minded; to be used to having one's own way; to push one's ideas on smb; to stick to
one's ideas; to be dissatisfied with smb's choice; to be firm with smb; to leave nothing to chance; not to
recognize smb's right to happiness; to ruin smb's life; to set the date of departure; to take smb away; to try to
comfort smb; to buy a canary as a present. 5. The Story of the American Lady's Daughter to go on a trip
to the Continent; to stop at a hotel; to fall in love with smb at first sight; to be happy in one's love; a hard
blow; to give up easily; not to fight for one's happiness; to be taken away; to suffer; to be used to; to respect
smb's wishes; to obey smb's orders; to lose interest in life; to become flat (of life); to take smth hard; not to
care about things; not to get over smth. 6. The Story of the Author And His Wife to listen with half an ear;
to be at a loss what to say; to have one's own worries; to be full of one's own thoughts; to go wrong (of the
marriage); impossible to put smth right; to be smb's fault; to realize that smth is hopeless; the reason for
smth; to return to Paris with a definite purpose in mind; to set up separate residences; not to breathe a word
to smb about smth.
SPECIAL DIFFICULTIES
Ex. 16. Translate the following sentences using "occasion" or "event" according to the sense.
1. Почему бы нам не отметить такое важное событие? 2. Какое событие было поворотным
пунктом в вашей жизни? 3. День был полон событий. 4. Приезд сына на каникулы был всегда
большим событием в их семье.

Ex. 17. Translate the following sentences using the word. "idea".
1. Я понятия не имею, что он за человек. Мне никогда не приходилось иметь с ним дела. 2.
Они не представляли, что поездка окажется такой продолжительной. 3. Он не думал, что операция
пройдет так быстро. 4. Я не знаю, что он имел в виду. 5. Мы не ожидали, что мальчик так хорошо
играет в шахматы. Ему нет равных в школе. 6. С какой платформы отправляется поезд? — Понятия
не имею. 7. Они не предполагали, что им придется делать пересадку в пути. 8. Мы не ожидали, что
из него выйдет такой отличный специалист. 9. Я и понятия не имел, что он когда-то был известным
боксером.
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 PART II
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
The Gerund
1. The Syntactic Function of the Gerund
Ex. 18. Study the following chart. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
subject

1. It's no use arguing with her.

2. His* being so slow is very annoying.
predi-
cative

3. What annoys me is his being careless.

object
direct

4. I don't mind your including this book in the list.

5. He suggests getting in touch with her as soon as possible.
sitional
prepo-

object

6. He insists on doing the job himself.

7. I am thinking of writing to him.
attri-
bute

8. I don't see the reason for his complaining about it.

Ex. 19. Paraphrase the parts in bold type using gerundial phrases, mind the prepositions.
1. That she is so fussy is not a little unpleasant. 2. What surprised everybody was that he was able to
do it. 3. The doctor insists that she should put off the trip. 4. We don't mind if we go there by train. 5. He
suspected that I knew the truth. 6. There is no doubt that he is intelligent. 7. He suggests that we should
watch the football match oh TV instead of going to the stadium.

Ex. 20. Make one sentence out of the following pairs of sentences by using gerundial phrases. The part in
bold type is to become the predicate.
1. He is clever. There is no doubt about it. 2. Why waste time on such things? There is no sense in that.
3. He solves cross-word puzzles very well. He is good at it. 4. He likes to talk music. He gets pleasure out of
it. 5. The child usually drinks milk before going to bed. He'ls used to it. 6. He has an annoying habit. He
mispronounces names. 7. You were running a risk. You might have caught cold. 8. You can't tfeat him like a
child. It's no use.

Ex. 21. Make up sentences using gerundial phrases according to the model.
M o d e l: (a) to be tired of (b) to argue
I am tired of arguing.
1. (a) to be good at (b) to make friends. 2. (a) to be busy* (b) to arrange an exhibition of the best photos
of the year. 3. (a) to be proud of (b) to be a pilot. 4. (a) to be tired (b) to quarrel with smb. 5. (a) to be afraid
of**** (b) to catch a cold. 6. (a) to be fond of (b) to dance. 7. (a) to be sure of (b) to be ill. 8. to be ashamed
*
A possessive pronoun or a noun in the possessive case before {he gerund denotes the doer of the action expressed by the
gerund. Compare:
(a) I insist on writing to him myself.
(b) 1 insist on your writing to him.
**
No preposition is used after "to be busy" when it is followed by the gerund, e.g. He is busy looking through the morning mail.
Compare: I am busy with my work.
****
An infinitive, not a gerund, is used after to be afraid, if it denotes dare not бояться = не осмеливаться, e.g. I am afraid to ask
him about it. Compare: I am afraid of failing at the examination.
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 PART II
of****** (b) to be impolite to smb. 9. (a) to be worth (b) to remember.

