CT79 HT200 CT79E HT200: Electrical and Climatic Characteristics
CT79 HT200 CT79E HT200: Electrical and Climatic Characteristics
CT79 HT200 CT79E HT200: Electrical and Climatic Characteristics
CT79 HT200
CT79E HT200
Wet tantalum capacitors
Hermetically sealed tantalum cases
High ripple current
High temperature +200°C
Axial leads
Polarized
DIMENSIONS (mm)
Dimensions with insulating sleeve
Case code
L max D max d +10% –0,05 25 (0.98) min. 25 (0.98) min.
A 18 5,6 0,6
B 23 7,4 0,6
d
C 26 10,1 0,6
D 34 10,1 0,6 D
L
MARKING, PACKAGING, CONSTRUCTION:
see general characteristics
HOW TO ORDER
Model Case Capacitance in µF Tolerance in % DC Voltage Termination
Commercial description
CT79 HT200 CT79E HT200 D 850µF 20% 25V H
Model code Case Capacitance code Tolerance code DC Voltage code Termination
EXXELIA PN
TS79H TS79EH D 857 M 025 A
Expressed in pF with 3 digits: 2 Commercial description EXXELIA PN
K = 10% Expressed in volt H = SnPb (non RoHS) A = SnPb (non RoHS)
digits for the value and the third
M = 20% with 3 digits - = Sn100% (RoHS) F = Sn100% (RoHS)
for the multiplier
CT79E HT200
DERATING
URC
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 °C
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Electrical characteristics
CAPACITANCE TOLERANCE (ON RATED CAPACITANCE)
The capacitance is defined by a rated value (CR, indicated on the capacitor) and It defines, with the rated capacitance, the range in which the capacitance value
a tolerance (generally ±20%). must be at room temperature.
The capacitance is measured at a 100Hz or at a 120Hz frequency under a 0,1 e.g.: Rated capacitance: 100µF
to 1 VAC voltage and a 2,1 to 2,5 V bias (or 9 to 10 V for UR ≥ 100 V). Tolerance: 20%
At room temperature, it must be in the range defined by the rated value and The measured capacitance must be between:
the tolerance. 100 - (20% of 100) = 80µF and 100 + (20% of 100) = 120µF
Capacitance change vs temperature: see typical curves below. Maximum The standard tolerance for tantalum capacitors is 20%.
changes are given, for each type, on the data sheets.
+20%
0%
–20%
–40%
–60%
–80%
–50 –30 –10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
T (°C)
Electrical characteristics
DIRECT DC VOLTAGE LEAKAGE CURRENT
The rated voltage (UR), indicated on the capacitor, is the maximum DC voltage Leakage current is the residual current which flows through the capacitor
which can be applied continuously between –55°C and +85°C. after the charging time, under rated voltage. It is measured after a time not
exceeding 5 minutes and is given in µA.
For the types which can be used up to 125°C, the voltage must be derated
between +85°C and +125°C according to the following curve. It is equivalent to the insulation resistance of the capacitor and it must be as
low as possible.
Maximum leakage current is a function of capacitance and rated voltage values
and is given, for each type, in the data sheets.
0. 4
0.2 1
URC
0.1
140
120
0.05
Multiplier of leakage current
100
0.04
80
0.03
60
40 0.02
20
0 °C
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 0.01
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% UR - Percentage of rated voltage
The category voltage (UC) is consequently the maximum DC voltage which can
be applied continuously at +125°C.
The surge voltage is the maximum voltage which can be applied for short
periods.
It is given for each type in the data sheet and is generally equal to 1,15 times
UR between –55°C and +85°C and 1,15 times UC at +125°C.
Tests are performed with charging periods of 30 seconds, through a 1000 Ω
resistor, and discharging periods of 5 min 30s. 1000 cycles are done.
REVERSE VOLTAGE
Capacitors in silver cases (CT4, CT4E, CT9, CT9E) and some in tantalum cases
(WT83, WS83) cannot withstand any reverse voltage: it would cause damage,
more or less rapidly depending upon the voltage value.
It is therefore necessary to be sure that the bias voltage is high enough to
avoid that the AC voltage creates a reverse voltage (negative peak).
