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    Ir. H. Isnugroho, CES: Faculty of Engineering Civil Engineering Program Study Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

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    Rhezader Ag
    This document discusses the design and forces acting on quay walls. It begins by defining a quay wall as a marine structure used for mooring vessels and loading/unloading cargo and passengers. The main types of quay walls are then described - wharf, pier, and bridge/jetty types. Dimensions depend on the ships using the quay. Forces acting on quay walls include lateral forces from ship impacts, wind, and sea currents, as well as vertical loads. Formulas are provided for calculating the magnitude of these forces based on ship specifications.

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    Ir. H. Isnugroho, CES: Faculty of Engineering Civil Engineering Program Study Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

    Uploaded by

    Rhezader Ag
    54 views26 pages
    This document discusses the design and forces acting on quay walls. It begins by defining a quay wall as a marine structure used for mooring vessels and loading/unloading cargo and passengers. The main types of quay walls are then described - wharf, pier, and bridge/jetty types. Dimensions depend on the ships using the quay. Forces acting on quay walls include lateral forces from ship impacts, wind, and sea currents, as well as vertical loads. Formulas are provided for calculating the magnitude of these forces based on ship specifications.

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    Port Engineering-10

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    This document discusses the design and forces acting on quay walls. It begins by defining a quay wall as a marine structure used for mooring vessels and loading/unloading cargo and passengers. The main types of quay walls are then described - wharf, pier, and bridge/jetty types. Dimensions depend on the ships using the quay. Forces acting on quay walls include lateral forces from ship impacts, wind, and sea currents, as well as vertical loads. Formulas are provided for calculating the magnitude of these forces based on ship specifications.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    54 views26 pages

    Ir. H. Isnugroho, CES: Faculty of Engineering Civil Engineering Program Study Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

    Uploaded by

    Rhezader Ag
    This document discusses the design and forces acting on quay walls. It begins by defining a quay wall as a marine structure used for mooring vessels and loading/unloading cargo and passengers. The main types of quay walls are then described - wharf, pier, and bridge/jetty types. Dimensions depend on the ships using the quay. Forces acting on quay walls include lateral forces from ship impacts, wind, and sea currents, as well as vertical loads. Formulas are provided for calculating the magnitude of these forces based on ship specifications.

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    of 26

    PORT

    ENGINEERING

    Lecturer:
    Ir. H. Isnugroho, CES

    ( 10)

    FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
    CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM STUDY
    MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
    Quay Walls
    Quay Wall is a general term used to describe a marine structure
    for the mooring or tying-up of vessels, and for loading and
    unloading of goods and passengers.

    The function of Quay Wall:

    a. Place for berthing, mooring, docking, tying-up of the ships,


    boats, vessels, etc.
    b. Place for loading and unloading of goods
    c. Place for debarking and embarking the passengers

    Dimension of quay walls is depend on the ships which would be


    served, so the ships might be able to berth, maneuver, conduct the
    loading-unloading activities safely, easily and smoothly.
    A quay should have a spacious enough of platform area for the following
    objectives:
    a. Apron, area between sea side of quay and warehouse for handling
    (loading and unloading) activities from the ships to the inland
    transport mode (truck, train) as well as to the storehouse, vice
    versa.
    b. Transit warehouse for commodities storage before/after shipment
    c. Area for handling (loading and unloading) activities
    d. Access road for many activities.
    e. etc

    (Source: Bambang Triatmodjo)


    Types of Quay :
    1. Wharf type (parallel to the coastal line)
    2. Pier type (overhanging and perpendicular to the Sea Beach line, the
    ships dock on the side of pier and perpendicular to the Sea Beach
    line)
    3. Bridge/Jetty type (the ships moored parallel to the coast line, and
    connected with a “bridge”)
    Simple Quay (tobaphotographerclub.com) Ancol quay for yacht (pleasure boats)
    (generasiindonesia.com)

    Ujung (Surabaya) Ferry Quay Quay of Nangakeo Port, Kupang (nidyakarya.co.id)


    The determination of Quay type should consider the following
    matters:
    1. The type of ship will be served (passengers ship, general cargo,
    bulk or tanker ship)
    2. The wave, sea current and wind direction
    3. Topography and bathymetry condition
    4. Foundation bearing capacity
    5. Social, economical, cultural as well as political consideration.

    Wharf Type
     Wharf type is a quay built parallel to the coastal line
     This type can be created allied to the coastal line or with a
    distance toward to the sea.
     Homogenous Sea-bed contour line and parallel to the coastal line
     This type is usually applied in general cargo port which is need a
    spacious platform for handling activities.
    The construction of wharf type falls broadly into two classifications:
    1. quays with a closed or solid construction, and
    2. quays with an open construction, where the deck is supported on
    piles.
    1. quays with a closed or solid construction
    2. quays with an open construction, where the deck is supported on
    piles.

