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    EE255 Lect 1

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    hadil hawilla
    The document discusses signals, transducers, representations of signal sources, Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources, signal amplification, voltage gain, power gain, current gain, amplifier power supplies, and amplifier saturation. Key concepts covered include the definitions of a signal, transducer, and process. It also discusses ideal values for Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources and how voltage, current, and power gains are calculated.

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    EE255 Lect 1

    Uploaded by

    hadil hawilla
    24 views12 pages
    The document discusses signals, transducers, representations of signal sources, Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources, signal amplification, voltage gain, power gain, current gain, amplifier power supplies, and amplifier saturation. Key concepts covered include the definitions of a signal, transducer, and process. It also discusses ideal values for Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources and how voltage, current, and power gains are calculated.

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    The document discusses signals, transducers, representations of signal sources, Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources, signal amplification, voltage gain, power gain, current gain, amplifier power supplies, and amplifier saturation. Key concepts covered include the definitions of a signal, transducer, and process. It also discusses ideal values for Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources and how voltage, current, and power gains are calculated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views12 pages

    EE255 Lect 1

    Uploaded by

    hadil hawilla
    The document discusses signals, transducers, representations of signal sources, Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources, signal amplification, voltage gain, power gain, current gain, amplifier power supplies, and amplifier saturation. Key concepts covered include the definitions of a signal, transducer, and process. It also discusses ideal values for Thevenin and Norton equivalent sources and how voltage, current, and power gains are calculated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    1

    EE/CE 255
    Introduction to Electronic Analysis and
    Design

    2
    Chapter 1
    Signals and Amplifier
    TextBook: “Microelectronic Circuits” (6th edition)
    Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith
    Oxford University Press, 2011.

    3
    Signals
    • Signal–contains information
    e.g. voice of radio announcer reading the news

    • Transducer–device which converts signal from non-electrical


    to electrical form

    • Process–an operation which allows an observer to understand


    this information from a signal
    generally done electrically

    4
    Representation of a signal source

    Thevenin Norton

    𝑣𝑠 𝑡 = 𝑅𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡

    5
    Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Sources

    what are ideal values of RS for Thevenin and Norton representations?

    6
    Signal Amplification
     Voltage amplifier – is used to boost Voltage levels.
     Current amplifier – is used to boost Current levels.
     Power amplifier – is used to boost both voltage and current levels.

    7
    Signal amplification and voltage Gain

    𝑣𝑂
    Voltage gain 𝐴𝑣 = 𝑣𝐼

    8
    Power Gain and Current Gain
    𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 (𝑷𝑳 ) 𝒗𝑶 𝒊𝑶
    Power gain 𝑨𝒑 = =
    𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 (𝑷𝑰 ) 𝒗𝑰 𝒊𝑰

    𝒊𝑶
    Current gain 𝑨𝒊 =
    𝒊𝑰
    𝒗𝑶
    Voltage gain 𝑨𝑽 =
    𝒗𝑰

    𝑨𝒑 = 𝑨𝒗 𝑨𝒊

    Voltage gain in decibels = 𝟐𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝑨𝒗 dB

    Current gain in decibels = 𝟐𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝑨𝒊 dB

    Power gain in decibels = 𝟏𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝑨𝒑 dB

    9
    Amplifier power supplies

    Figure 1.12 An amplifier that requires two dc supplies (shown as batteries) for operation.

    10
    Amplifier Saturation

    Limited linear range –practically, amplifier operation is linear over a


    limited input range

    Saturation–beyond this input range, saturation occurs.

    • Output remains constant as input varies


    • Harmonic distortion occurs
    • Power supply limitation

    11
    Amplifier saturation

    Figure 1.13 An amplifier transfer characteristic that is linear except for output saturation.

    12

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