Ex. 22. Study the following char.******** Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
modifier of time
an adverbial

1. On (upon) seeing me on the other side of the street he shouted to me.

2. In copying the text he missed a line.
3. After finishing his work he went for a walk.
4. Before taking action you had better make inquiries.
modifier of manner

circumstances
an adverbial

or attending

5. He left without letting us know.

6. I upset all their plans by refusing to come.

A. An Adverbial Modifier of time

Ex. 23. Replace adverbial clauses of time by gerundial phrases.
1. When he arrived at the airport, he went to the left-luggage office first thing. 2. When he was looking
through the documents he came across a very interesting photograph. 3. After he had packed all the things
he phoned for a taxi. 4. She hesitated before she entered the room. 5. When I was passing their house, I
noticed that all the windows were dark. 6. After they settled down they started enjoying the place. 7. When I
learned the results of the competition I rushed to the telephone-booth. 8. When he reached the village, he
slowed down. 9. Before she rose from table she made me a sign to follow her. 10. When she left school, she
got a job at the post-office.

B. An Adverbial Modifier of Manner or Attending Circmnstcnces

Ex. 24. Answer the following questions using gerundial phrases according to the model.
M о d e 1 : (a) How did he manage to calm her? (to promise to return soon). He managed to calm her by
promising to return soon.
(b) How did they listen to her? (not to interrupt) They listened to her without interrupting.
1. How did you learn to speak the language so well? (to speak) 2. How did the committee accept the
terms? (not to argue) 3. How did the teacher find the way to the child's heart? (to treat kindly) 4. How did he
leave? (not to say good-bye) 5. How did she learn to play the piano so well? (to practise a lot) 6. How did he
tell you about the accident? (not to go into details) 7. How did they manage to get such excellent results? (to
use a new method) 8. How did the delegate manage to get there in time? (to take a plane)

Ex. 25. Supply the missing prepositions to suit the syntactic junction of the gerund.
1. I stopped, ... opening the door. 2. This time he felt no surprise ... meeting his friend. 3. ... washing
up she settled down in a comfortable armchair before TV. 4. As the visitor looked through the open
doorway, ... passing, he stopped short. 5. What did she mean ... being busy? 6. He tore the note into pieces ...
reading it. 7. The Gadfly couldn't run the risk ... being seen. 8. I insist ... remaining here. 9. Outside it kept ...
raining. 10. The child nodded his head ... replying. 11.1 kept her ... falling down. 12. He went ... saying the
******
An infinitive, not a gerund, is used after to be ashamed when it refers to someth ing that hasn't taken place yet, e.g. I'd be
ashamed to ask him for help.
********
The gerund may also be used in the function of an adverbial modifier of- 1) concession, e.g. In spite of being busy, she
came to the party. 2) condition, e.g Don't enter without being invited. 3) purpose, e.g. His method is used for teaching children. 4)
cause or reason, e.g. He kept silent for fear of making a mistake.
9
 PART II
things that meant nothing at all, but which were, somehow, better than silence. 13. ... washing up she broke a
cup.

Ex. 26. Translate the following sentences using the gerund in the function of an adverbial modifier.
1. Он включил меня в список экскурсантов без лишних разговоров. 2. Она уговорила меня
ехать, сказав, что она присоединится ко мне через неделю. 3. Тем, что ты будешь надоедать ему, ты
только рассердишь его еще больше. 4. Она уладила этот вопрос, не поднимая лишнего шума. 5.
Проснувшись, я не сразу понял, где нахожусь. 6. Проходя мимо их дома, он решил зайти. 7. После
окончания школы она стала работать секретарем. 8. Не вдаваясь в подробности, он сразу перешел к
существу дела. 9. Упаковывая вещи, он вдруг вспомнил, что совершенно машинально (не думая)
вместе с документами упаковал и билет. 10. Мы чувствовали себя бодро, несмотря на то, что были
очень голодные. 11. Перед тем как лечь спать, он решил написать письмо домой.

II. The Forms of the Gerund

Ex. 27. Study the forms of the gerund.
form active passive
The American lady lay without sleeping.
My watch needs repairing.*
non-perfect He had a feeling of being watched.