Other capacitors in tantalum cases (CT79, CT79E, ST79, DSCC 93026,
M39006/22 and M39006/25) can withstand a reverse voltage as specified in
the individual datasheet.
Electrical characteristics
DISSIPATION FACTOR ESR CHANGE VS TEMPERATURE
Dissipation factor is generally measured at the same time as the capacitance, ∆ RSE
with the same conditions. It is a function of the series resistance of the
capacitor and the capacitance at low frequency. 40
DF = ESR x C x 2p f
10
At low frequency, the series resistance is the sum of an ohmic part (leads,
contacts, MnO2) and the dielectric losses. 4
Dissipation factor is given in % and maximum limits are given for each type in
the data sheets. 1
0, 4
Lω ∆ RSE
0, 9
Electrical characteristics
MAXIMUM RIPPLE CURRENT
CT79/79E (SMD) - CT79/79E HT200 - ST79 (SMD) - ST79 HT200 - WT83 - WS83 Temperature: +85°C (+70°C only WT82)
Frequency: 40kHz
Maximum ripple currents which are indicated in the data sheets are given for the
Applied voltage: 0,66 UR
following conditions:
If conditions are different, use the multipliers given in the table below to calculate
the new maximum current.
CT4 - CT4E - CT9 - CT9E TYPES 2- THERMAL SHOCKS - RAPID CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE
Maximum ripple currents which are indicated in the data sheets are given for This test is performed to check that the capacitors can withstand sudden
the following conditions: temperature changes. The method which is used is the one with two chambers,
one at –55°C, the other one at +125°C. Five cycles are performed, with 30min at
• frequency from 100Hz to 100kHz and more
low temperature and 30min at high temperature, during the periodical tests (30
• temperature from –55°C to +85°C
cycles for CT79 type). Electrical characteristics are measured after this test.
Correction vs temperature
If the temperature is higher than 85°C, decrease linearly the maximum value 3 - DAMP HEAT TEST
from 100% at +85°C to 80% at +125°C. This test is performed during the periodical test, with the following conditions:
Correction vs frequency Temperature: 40°C
If frequency is lower than 100Hz, apply the following multipliers to the Humidity: 90 to 95%
maximum ripple currents: DC voltage: without
Time: 21 or 56 days
75Hz: 0,79 60Hz: 0,65 50Hz: 0,55 25Hz: 0,55 Electrical characteristics are measured after this test.
OTHERS RULES (FOR ALL TYPES)
MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS
• the sum of the positive peak AC voltage and the DC bias voltage must be lower 1 - VIBRATIONS
than the rated voltage.
This test is performed during the periodical test, with the following conditions:
• the negative peak must not create any Reverse voltage (or maximum 3 volts for CT9 - CT9E types
CT79 and CT79E types). • Frequency: 10 to 2000Hz
• because of the increase of the series resistance at low temperature, it is • Amplitude: 1,5mm or 196m/s2 - 20g
better to not apply directly the maximum ripple current but to increase this • Time: 6 hours
one gradually to raise the capacitor temperature. CT79/79E (SMD) - CT79/79E HT200 - ST79 (SMD) - ST79 HT200 - WT83 - WS83
• Frequency: 10 to 2000Hz
CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS • Amplitude: 3,5mm or 490m/s2 - 50g
• Time: 6 hours
1- CLIMATIC CATEGORY
Climatic category defines the temperature range over which the capacitor can 2 - SHOCKS
be used continuously, and also the number of days for the damp heat test This test is performed just after the vibrations test, with the following conditions
(this test is performed periodically at 40°C with a 93% moisture rate). for all types:
Note: it is necessary to derate the voltage for temperatures higher than 85°C • Acceleration: 981 m/s2 - 100g
(see page 15). • Pulse width: 6 ms
• Shape: 1/2 sinewave
• Number of shocks: 18 (3 in each direction, positive and negative)
Electrical characteristics
RELIABILITY pV = INFLUENCE OF APPLIED VOLTAGE VS RATED VOLTAGE
Reliability of a component can be defined as its probability to work without any
failure, in defined conditions and during a fixed time. V
Reliability is not therefore only a function of the component quality, but also of 100
the application and environmental conditions.
