Kendriya Vidyalaya Tiruvannamalai

Term II
ENGLISH ASL PROJECT

Class: 12th Submitted By: Raghav .S Submitted

To: Mr P. Kannan PGT English
 Acknowledgement

I would like to extend my sincere and heartfelt obligation towards all those who have helped me in
making this project.

Without their active guidance, help, cooperation and encouragement, I would not have been able to
present the project on time. I am extremely thankful and pay my sincere gratitude to my
teacher____KANNAN.P____________ for her valuable guidance and support for completion of this
project.

I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parents,

other faculty members of the school and friends for their valuable suggestions given to me
in completing the project.

Date: 03 February 2022

Place: Tiruvannamalai

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work on CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA based on the curriculum
of CBSE has been completed by ___RAGHAV . S___________ of Class-XII Section __A__ of
Kendriya Vidyalaya Tiruvannamalai. The above mentioned project work has been
completed under my guidance during the academic year 2021-22.
 Objective

1. Introduction

2. Definition of child labour

3.child labour: Causes and consequences

4. .Different industries where they are employed

Diamond Industry Bangle

5. Initiative against child labour by Indian

government Various NGOs
 CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

INTRODUCTION

The problem child labour

has got deep social and Economical
implication Although ,child is the
father of the man but we do little for
our children for whom ostensibly all
the great modern shrines are put.
Industries we have millions of sad
faces mainly because child labour is
prevalent.Child labours refers to the
employment of children at regular
or sustained labour. These child
works present a sad picture of our
modern industrialism.
Children are the greatest assets of nation and they should
be brought up with almost care and he or she should grow in
environment conductive to leaving with affectionate and
understanding to his/her needs.
But the situation in India is something different. What we see
at present is nothing much compatible with what is aforesaid.
The problem of child labour has attracted attention of many
of us since the problem of child labour has been acute in India.
Definition of Child Labour

Child labour means a person

below 14years who is working for
wage. According, to the labour
investigation committee, "one black
spot of labour condition in India in
this illegal employment of children in
bertain industries."
Homer Folks (The chairman of
United states National child labour committee.)Homer
defines child labour as, any work by children that interferes
with their full physical development, their opportunities for
desirable minimum of education or needed recreation.
The national sample survey defined child worker as
person below the age of 14, who is wage earner.
The concern for working children, a Bangalore based
organization, described a child labours a person who has not
compled 15 years of age and is working with or without wage
on a part time or full time basis.
Child labour: Causes and Consequences

Causes:
Poverty and its related problems are some of the main causes
of child labour in Ethiopia. The 2001 survey reported that
about 90 per cent of the children working in productive
activities replied that they were working to either supplement
family income (23.8 per cent) or to improve it (66.0 per cent).
Poverty in Ethiopia is chronic due
to, among others, population
pressure, land degradation,
unemployment and under-
employment among adults and
school leavers (youth). Children are
paid lower wages than adults, not
unionized, and do not demand
workers’ rights. They are also
thought by some to be more
efficient in certain types of work,
though this has not been
demonstrated. Thus, these people
tend to prefer child workers to adults.
The other main cause of child labour is cultural values. The
Ethiopian culture encourages children to work to develop
skills. Children are considered as assets to generate income in
time of poverty. Children should, therefore, be given work at
home early in life and be obliged to assist parents.
Other reasons include educational problems, like distance
from school, poor quality of education, over-crowding,
inability to support schooling (food, uniforms, exercise books,
school fees, etc.); family disintegration due to divorce; various
conflicts, war and civil strife; drought and resettlement;
orphanhood due to AIDS; and rapid urbanization.

Consequences:

Children are exposed to accidental and other injuries at work.

They should thus be protected to prevent social, economic
and physical harm, which persist to affect them during their
lifetime. Such injuries include:

• General child injuries and abuses like cuts, burns and

lacerations, fractures, tiredness
and dizziness, excessive fears and
nightmares.
• Sexual abuse, particularly
sexual exploitation of girls by
adults, rape, prostitution, early
and unwanted pregnancy,
abortion, Sexually Transmitted
Diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS,
drugs and alcoholism.
• Physical abuse that involve
corporal punishment, emotional
 maltreatment such as blaming, belittling, verbal attacks,
rejection, humiliation and bad remarks.
• Emotional neglect such as deprivation of family love and
affection, resulting in loneliness, and hopelessness.
• Physical neglect like lack of adequate provision of food,
clothing, shelter and medical treatment.
• Lack of schooling results in missing educational
qualifications and higher skills thus perpetuating their
life in poverty.
• Competition of children with adult workers leads to
depressing wages and salaries.
Apart from the above, lack of opportunity for higher
education for older children deprives the nation of developing
higher skills and technological capabilities that are required
for economic development/transformation to attain higher
income and better standards of living.
Different industries where they are
employed Diamond Industry Bangle
making Industry
SEEMAPURI (Real life case study)

