Chapter I

The Problem and its Background

This chapter includes the introduction, statement of the problem, scope and
limitation, significance of the study and the definition of terms used.

Introduction

Lipstick is one of the most popular cosmetic products that usually used of

many women. Lipstick is a key part of any woman`s makeup collection, and even

for women who are not as heavily into makeup usually own at least two or three

lipsticks or maybe just that perfect shade of red. There are many different types

of lipstick made like and you can find it anywhere in the market, but you think that

all lipstick is safe there are some issues that commercial lipstick contains

chemicals that are not good for health. Some of these products contain high lead

content on which has harmful in the human body. Natural ingredients that can

applied for making a natural lip tint are the safest way to make a cosmetic

product (Chantal,2010).

Some governments are highly recommended to use the natural lip tint it is

an environmental friendly and the ingredients are made from nature. It is not so

difficult to find the other ingredient for making the natural lip tint. Sometimes

some of the ingredients are found in the front of your house. It is good to use a

natural ingredient to make a natural lip tint and get a good benefit than using a

synthetic material that can cause a harmful effect in your health (Reyes,2017).

Raw materials and products certified as organic are produced in an

agricultural system that ensures balanced management of the soil and other
natural resources. Organic farming follows strict rules for certification, which

prohibit the use of pesticides, require preservation of natural resources and

ensures adequate conditions of work in the field (Giorgadze, 2008).

Herbal cosmetics are formulated using different cosmetic ingredients to

form the base in which one or more herbal ingredients are used to cure various

skin ailments. The name itself suggests that herbal cosmetics are natural and

free from the harmful synthetic chemicals which otherwise may prove to be toxic

to the skin. Compared to other beauty products, natural cosmetics are safe to

use. (Joshi, 2015).

In the whole researcher choose natural lip tint as their product because

commercial lipsticks contain chemicals so the researcher decided to make a

product that a women use as their fashion without worrying about their health,

they also study the natural lip tint to know what would be effect of it when natural

lipstick use as alternative lipstick.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to find out if natural lipstick is acceptable

among the girls of Senior High School ABM students of STI College Santa Rosa.

The purpose of the study is to answer the following questions:

1.) What is the profile of the respondents in terms of Grade Level.

2.) What is the response to the Roguleva in terms of:

2.1 Fragrance

2.2 Shade

2.3 Texture

2.4 Cost
Scope and Limitations

This research is for senior high women of Accountancy, Business and

Management (ABM) students of STI College Santa Rosa therefore other strand

or not included. The researchers chose ABM students because they can be a

big help in marketing this product for they study business and could help

promoting this product if they happen to get interested to it. It is a good chance to

introduce the product to future business makers and holders that could help in

the development and production of the natural lip tint that we have made. Most of

the branded lipstick has a lot of different colour unlike to our product because the

color of the natural lipstick is limited but the researcher makes sure that natural

lipstick is environmental friendly and safe for customer’s health. The fragrance of

natural lipstick is also a natural since we use rose and other flowers for the color.

Customer can also use it for any occasions and they can apply it with their

cheeks and eye shadows.

Significance of the Study

The study will be beneficial to the following:

Students. The benefits for students is while they are young they will know what

kind of lip tint they use that can help to avoid diseases because of the lead

contents in other lip tint.

Teachers. It can help the teachers to choose a lipstick that have a benefit to their

health and they will also wear it without worrying about their health.

Cosmetologist. The benefits of natural lipstick in cosmetologist id they can get

idea as an alternative and safe product.

Business Owners. It will help them to find a solution to avoid disease in

commercial lip tint.

Future Researcher. It will help them to improve the researcher product and it

can be also give them information about natural lipstick.

Definition of Terms

These are some of the terms used in the study:

ABM means accountancy, business and management.

Cadmium is a poison and is known to cause birth defects and cancer.

Chromium is used to harden steel.

Fragrance means the scent of lipstick

Herbal cosmetics are referred to as natural cosmetics.

