Should Exercise Shouldn't Go Should Do

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Should / Shouldn’t = To give or ask for advice (Dever / Não dever para conselhos)

Should / Shouldn’t + Infinitive

E.g. If you want to be healthy, you should exercise more.

You shouldn’t go to bed late.

What should I do?

* Ought to = To give advice (more formal)

Ought to / Ought not to + Infinitive

E.g. Everybody ought to vote in the next election.

You ought not to have missed so many classes.


Must / Have to = Obligation / Necessity

Must / Have to +

Must = Something the speaker thinks is an obligation or necessity.

E.g. I must remember to buy milk.

Have to = Rules, laws made by someone else.

E.g. We have to show our passport when we cross the border.

I have to hand in my project tomorrow.

Don’t have to = It’s not necessary


Don’t have to + Infinitive

E.g. You don’t have to show you passport when you travel to Spain.

*Don’t need to = It’s not necessary

E.g. You don’t need to bring food because we are going to eat at the café.

*Needn’t = It’s not necessary

E.g. You needn’t pay for the drinks. They are free.

Can / Can’t = Permission or lack permission.


Can / Can’t + Infinitive

E.g. You can leave any time you like.

You can’t bring animals in here.

Mustn’t = Prohibition / It’s not allowed

Mustn’t +

E.g. You mustn’t use your phone in the classroom.

You mustn’t take pictures in the museum.

* Can’t is an alternative to mustn’t.


E.g. You can’t use your phone in the classroom.

You can’t take pictures in the museum.

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