India has a vibrant recycling industry with 56 per cent of its recyclable
waste being recovered. This dynamic and surprisingly efficient system
of waste management stands solid on the shoulders of ragpickers and
kabadiwalas who belong informal sector. Despite their crucial service
of keeping urban waste management in place, India’s ragpickers
continue to struggle for survival in dire conditions—exposure to
harmful substances, poor wages and
lack of basic civic amenities.
Sheikh Abdul, a ragpicker from New
Seemapuri in east Delhi, shares, “Rag
picking as a profession comes with
its own set of utterly inhuman
challenges.” Abdul is a part of a
community of ragpickers who live in
the New Seemapuri slum, making up
about 800 of the 1,700-odd
households of the locality. They
struggle for basic sanitation, water
supply and power supply as the
neighbourhood is an unauthorised
settlement disconnected from the city’s basic services.
The collection and segregation of waste is carried out by the
community together. Once the waste has been collected from
households and colonies, it is brought to one of the segregation
centres in Seemapuri. “My entire family takes part in the collection,
segregation and selling of scrap materials, a profession that has been
endured for many generations in my family,” Abdul says.
He continues, “During segregation we often come in contact with
hazardous materials, including soiled clothes, needles, broken glass,
sanitary waste and batteries. In fact, much of the hazardous waste is
in the form of medicine bottles, insecticide spray bottles, toilet
cleaners, and injections. This mixed waste segregation subjects us to
several health issues like fever and skin rashes.”
After segregation, any recyclable item is
sold to the kabadiwala while the wet
waste is sold as cattle feed at Rs 3 per
kilogram. Marginalistation of the
community and systemic corruption
worsens their prospects, as another
ragpicker Archana explains, “One of the
major problems we are facing in our work nowadays is the underlying
bribing and outsourcing arrangements that have formed in the
neighbourhood. Having access to waste has become a challenge, as
MCD has started collecting waste from residential societies around
Seemapuri. So now, we have to pay the
MCD officials to buy waste from them in
order to collect valuable scraps, and even
when we go to collect from
the dhalaos (open waste bins), the MCD
officials on the ground don’t let go without
their commission.
That is not it, she continues, “Policemen and
even the cleanliness workers of the
residential societies take commissions from
us. If we collect the waste without paying
MCD officials, policemen and sanitation workers, then we are called
thieves for collecting and cleaning discarded waste from streets!”
To add to this, a heavy Goods and Services Tax (GST) was imposed on
scrap, which slashed the prices these items fetch for ragpickers by
half. The most profitable recycling item – PET bottles -- came down
from Rs 35 to Rs 23. Other recyclables like glass bottles, old slippers,
tetra packs, egg packs made of
cardboards, are now being thrown
off as it has become unprofitable
to recycle them. Although the GST
rates have been revised, the
effects will take time to reflect on
ground.
As a cumulative result of such
changes, ragpickers' incomes have
reduced from Rs 400-500 to a
meagre Rs 100-200 per day.
Their source of income is also
shrinking because many houses
give their waste to MCD and the
recyclables separately to the
kabadiwalas. This, along with
limited social mobility, keeps the
ragpickers bound in a vicious
cycle. “We are ill-treated and marginalised by every tier of society.
Households in the residential areas do not want to employ us as we
are considered filthy,” adds Archana.
Despite the economic, social and institutionalised challenges the
ragpicker community of New Seemapuri faces, they have expressed
interest in working with non-profit Chetnalaya for better living
conditions and integration in the formal waste collection. In the
formal system, ragpickers want to ensure waste segregation at the
source, collecting dry, wet and hazardous waste separately. This will
generate additional income from composting. Allan Anderson,
programme manager from Chetnalaya, says, “One cannot undermine
the resilient nature of these ragpicking communities who are actually
experts in waste segregation and recovery. In them lies great
potential for improved waste management in the capital city, and
then the entire nation.”

Firozabad (real life case study)

Glass and bangle industry of Firozabad provides employment to more

than 500,000 men, women and
children. They face multiple ranges of
vulnerability and exploitation.
Secondary information reveals that 16
out of every 100 children worldwide
are engaged in exploitative child
labour – in violation of convention on
the rights of the child and
international labour standards. Almost
three-fourth of them works in hazardous environments, such as
mines or factories, or with dangerous substances, such as chemicals.
In this context child labour remains a serious problem both in
Firozabad and Agra districts even though the government has
established several legal instruments to address the problem of child
labour. Children are working in highly polluted, dangerous, and
unhealthy working environment, which in many instances is the
primary source of a variety of serious health problems.
The child labourers face a number of problems which compel them to
be in the same situation and they never come out of their situations.
The following are some of the reasons:
• Children work because their families are poor and their labour
is necessary for survival of their families.
• In comparison to an adult, children are often employed and
exploited as they are more vulnerable, cheaper to hire and are
less likely to demand higher wages and better working
conditions.
• Child labour perpetuates poverty – working children do not
have the opportunity to go to school and grow up to be
unskilled adults trapped in poorly paid jobs and in turn look to
their own children to supplement the family's income.
These reasons further lead to
vulnerability of the poor and
marginalised community groups. During
its interventions, the organisation has
critically assessed the ground situations
of the families, who are engaged in
bangle making, glasswork, carpet
weaving work and agriculture work. It
has also assessed the reasons of the
involvement of their children into work,
which are:
• Families are facing chronic hunger
situations.
• Food enforcement and education entitlements are not
accessible to child labour families.
• Services like education, health, water and sanitation do not
reach the eligible and needy families in the villages.
• Drop-out rate, especially of girls is very high.
• Infrastructure and facilities run and supported by government
are not properly placed and they do not address the concerns
of child labour families.
• Families are living as migrant, which does not allow them to get
the benefit of government services/social security schemes, as
they do not have identity card or any other supporting
documents for getting entitlement. They even do not enjoy the
 benefit of public distribution system (PDS), scholarship to their
children and other entitlements.

Initiative against child labour by Indian government Various

NGOs

• Kailash Satyarthi Children’s Foundation

• Hand in Hand India
• Global March Against Child Labour
• UNICEF
• Smile Foundation
• Save the Children
A child’s childhood is for

Learning, don’t use their

childhood for Earning