Hibiscus means gumamela flower

Lead is the raw ingredient used in lipstick color additives. and it can cause

cancer.
 Magnesium is a silvery-white metal that ignites easily in air and burns with a

bright light and one-third less than aluminum.

Natural Lip tint The researcher topic.Tinted/sheer lip products that give a

little bit of color. They tend to be quite moisturizing.

Shade is the color, especially about how light or dark it is or as distinguished

from one nearly like it.

 Chapter II
Review of Related Literatures and Studies

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the thorough

and in-depth search done by the researchers. The purpose of this chapter is to

serve as a reference to the researchers.

Foreign Literature

Lip tint is the most commonly viewed today as a fashion accessory that

can help you better achieve your preferred look and enhance you with the rest of

your clothes; lip tint is very important health item that can greatly help you in

maintaining your health and happiness. On surface they appear only as a tool for

allowing you to look your best, but underneath, they are an important tool that

can help you from inside out (Tan,2011).

Decorative cosmetics such as lip tint with high demand in the global

market. It is also used to protect from damage by pollutants. To date, growing

attention is being paid to technologically advances in cosmetics products, which

has search for cosmetics with natural ingredients and safe resources.

Consumers today are concerned with the importance of their health and not only

their outer appearance. They are searching for products from natural sources

that are also safe for their health.

However according to Cohen (2018), cosmetic product intended to color

the lips have been used for thousands of years, by both women and men, in a

variety of shades depending on the fashion of the time. Some women feel almost
undressed without their lip coloring and industry experts estimate the average

twenty-first century woman uses between four and nine pounds of lipstick in her

lifetime. During the flamboyant 1920s, dark red lipstick came into fashion, as

women wanted to highlight their sexuality. Lipstick was packaged in small tubes,

and for the first-time women began to take it with them in a purse wherever they

went. Glamorous dark lipstick hues continued to be popular throughout the

1930s.The actual term” lipstick” wasn’t first used until 1880, however people

were coloring their lips long before that date. Upper-class Mesopotamians

applied crushed semi-precious jewels to their lips. Egyptian made a red dye for

their lips from a combination of focus-align, iodine, and bromine mannite.

Cleopatra was said to have used a mixture of crushed carmine beetles and ants

to color her lips red. In 1927, French Chemist, Paul Baudercroux invented a

formula he called Rouge Baiser, considered to be the first kiss-proof lipstick.

Ironically, Rouge Baiser was so good at remaining on one's lips that it was

banned from the marketplace after being considered too hard to remove.

Riordan (2009) said that during World War 2, metal lipstick cases were

replaced with plastic, then with paper. However, lipstick was still manufactured,

both in American and in Europe. It was believed that makeup was

psychologically important to women. In American, brand rivalry ceased, and

companies concentrated on making cheap lipstick for women workers. When

Bishop`s lipstick went in public, it quickly became popular, so quickly. It was

through the help of Raymond Specter, an advertising genius, that the company

prospered.
 In addition, according to Brilliant (2015), lips are an important part of face

decoration in early Chinese and Asian history. Artifacts show that the act of

reddening lips was already in place around 5,000 years ago in ancient China. It

was believed that lip makeup was originally practiced pleasing the gods in

religious occasion. As time passed by, it was used by upper classes. Lip beauty

products in ancient China were normally called “lip balm” or “mouth balm” and

were used by both men and women. A paste like sticky mixture was used to

relieve chapped or dry lips.

Foreign Studies

According to Freeman (2009), a single lipstick can contain dozens

of separate ingredients, they typically fall into a few categories: waxes, oils,

emollients, and pigments. Lipstick is prepared in batches. After being formulated,

the ingredients must be carefully combined so that the entire batch has

consistent color and texture. The pigment and other dry ingredients are finely

ground so they will be smooth and evenly distributed within the mixture, then

combined with the heated oils and then poured it into cold aluminum molds then

chilled until firm.

