Lipid Metabolism
Lipid Metabolism
Lipid Metabolism
Lipid Metabolism
Chapter 25
Table of Contents
25.1 Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
25.2 Triacylglycerol Storage and Mobilization
25.3 Glycerol Metabolism
25.4 Oxidation of Fatty Acids
25.5 ATP Production from Fatty Acid Oxidation
25.6 Ketone Bodies
25.7 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids: Lipogenesis
25.8 Relationship Between Lipogenesis and Citric Acid Cycle
Intermediates
25.9 Biosynthesis of Cholesterol
25.10 Relationships Between Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism
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• Step 2: Hydration:
– A molecule of water is added across the trans double
bond, producing a secondary alcohol at the b-carbon
position
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Ketogenesis
• Ketogenesis involves the production of ketone bodies
from acetyl CoA
• Synthesis of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA primarily in
liver mitochondria -- diffused into blood stream and
transported to peripheral tissues
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Ketogenesis
• Step 1: First Condensation of two acetyl CoA molecules
to produce acetoacetyl CoA, a reversal of the last step of
the Beta-oxidation pathway
• Step 2: Second Condensation: Acetoacetyl CoA then
reacts with a third acetyl CoA and water to produce 3-
hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) and CoA-SH.
• Step 3: Chain cleavage: HMG-CoA is cleaved to acetyl
CoA and acetoacetate.
• Step 4: Reduction: Acetoacetate is reduced to Beta-
hydroxybutyrate.
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Summary of Ketogenesis
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Chain Elongation
• Four reactions constitute first step of chain elongation
process
– Condensation: Acetyl-ACP and malonyl-ACP
condense together to form acetoacetyl-ACP
– Hydrogenation: The keto group of the acetoacetyl
complex is reduced to alcohol by NADPH
– Dehydration: Water is removed from alcohol to form
an alkene
– Hydrogenation: Hydrogen is added to alkene 3 to
form saturated butyryl ACP from NADPH
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Cholesterol
• Secondary component of cell membrane
• Precursor for bile salts, sex hormones and adrenal
hormone
• Body synthesizes 1.5 - 2.0 g of cholesterol everyday
from acetyl CoA units
– Average daily dietary intake is ~ 0.3 g
• Synthesis of cholesterol occur in liver
• Synthesis requires at least 15 acetyl CoAs and involves
~27 separate enzymetic steps
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