    Source: Fishing harbour planning, construction


    and management, Quays and Slipways Source: Bambang Triatmodjo
    Wharf type of anchored sheet-piles Wharf type of sheet-piles and inclined piles

    Wharf type of Basra Port, Irak


    Wharf type of Tokyo Harbor
    Source: Bambang Triatmodjo
    Wharf type built of Caisson

    Source: Wikipedia Source: Bambang Triatmodjo


    Source: Fishing harbour planning, construction and
    Source: A. Alikhani
    management, Quays and Slipways

    Source: Port Botany Expansion –Quay Wall Design and Construction by Alan Betts
    Concrete blocks of 50-200 Ton

    Gravel back-fill (for reducing the soil pressure)

    Wharf type made of Concrete mass in Zonguldak harbor, Turki

    Source: Bambang Triatmodjo


    Pier, Jetty or Bridge types
    Pier, jetty or bridge is a quay constructed jutted-out toward to the sea.
    In the Pier Type, the ships docked in the both sides, so the ship position
    is perpendicular to the coastal line. Whereas in the jetty or bridge type,
    usually provided with a platform perpendicular to the jetty. The ship
    rests in the platform side, so its position is parallel to the coastal line.

    Platform

    Platform

    Source:
    Bambang Triatmodjo
    Quay for tanker ship
    Source: Bambang Triatmodjo
    Dimension of Quay
    Dimension of the Quay is depend on the number and types of ship which
    will be served.
    The Apron width is depend on the handling equipment used, the number
    of train/truck lines.

    Lp = the quay length


    Lp nLoa (n 1)15,00 50 ,00 A = warehouse surface area
    Loa = overall ship length
    d Lp 2e b = warehouse width
    n = the number of berthed ship
    3A a = apron width
    b
    ( d 2e ) See next picture
    e = road width
    Source: Bambang Triatmodjo
    Pier for 4 docking

    Pier for 2 tethering Source: Bambang Triatmodjo


    Floating Jetty :
    In very high tidal variation, floating jetty type might be more suitable:

    Source: Fishing harbour planning, construction and management, Quays and Slipways
    Forces Acting on the Quay
    a. Lateral force (ship impact in the quay wall, ship attraction,
    Forces seismic)
    b. Vertical force (structure dead load and life load)

    Ship impact force against the quay wall:


     Assuming the maximum impact occurred when fully load ship
    impact against the quay with the angle of 10o to the sea-side of the
    quay.
     The impact force should be supported by the quay.
     The impact energy is absorbed by fender system installed in the
    quay.
     The impact force act horizontally and can be defined based on
    impact energy.
     The correlation between impact force and energy is depend on the
    type of fender installed.
    E = impact energy (ton meter)
    The impact energy: V = approach velocity of the vessel
    perpendicular to the berthing line
    2 (m/s)
    WV W = vessel displacement
    E CmCeCs Cc g = gravitation acceleration
    2g Cm= mass coefficient
    Ce = eccentricity coefficient
    Cs = softness factor (assumed = 1)
    Cc= berthing configuration factor (=1)

    Source: Bambang Triatmodjo


    Mass coefficient depend on the water movement surrounding the ship,
    and can be defined by the following formula:
    d where:
    Cm 1 Cb= block coefficient of the ship
    2Cb B d = vessel draft (m)
    W B = ship width (m)
    Cb Lpp= length between perpendicular(m)
    Lpp Bd o γo = sea water density (t/m3)
    1
    Eccentricity coefficient: Ce
    1 ( l )2
    r
    l = distance parallel to the berthing line from the ship
    weight center to the berthing point (see picture)
    r = radius of gyration surrounding the ship weight center
    on the sea water surface (see the curve in the next slide)

    General Cargo Ship: LPP 0,846 L1oa, 0193


    Tanker Ship: Lpp 0,852L1oa,0201
    The value of l :  Quay: l 1 Loa
    4
    Dolphin : l 1 Loa
    6
    Source: Bambang Triatmodjo
    Wind force:
    Wind blows to the ship would cause the following forces against the
    quay.
    1. Longitudinal force when the wind blows from the bow (α=0o)
    R w 0,42 Qa Aw
    2. Longitudinal force when the wind blows from the stern(α=180o)
    R w 0,5Qa Aw
    3. Lateral force when the wind blows from the side direction (α=90o)
    R w 1,1Qa Aw
    Rw= wind force (kg)
    2 Qs = wind pressure (kg/m2)
    Qs 0,063V V = wind speed (m/s)
    Aw= windblown field projection area (m2)
    Sea Current Forces
    As a wind force, sea-current attacking the vessel will produce forces in
    the vessel and then forwarded to the quay.:
    1. Sea current force coming from the bow/stern:
    Rf 0,14SV 2
    2. Sea current force come from the side:
    Rf 0,5 CV 2 B'

    where:
    Rf = sea-current force (kgf)
    S = vessel cross-section area inundated bellow sea water level (m2)
    ρ = sea water density (= 1,045)
    C = current pressure coefficient
    V = current speed (m/s)
    B’ = wide side cross-section area of the vessel bellow the water (m2)
    Ship Attraction Force against the Quay
    Based on Overseas Coastal area Development Institute-OCDI (1991), ship
    attraction force against the quay will be hold-out by bollard or bits, and the
    values are as follows:

    Source: Bambang Triatmodjo

    In the bollard, the forces act horizontally, beside of the vertical forces as ½ of
    those values.
    In the bitt, the forces act to all direction.
    For ship >100.000 ton, the attraction force should be calculated taking into
    account the climate, sea current condition, mooring tools, etc.

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