The parameter which is the most commonly used for the reliability is the
failure rate in time, generally expressed in % per 1000 hours.
p = INFLUENCE OF CAPACITANCE
C
3,3µF pC = 0,9
p = TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE
t 20µF pC = 1,0
1000µF pC = 1,3
t 2200µF pC = 1,4
100
p = INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION
E
Satellite in orbit pE = 0,5
Ground; stationary; protected pE = 1
Ground; stationary; non protected pE = 2,5
Ground; mobile; soft conditions pE = 6
10 Aircraft; soft conditions pE = 6
Ship; soft conditions pE = 6
Ground; mobile; hard conditions pE = 8
Ship; hard conditions pE = 10
Aircraft; hard conditions pE = 15
Satellite; launching pE = 20
1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 p = INFLUENCE OF QUALIFICATION
q
T (°C) Products approved to CECC pq = 1,0
Formula: pt = exp (1,8.( t / tm)2) Others products pq = 2,0
with: t = using temperature
tm = maximum temperature
Curve for tm = 125°C
Electrical characteristics
PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION SHEET CONSTRUCTION
This should read in conjunction with the Product Data Sheet/Specification. CT79/79E (SMD) - CT79/79E HT200 - ST79 (SMD) - ST79 HT200 - WT83 - WS83
Failure to observe the ratings, and the information on this sheet may result in a
safety hazard.
Ring seal
1. MATERIAL CONTENT
Case to seal laser welding Tantalum case
Wet tantalum capacitors contain hazardous materials:
• Liquid electrolyte - gelled diluted sulphuric acid Tantalum-glass-tantalum seal
Tantalum cathode
• Solid tantalum anode Tantalum wire-tube-nickel wire welding PTFE spacer
The device consists of solder coated terminal wires and the materials listed below:
• Silver case or tantalum case
• Rubber “o” rings
Tantalum wire Wet or gelled electrolyte
• PTFE spacers
• Filled epoxy resin end cap on silver case products PTFE bush Sintered tantalum anode
2. PHYSICAL FORM
These Capacitors are physically small and are cylindrical with axial leads.
Glass metal seal: CT9 - CT9E
3. INTRINSIC PROPERTIES Epoxy sealing: CT4 - CT4E
3.1 Operating
Ring seal
Wet tantalum capacitors will operate satisfactorily providing that the sum of the
Case to seal soldering
applied d.c. and the peak a.c. ripple voltage does not exceed the rated d.c. voltage. CT 9 - CT 9E Silver case
The maximum ripple currents and voltages and d.c. polarising voltages are Tantalum wire-tube-nickel wire welding PTFE spacer
A Reverse application of the rated voltage will result in loss of capacitance, early PTFE bush Sintered tantalum anode
If electrolyte leaks onto a printed circuit board or similar insulated support, short Tantalum wire nickel wire welding PTFE spacer
Date code =
year : 2 digits
week : 2 digits
PACKAGING
In cardboard boxes
General information
Tantalum capacitors are, with ceramic, aluminum and film capacitors, one of MANUFACTURING
the most used family.
ANODE AND INSULATOR
The manufacturing technology and the constant improvements in tantalum
powders allow it to be the capacitor with the highest CV (product capacitance x Tantalum capacitors are the capacitors which have the highest ratio of
voltage) per volume, very long life and high reliability. capacitance per volume. This is mainly due to the high dielectric coefficient of
It has also the following advantages: its insulator and to its large cross-section.
• Wide range of capacitance (less than 1µF to more than 10 000µF) The basic raw material is a high purity (greater than 99,99%) tantalum powder
• Wide operating temperature range (–55°C to +200°C) with a very fine granulation, compressed to form a cylinder or a parallelipiped
• Electrical characteristics stable with temperature constituting the anode of the capacitor (positive plate).
• Low leakage current
• Very low ESR for some types The pellet is then sintered at high temperature (1200°C to 2200°C), under
• Stability after long periods of storage , without any reforming high vacuum (10–6 Torr), firstly to purify the powder and secondly to obtain a
strong mechanical structure by a welding of the particles.