However, lip tint can protect our lips from the elements, especially the cold

and wind, by forming a protective barrier for your lips. Lip tint can make your lips

look fuller and plumper, and if it`s your preference, correctly applied lip tint can

also make your lips appear less full or smaller than they actually are. Wearing lip

tint can also lift our spirits, especially in difficult times. Women have been known
to spend more on lip tint, as a way of boosting their spirits and to provide the

feeling that there is a least one thing that can still be enjoyed, no matter how

difficult things may seem (Chantal,2010).

While some studies have shown that lipstick have concerning levels of

chromium, cadmium and magnesium. This will result in increasing your risk to

dangerous diseases and organ damage. High levels of cadmium can be stored in

the kidney and finally result in renal failure. Applying and re-applying lipsticks

many times during the day can lead to stomach tumors. It has revealed that most

of the lipsticks have a dangerously high amount of lead. Lead is a neurotoxin and

can affect the nervous system. It can also cause brain damage. Even if it`s taken

in small quantities it can have drastic effects on the body (Asha,2014).

According to Ram et, al (2009), coloring lips is an ancient practice date

back to prehistoric period. In present days the use of product has increased and

choice of shades of colors, textures, lustier have been change and become

wider. The dyes that contribute to the color of the lipstick are dangerous to

human on consumption. In a mild form, the coal tars that are the basic

ingredients from which synthetic dyes are formed can cause allergy, dermatitis,

and drying of the lips. In a more severe form they can be carcinogenic and even

fatal. That’s why there are some herbal cosmetics have growing demand in the

world market and are an invaluable gift of nature. There are a wide range of

herbal cosmetics products to satisfy your beauty regime, adding herbal in

cosmetic is very safe for skin.

 Rose can be an alternative ingredient for making a natural lip tint. Rose

have a benefit that good in our health. It can be relieves stress and depression,

the rose essence when inhaled it produced a sedative effect. Roses exerts a

stunning effect on your lips. They not only lend a pinkish hue to your lips but also

make them soft as they moisturize the skin and enhance color. Moreover, rose

petals exfoliate your lips and make them look fuller (Chilukoti,2015). Hibiscus

flower contains powerful antioxidants and beneficial compounds like

anthocyanins and flavonoids which offer many health benefits. It can heal

wounds the extract of the flower can quicken wound healing. Also, it can protect

against skin cancer and boosts our immune system (Begnoche,2018).

According to Sruthika (2018) combining with a lemon in the natural lip tint

is a great idea because lemon can help to achieve your dream of having a pink

and soft lips. Lemons is not only used to treat dark or pigmented skin but also

help a lot in lightening your dark lips and make it shine with pinkish color with its

amazing properties. It has bleaching property that helps to lighten the skin by

clearing the dark pigmentation completely. The citric acid and acidic natural of

lemon helps to clear the germs causing discoloration of the lips. The rich content

of vitamin C in lemon will help a lot in reducing the melamine production and

thereby clears the pigmentation to make your lips shine with its natural color.

Also, having a vanilla extract in the lipstick is great because vanilla have a

high concentration of anti-oxidants helps to prevent the action of free radicals,

which cause great damage to the skin. It is good not for taste, but it has a

pleasant smell, which is made use in cosmetic industry. The anti-ageing property
of vanilla also makes it an important ingredient in many of the cosmetics

(Nikitha,2014).

Knowing that some commercial lipstick has a harmful effect in your body

in direct action on lips, the harmful chemicals in the lipsticks can be dangerous to

your overall health as well. The constant contact with the skin and accidental

entry into the body system through licking are the common reasons for this.

Furthermore, there are some good benefit in your body and in your

everyday life. It can boost your confident in yourself. In the early 20th century

scientists found that even lips get tanned and chapped because of the sun. Since

then, chemist and makeup brands have been constantly trying to infuse

sunscreen elements in lip tint to protect your lips. It can also moisturize your lips

and makes them look supple because the mark of a beautiful woman is her

beautiful pout and one of the benefits of wearing lip tint in your favorite color is

that it can enhance your pout. You can have the most gorgeous pair of lips if you

take a little bit of care you can look more professional (Barua,2016).

