Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 82 views

    Ying Cao OLED Display 04

    Uploaded by

    muahelt
    This document summarizes OLED displays, including their potentials, fabrication methods, types, challenges, applications, and integration with flexible substrates. OLED displays offer advantages like thinness, light weight, broad color range, and high resolution. They can be fabricated via methods like vacuum evaporation of small molecules or inkjet printing of polymers. Challenges include addressing schemes, brightness/lifetime requirements, and moisture sensitivity. Applications currently include mobile phone screens and car electronics, while flexible displays are a future prospect.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ying Cao OLED Display 04

    Uploaded by

    muahelt
    82 views18 pages
    This document summarizes OLED displays, including their potentials, fabrication methods, types, challenges, applications, and integration with flexible substrates. OLED displays offer advantages like thinness, light weight, broad color range, and high resolution. They can be fabricated via methods like vacuum evaporation of small molecules or inkjet printing of polymers. Challenges include addressing schemes, brightness/lifetime requirements, and moisture sensitivity. Applications currently include mobile phone screens and car electronics, while flexible displays are a future prospect.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document summarizes OLED displays, including their potentials, fabrication methods, types, challenges, applications, and integration with flexible substrates. OLED displays offer advantages like thinness, light weight, broad color range, and high resolution. They can be fabricated via methods like vacuum evaporation of small molecules or inkjet printing of polymers. Challenges include addressing schemes, brightness/lifetime requirements, and moisture sensitivity. Applications currently include mobile phone screens and car electronics, while flexible displays are a future prospect.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    82 views18 pages

    Ying Cao OLED Display 04

    Uploaded by

    muahelt
    This document summarizes OLED displays, including their potentials, fabrication methods, types, challenges, applications, and integration with flexible substrates. OLED displays offer advantages like thinness, light weight, broad color range, and high resolution. They can be fabricated via methods like vacuum evaporation of small molecules or inkjet printing of polymers. Challenges include addressing schemes, brightness/lifetime requirements, and moisture sensitivity. Applications currently include mobile phone screens and car electronics, while flexible displays are a future prospect.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    OLED display

    Ying Cao
    Outline
    Š OLED basics
    Š OLED display
    Š A novel method of fabrication of flexible
    OLED display
    Potentials of OLED
    Š Suitable for thin, lightweight, printable
    displays
    Š Broad color range
    Š Good contrast
    Š High resolution(<5 μm pixel size)
    Š Fast switching (1-10 μs)
    Š Wide viewing angle
    Š Low cost of materials
    Energy level diagram of OLED

    • Electrons injected from the cathode (Ca, Al, Ba, etc.)


    • Holes injected from the anode (Indium/tin oxide, PANi, PEDOT)
    • Transport and radiative recombination of electron hole
    pairs at the emissive polymer
    Š A threshold voltage
    must be achieved to
    overcome the barriers
    to inject charges into
    the organic materials
    Š N2 molecules doped
    during the evaporation
    of Alq3 cause the
    expansion of the traps
    states below the
    LUMO thus lowering
    the injection barrier for
    electrons

    The J-V curves of bi-layer OLEDs with Alq3


    evaporated under different N2 ambient pressure.
    The insert presents schematic structure diagram of
    OLEDs. [2]
    OLED types
    Š Small-molecular OLED
     Made by vacuum evaporating small molecules to the substrate
    similar to that used in semiconductor manufacturing
     Well proven on fabrication of up to about 15 inches in diameter
    (shadow mask)
     Crystallization due to low glass transition temperature shortens
    lifetime and reliability
    Š Polymer OLED
     Made by depositing the polymer materials on substrates through an
    inkjet printing process or other solution processing methods under
    ambient conditions
     Fabrication of large screen sizes
     Oxidation of carbon-carbon bonds between the aromatic rings
    reduce the conjugation length of the polymer
    Inkjet printing
    Š Advantage: high-resolution,
    low cost, materials saving
    Š selectively deposit many
    layers in a display
    simultaneously
    Š Surface properties of the
    substrate affect the
    uniformity of the film
    thickness
    Š Problems: layer shift and
    Ref. 3 dimentional changes from
    the PLED drying and
    evaporation process
    OLED display

    First active-matrix full-color display by Sanyo in 1999


    Challenges and shortcomings I
    Š Addressing schemes
     Huge driving currents are
    needed to achieve adequate
    average brightness in
    Passive Matrix addressing
    displays. Such large
    currents cause problems
    such as large drive voltages
    leading to increased power
    dissipation, excess flicker,
    and shortened lifetimes.
     Active Matrix addressing can
    be used to overcome such
    problems
    Challenges and shortcomings II
    Š Brightness and Lifetime Requirements
     State of art OLED brightness and lifetime: 100 nits and
    40,000 hours (50% initial luminance)
     High brightness level require the display driving
    voltage levels to be increased which trades off
    expected lifetime. For most OLED materials, the
    relationship between driving voltage level and lifetime
    is nearly linear.
    Š Moisture sensitivity
     Over time, moisture can react with the organic layers
    and cause degradation and defects in an OLED
    display
     Sealing techniques
     Inserting desiccants
    Applications
    Š Current main commercial applications
     Mobile phone screen (Samsung/NEC, Motorola, LG)
     Car radio
     Digital camera (Kodak)
     Car stereo (Pioneer, TDK, Kenwood)
     Razor (Philips)
    Š Future
     Flexible displays
     Replacing incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs
    Š Currently power efficiency equivalent to incandescent light bulb while a
    factor of five less than that of fluorescent lighting
    Flexible display
    Š Flexible substrate requirements
     Transparent
     Robustness
     Low cost
     Stability
    Š Low coefficient of thermal expansion
    Š Low moisture absorption
    Š Resistant to chemicals & solvents
    Š Processing temperatures limited by :
     Deformation temperature of material layers
    Š For common plastic materials, <300 ºC
    Top-gate TFT process flow [4]

    • 4-inch PET (Polyester), PEN (Polyethylenenapthalate) substrates


    • Poly-Si formation by pulsed laser crystallization
    • Low temperature (<100 ºC) gate oxide (~100 nm) formation
    • Dopant activation by pulsed laser annealing the dopant layer
    •Pulsed Laser Crystallization (PLC)
    •PLC converts a-Si film (90 nm) to
    poly-Si via ultrafast melting and
    solidification.
    •SiO2 buffer layer prevent the heat
    to be transferred to the substrate
    •Plastic kept below 250 ºC, cools
    rapidly
    TFT results [4]
    NMOS PMOS

    Mobility ~250 cm2/V-s Mobility ~65 cm2/V-s


    Threshold voltage ~ 5 V Threshold voltage ~ -4.8 V
    OLED integration [4]
    Fabrication challenges [4]

    Š Evaluate damage to plastic & thin films


    Š Defects generation during thin film deposition
    References
    Š 1. S. M. Kelly, “Flat Panel Displays”, p. 141, 2000
    Š 2. W.J. Lee, Y.K. Fang, Hsin-Che Chiang, S.F. Ting, S.F. Chen, W.R.
    Chang, C.Y. Lin, T.Y. Lin, W.D. Wang, S.C. Hou, Jyh-Jier Ho, Solid-
    State Electronics 47 (2003) 927–929
    Š 3. Clark W. Crawford, “Organic Light Emitting Diodes Have Bright
    Future in Flat Panel Displays”, Technology Commercialization Alliance,
    2003
    Š 4. Daniel T., Teruo S., Sunder R., Patrick M. S., Paul G. C., and Paul
    W., “Active Matrix OLED Display Backplanes on Flexible Substrates”,
    FlexICs, Inc.,2002

    You might also like