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    Chemistry Investigatory Project 2018-19: Setting of Cement

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    Hari Krishnan
    This document is a chemistry investigatory project on the setting of cement. It was completed by Divyanshu Kumar of class 12 under the guidance of his chemistry teacher. The project studied how the strength of cement mixtures containing sand, fly ash, and lime developed over time. It described the materials and procedures used. The results showed that the strength of the cement slabs increased with longer setting times. Precautions like careful handling and proper watering were needed. Research was conducted using internet, library, and teacher resources.

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    Chemistry Investigatory Project 2018-19: Setting of Cement

    Uploaded by

    Hari Krishnan
    179 views18 pages
    This document is a chemistry investigatory project on the setting of cement. It was completed by Divyanshu Kumar of class 12 under the guidance of his chemistry teacher. The project studied how the strength of cement mixtures containing sand, fly ash, and lime developed over time. It described the materials and procedures used. The results showed that the strength of the cement slabs increased with longer setting times. Precautions like careful handling and proper watering were needed. Research was conducted using internet, library, and teacher resources.

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    Setting of Cement

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    This document is a chemistry investigatory project on the setting of cement. It was completed by Divyanshu Kumar of class 12 under the guidance of his chemistry teacher. The project studied how the strength of cement mixtures containing sand, fly ash, and lime developed over time. It described the materials and procedures used. The results showed that the strength of the cement slabs increased with longer setting times. Precautions like careful handling and proper watering were needed. Research was conducted using internet, library, and teacher resources.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    179 views18 pages

    Chemistry Investigatory Project 2018-19: Setting of Cement

    Uploaded by

    Hari Krishnan
    This document is a chemistry investigatory project on the setting of cement. It was completed by Divyanshu Kumar of class 12 under the guidance of his chemistry teacher. The project studied how the strength of cement mixtures containing sand, fly ash, and lime developed over time. It described the materials and procedures used. The results showed that the strength of the cement slabs increased with longer setting times. Precautions like careful handling and proper watering were needed. Research was conducted using internet, library, and teacher resources.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 18

    CHEMISTRY

    INVESTIGATORY
    PROJECT
    2018-19

    SETTING OF CEMENT

    BY
    DIVYANSHU KUMAR
    CLASS- XII-B
    2018-19
    KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO 2
    NAUSENABAGH, VISAKHAPATNAM

    DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

    CERTIFICATE

    THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT DIVYANSHU


    KUMAR OF CLASS XII-A HAS SUCESSFULLY
    COMPLETED THE RESEARCH ON THE
    MENTIONED TOPIC UNDER THE GUIDANCE
    OF MR.B.SREEDHAR [SUBJECT TEACHER]
    DURING THE YEAR 2018-19 IN PARTIAL
    FULFILMENT OF PRACTICAL EXAMINATION.

    SIGNATURE OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE OF CHEMISTRY TEACHER


    INDEX
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
    AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
    INTRODUCTION
    THEORY
    ➢ EFFECT OF QUALITY OF SAND ON
    SETTING OF CEMENT MORTAR
    ➢ CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING
    USING CEMENT
    ➢ PORTLAND CEMENT
    ➢ EFFECT OF TIME ON SETTING OF
    CEMENT MORTAR
    APPARATUS REQUIRED
    PROCEDURE
    OBSERVATION
    CONCLUSION
    PRECAUTIONS
    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
    I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my
    chemistry teacher MR.B.SREEDHAR as well as our
    school principal MR.NISHIKANT AGGARWAL who
    gave the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project
    on the topic "SETTING OF CEMENT" which also helped
    me in doing a lot of research work and I came to know
    about so many new things. I am really thankful to them.
    AIM OF THE
    EXPERIMENT

    To study the setting of mixture of


    cement with sand time and fly ash with
    respect to time and strength.
    INTRODUCTION
    In the most general sense of the word, CEMENT is a
    binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently,
    and can bind other materials together.
    The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the
    term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling
    modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with
    burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and a pulverized
    brick additive that were added to the burnt lime to
    obtain a hydraulic binder were later referred to as
    cementum, cimentum, cament and cement.