The American lady looked wholesome in

spite of not having slept.**** I've never heard of the house having been
perfect
painted****** once since it was built.

Ex. 28. Use the correct form of the gerund.

1. I think I'll have a chance of (to introduce) you to my friends. 2. I've just had the pleasure of (to
introduce) to your sister. 3. Everybody was surprised at her (to leave) so soon. 4. I am tired of (to treat) like
a child. 5. You've changed so much that he might be excused for not (to recognize) you. 6. She had to leave
the house without (to see) by anybody. 7. I remember (to be) on friendly terms with him. 8. This matter
wants (to clear up). 9. She was dancing wonderfully. I couldn't help (to impress). 10. Boys always enjoy (to
swim). 11. The children were annoyed at (to tell) to leave. 12. She looked disappointed. We suspected him
of (to tell) her the sad news.

Ex. 29. Translate the following sentences using gerundial phrases.

1. Прежде чем заполнять анкету, ознакомьтесь с ней. 2. Я помню, как а) я был огорчен его
неудачей; б) он был огорчен моей неудачей. 3. Вы не возражаете, если я присоединюсь к вашей
компании? 4. Перестань надоедать ей глупыми вопросами. 5. Мы сократили путь, переплыв' реку. 6.
Увидев вдали автобус, я бросился бежать к остановке. 7. Прежде чем давать окончательный ответ,
хорошенько подумай. 8. Товарищи внимательно слушали и не прерывали ее. 9. Овод рисковал быть
узнанным. 10. Он разорвал письмо, не читая его. 11. Он хорошо разгадывает кроссворды. 12. Мой
любимый спорт плавание. 13. Я боюсь провалиться на экзамене. 14. Ребенок боялся, что его оставят
одного дома. 15. Она просто не может не опаздывать. 16. Этот факт стоит запомнить. 17. Она
рассказывала мне об этом, не глядя мне в глаза. 18. Он далеко не простой человек, и с ним труд но
договориться. 19. Нет смысла обсуждать этот вопрос в его отсутствии.

MIXED BAG

**
After the verbs to need, to want, to require and the adjective worth the gerund is used in the active form though it is passive in
meaning.
****
The non-perfect form of the gerund is often used in place of the perfect form, e. g. I remember seeing the film. Your refusing
to help them was a shock to everybody. He mentioned speaking to them on the subject.
******
The perfect form of the gerund, passive voice, is practically not used.
10
 PART II
Ex. 30. Paraphrase the following sentences using "to forget" or "to remember" followed by either an
infinitive or a gerund; mind the explanation given in the model.
M o d e l: He forgot to post the letter (He didn't post it. He forgot.)
He forgot mentioning the fact to her (He mentioned the fact to her and forgot about it.)
I remembered to post the letter (I didn't forget to post it.)
I remember posting the letter (I remember that I posted it.)
1. Do you remember you beat him at chess once? 2. Please, remember that you must ring me up on
Saturday. 3. I didn't return the book I had borrowed from him, I quite forgot. 4. She forgot that she had given
him her telephone number and was surprised to hear his voice on the phone. 5. She quite forgot that she had
asked you to book the tickets. 6. She said that she remembered that she had had a talk with him on the
subject. 7. I remember I enjoyed this film. 8. Don't forget that you must write a letter. 9. Did she remember
that she was to get in touch with him? 10. She forgot that she had postponed the appointment.

Ex. 31. Fill in the blanks with "not" or "without "* thus using either Participle 1 or gerund.
1. ... knowing the answer, she continued to puzzle over the problem. 2. He looked at me ... recognizing
me. 3. ... recognizing me she passed by. 4. He received the news calmly ... making a fuss about it. 5. I kept
silent ... wishing to attract attention. 6. ... having noticed the mistake he could not understand why they were
laughing at him. 7. She departed ... once turning her head. 8. She felt lonely ... having any friends there. 9.
He left the house ... waking anyone. 10. I hung up the phone ... waiting for her answer.

Ex. 32. Translate the following sentences using the gerund, the infinitive or Participle I according to the
sense.
1. Ему стыдно, что он вышел из себя. 2. Ему было стыдно признаться (сказать), что он не сдал
экзамен по английскому языку. 3. Я боюсь, что мне зададут этот вопрос. 4. Я боюсь сидеть на сквоз -
няке. 5. Я помню, что ему предлагали эту работу. 6. Я забыл предложить ему чашку чая. 7. Он не
забыл навести справки об условиях приема в институт. 8. Она заявила, что уже включила его в
список. 9. Они остановились, чтобы перекусить. 10. Они перестали спорить. Они поняли, что это
потеря времени. 11. Не желая ссориться с ним, она переменила тему разговора. 12. Они могли
спорить, не ссорясь. 13. Ножницы используются для стрижки волос, разрезания бумаги, ткани и т.п.
14. Я воспользовалась ножом, чтобы разрезать книгу.