All these characteristics allow tantalum capacitors to be commonly used ei-
ther in large volume markets like mobile phones or computers, or in specific The insulating part is obtained by anodization to a depth of the tantalum
High-Rel applications such as space, aerospace and military. surface which forms a tantalum pentoxide film (Ta2O5) with a thickness of
about 16 angstroms per anodization volt. The dielectric coefficient is between
Its main uses are found in the following functions:
21 and 27 depending upon the anodization conditions.
• Filtering • RC time constant
• Bypass • Energy storage WET ELECTROLYTE: CATHODE AND ENCAPSULATION
• Coupling
In this case, the cathode is formed by a sulphuric acid solution. The anodized
Tantalum capacitors can be divided into two main families and several sub- tantalum pellet is impregnated with this solution and then placed in a silver
families: or tantalum case, into which some equivalent gelled solution have been
Solid tantalum capacitors: Wet tantalum capacitors: previously deposited.
• Solid MnO2 • Silver cases The case is then crimped on the internal PTFE gasket to make the sealing.
- Metal cases • Tantalum cases The final steps are welding (CT79), soldering (CT9) or elastomer seal (CT4)
- Molded cases depending on the capacitors.
- SMD
SOLID ELECTROLYTE: CATHODE AND ENCAPSULATION
• Solid Polymer
- SMD In this case, the cathode is formed either by managanous dioxide which is a
grey semi conductor or by polymer solution.
HOW TO USE THE SELECTION GUIDE Solid MnO2 cathode is obtained by dipping the pellets into a manganous
1 - The Technical Selection Guide can be used to select a product according to nitrate water solution which impregnates the internal structure; this solution
the main technical requirements. is then decomposed in a high temperature oven to obtain manganous dioxide.
2 - The Classification according to specification makes the link between all This operation is repeated several times. The nature and quality of this
major standard specifications and the products. semiconductor are important to some of the electrical parameters (especially
the serial resistance).
3 - The Selection Guide by family has the same classification as in the
catalogue. You will find for each type the main features, the approvals and To finish the negative plate, a graphite coating and then a silver coating are
the page number of the technical data sheet. deposited on the outside surface of the manganous dioxide or conducting
polymer.
The positive nickel lead is welded on the tantalum wire and the negative lead
is either soldered for the products with axial leads or glued with a silver epoxy
for the SMD range.
General information
TYPE IDENTIFICATION - ORDERING INFORMATION CECC SPECIFICATIONS
THE COMPLETE IDENTIFICATION OF A PRODUCT IS MADE OF Some of the products which are described in this catalogue are made to a CECC
specification; these documents give in detail the following information for each
• The type (or model) • The tolerance
type:
• The case size • The rated voltage
• The climatic, electrical and mechanical characteristics
• The rated capacitance • If applicable the CECC specification number
• The test and inspection procedures
THE TYPE • The sampling methods and levels
• The tests periods
It can be expressed with the commercial description (CTC21E C 33µF 10% 40V)
or the EXXELIA part number (TS22EC336K040F). The reference specifications concerning the tantalum capacitors are the
When applicable the CECC specification number should be indicated. following:
THE CASE SIZE CECC 30 000 (NFC 83-100)
Generic specification: fixed capacitors
It is indicated on the technical data sheets in front of each capacitance-voltage • Terminology
value and is generally identified by a letter code . It is important to give this • Quality Assessment Procedures
information because there can be, for the same type, a standard range and an • Test and inspection methods
extended range in which the same value will be available in two different sizes.
CECC 30 200 (NFC 83-112)
THE RATED CAPACITANCE Sectional specification: tantalum capacitors
It can be expressed: • Prefered characteristics
• Directly in µF (eg: 47µF) • Quality Assessment Procedures
• Coded according to MIL specification, with: • Test and inspection methods
- 2 digits number for the value CECC 30 201 XXX
- A multiplying factor to obtain the capacitance in pF (power of 10) Detail specifications solid tantalum capacitors
Eg: 567 = 56.107 pF = 560µF • Detailed characteristics for each type
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS
In addition to CECC approvals, some of the products are qualified to MIL
standard M39006/22, M39006/25, DSCC DWG No. 93026 and some others are
listed in ESA (European Space Agency) Preferred Parts Lists ESCC EPPL I or II.