    The most important use of cement is the production of


    mortar and concrete.

    The bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to


    form a strong building materials that is durable n
    the face of normal environment effects.
    THEORY
    EFFECT OF QUALITY OF SAND ON
    SETTING OF CEMENT MORTAR
    Sand obtained from different sources has
    different qualities. For examples, sea sand
    obtained from sea contains unwanted salts and
    retards setting of cement and is not suitable
    for making mortar.
    On the other hand, Pit sand is obtained
    from pits in the soil and the River sand
    obtained from riverbed is considered excellent for
    preparing mortar and concrete.
    CONSTRUCTION OF
    BUILDING USING CEMENT
    Cement used in construction is characterized as
    hydraulic or non-hydraulic Hydraulic cement (e.g.
    Portland cement) harden because of hydration
    chemical reactions that occur independently of
    the mixture's water content; they can harden
    even underwater or when constantly exposed to
    wet weather. The chemical reaction that results
    when the anhydrous cement powder is mixed
    with water produces hydrates that are not
    water soluble. Non-hydraulic cements (e.g. Lime
    and Gypsum plaster) must be kept dry in order
    to retain their strength.
    PORTLAND CEMENT
    Cement is made by heating limestone(calcium carbonate),
    with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to
    14500C in a kiln, in a process known as calcination, whereby
    a molecule of carbon dioxide is liberated from the calcium
    carbonate to form calcium oxide, or quicklime, which is then
    blended with the other materials that have been in the mix.
    The resulting hard substance, called 'clinker', is then ground
    with a small amount of gypsum in a powder to make
    ‘Ordinary Portland Cement’, the most commonly used type
    of cement (offered referred to as OPC). Portland cement is
    a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar and non specialty
    grout. The most common use for Portland cement is in the
    production of concrete. Concrete is a composite material
    consisting of aggregate (gravel and sand), cement and water.
    EFFECT OF TIME ON SETTING
    OF CEMENT MORTAR
    Time has an important role on strength of developed
    cement mortar. When a cement mixture in the ratio
    of 1:3 with water is allowed to dry, the strength of
    solid mass keeps on increasing with the time given for
    setting. It acquires a nearly full strength in 28 days.
    APPARATUS REQUIRED

    BEAKERS
    BEAKERS

    WEIGHT BOX MATCH BOX


    LIMESTONE

    CEMENT FLY ASH


    PROCEDURE

    1. Prepare mixtures of various compositions as given in


    Observation table.
    2. Take each of the given mixtures in different beakers
    and prepare their pastes by adding minimum
    amount of water.
    3. Take nine cases of empty match boxes and mark
    from 1 to 9.
    4. Fill the three cases with the paste of each
    composition.
    5. Spray water from time to time over the paste, so
    that they remain moist all the time.
    6. After three days, take out one slab of each
    composition and test their strengths.
    7. Similarly, take out a set of three slabs after 7 days
    after 30 days respectively and test their strengths.
    OBSERVATION

    S COMPOSITION MINIMUM
    NO. OF MIXTURE AND WEIGHT TO
    RATIO BREAK THE SLAB
    AFTER
    3 7 10
    DAYS DAYS DAYS

    01. CEMENT:RIVER 18g 20g 30g


    SAND
    (1:3)
    02. CEMENT:RIVER 16g 18g 26g
    SAND:FLY ASH
    (2:9:1)
    03. CEMENT:RIVER 10g 15g 20g
    SAND:LIME
    (1:3:1)
    CONCLUSION

    THE STRENGTH OF THE SLAB


    INCREASES WITH INCREASE IN THE
    SETTING TIME ALLOWED.
    PRECAUTIONS

    Handle the glass wares carefully


    Allow the time required to set
    Spray only required amount of
    water
    BIBLIOGRAPHY

    HELP FROM
    INTERNET

    HELP FROM
    LIBARY

    HELP FROM
    TEACHERS

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