Ex. 33. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of a verbal (gerund, participle or infinitive).
Dora got into the train. It was now very full indeed and people were sitting four a side. Before ... (to sit
down) she inspected herself quickly in the mirror. She looked good in spite of ... (not to sleep). She turned
towards her seat. A large elderly lady moved a little ... (to make room). (It was a devilish hot day). She
thought that she was lucky ... (to have a seat) and with a certain satisfaction watched the corridor ... (to fill)
with people who had no seats.
Another elderly lady, ... (to make one's way) through the crowd reached the door of Dora's carriage
and addressed her neighbour. "Ah, there you are, dear, I thought you were nearer the front." They looked at
each other rather sadly. The ... (to stand) lady had her feet ... (to catch) in the luggage. They began a
conversation about how they had never seen the train so full.
Dora stopped ... (to listen), ... (to strike) by a terrible thought. She ought to give up her seat. She
refused to believe the thought but it came back. There was no doubt about it. The elderly lady who was
standing looked very weak indeed, and it was only proper that Dora, who was young and healthy, should
give her seat to the lady who could then sit next to her friend. Dora felt the blood ... (to rush) to her face. She
sat still ... (to think over) the matter. There was no point in ... (to be hasty). It was possible of course that
while clearly ... (to understand) that she ought to give up her seat she might nevertheless simply not do so
out of pure selfishness. On the other side of the ... (to stand) lady a man was sitting. He was reading his
newspaper and didn't seem ... (to think) about his duty. There was another aspect to the matter. She had
taken the trouble of ... (to arrive) early, and surely ought ... (to reward) for this. Though perhaps the two
ladies had arrived as early as they could? There was no ... (to know). But in any case there was an
**
without + gerund is an adverbial modifier of manner or attending circum stances, not + Participle I is an adverbial modifier of
reason.
11
 PART II
elementary justice in the first comers ... (to have) their seats. She thought of her state of mind as neurotic.
She decided not to give up her seat.
She got up and said to the lady "Do sit down here, please. I'm not going far, and I'd much rather ... (to
stand)."
"How very kind of you!" said the lady. "Now I can sit next to my friend. I have a seat of my own
further down, you know. Perhaps we can just exchange seats? Do let me ... (to help) you to move your lug -
gage." The train began ... (to move).
On ... (to reach) the other carriage Dora at once saw an empty corner seat by the window. The elderly
lady departed and Dora settled down.
(after "The Bell" by Iris Murdoch)

Ex. 34. Test Translation.

1. По случаю окончания института мы организовали вечер. 2. Я мало знаю его. Мы встречаемся
от случая к случаю, и разговор у нас обычно бывает только об учебе. 3. На мой взгляд это был не по -
вод для шуток. 4. После большого и шумного города жизнь в деревне показалась им скучной и
однообразной. 5. Если у вас плоскостопие, то вам лучше бы сделать туфли на заказ. 6. Невзирая на
все доводы, он наотрез отказался принять наши условия. 7. Чем был вызван его поспешный отъезд?
— Трудно сказать. 8. Еще до сих пор не назначен день отъезда. А ведь нам надо подумать о билетах.
9. Несмотря на то, что результаты работы были хорошими по сравнению с прошлогодними, главный
инженер сказал, что надо добиться того, чтобы они были еще лучше. 10. Вам стоит починить
холодильник. Он вполне еще может послужить. Ремонт обойдется недорого. 11. Из него определенно
вышел бы хороший спортсмен, если бы он больше тренировался. 12. Я чувствую себя неловко в этом
пальто. Оно мне велико. Мне надо было бы купить другое, на размер меньше. 13. Книги были
единственным утешением для него во время болезни. 14. Этим вопросом следует заняться отдельно.
Он требует изучения. 15. Они знали, что все трудности уже были позади, и это была очень утеши -
тельная мысль. 16. Ему, вероятно, потребуется немало времени, чтобы придти в себя после такого
потрясения. 17. Просят, чтобы выступающие не отклонялись от темы, а говорили по существу. 18.
Цена за товар не включает упаковку. Плата за упаковку взимается отдельно.

12