Local Literature

Local companies are encouraging everyone to use natural and organic lip

tint. One of them is their lip tint coming from different colors. This means that

even lip tint made in natural minerals are susceptible to some contamination, but

this is a safe use of lips. That said, lip tint made from plant and mineral

ingredients tend to have much lower levels of contamination, while those made

from chemical and petroleum-based ingredients tend to be more heavily

contaminated. But ingredients are only part of the story, because many lip tint

are contaminated with heavy metals during the manufacturing process. To

ensure the products they sell are safer.

According to Barton (2008) Lipstick is one of the decorative cosmetics

that demand in global market as one of the successful industries. Lip coloring

practice is originated from the ancient prehistoric age. Recently, the use of the

lipstick is increasing widely with the available texture, shades of color and

others’ properties of today’s lipstick as well as more advance technologies.

Lipstick contains variety of waxes, emulsifiers, emollients, preservatives,

colorants and binders which are the basic materials used in the formulation is

linked directly to the quality of the lipstick. Solid structure of lipstick is provided

by wax while moisture structure came from varieties of emollients such as

blended of oils.

Rising global demand for natural products whose production is harmless

to the environment has stimulated the development of natural cosmetics and,

within this category, organics (95% organic raw materials). (Braz. J, 2013)

Also, consumers concerned with the environment are willing to spend

more on "environmentally friendly" products, favouring the growth of the market

for organic cosmetics. Following this trend, cosmetic manufacturers have

invested in research and development of this product category. However, the

development of organic cosmetics poses major technical challenges in that,

besides requiring experience and skill of the formulator, there is a restriction on

the use of raw materials, since 95% of the formulation must be of organic origin

(Braz. J,2013).

Raw materials and products certified as organic are produced in an

agricultural system that ensures balanced management of the soil and other

natural resources. Organic farming follows strict rules for certification, which

prohibit the use of pesticides, require preservation of natural resources and

ensures adequate conditions of work in the field (Giorgadze, 2008).

Herbal cosmetics are formulated, using different cosmetic ingredients to

form the base in which one or more herbal ingredients are used to cure various

skin ailments. The name itself suggests that herbal cosmetics are natural and

free from all the harmful synthetic chemicals which otherwise may prove to be

toxic to the skin. Compared to other beauty products, natural cosmetics are safe

to use. (Joshi,2015).

Local Studies

When it comes to lip tint, we all know we can’t just have one. In

fact, we have 10 personal favourites. Each of these lip tint brands is

committed to organic & all-natural ingredients, ethical practices, and eco-

friendly packaging. By using pure ingredients, the natural healing

properties of various enzymes, vitamins, and antioxidants help with anti-

aging and healthy skin rejuvenation. You’ll adore the all-natural,

contemporary color palettes of these long-lasting lip products.

 Natural products are not necessarily organic. To be considered as such,

more specific farming and production criteria must be met. The following list

contains classification criteria of natural or organic products for certification

100% Organic if all ingredients are certified as organics (this classification is

used only in the USA legislation) and Organic Product at least 95% organics.

Product with organic ingredients: between 70 and 95% organics. Only a list of

ingredients indicating organics: between 50 and 70% organics. Natural at least

5% organics. (Richter, 2007).

The success of organic products occurs predominantly in the food area.

Customers have the perception that these products are beneficial to health and

are environmentally friendly. The same principles apply to the cosmetic area.

Organic lip balms are worth trying to solve chapped lips and do not

contain harsh chemicals that are harmful to the body. These organic lip care

essentials are made of common all-natural ingredients like beeswax, shea

butter, and aloe vera. On the other hand, if you read the labels of commercial lip

balms, you can find chemicals like petroleum jelly, artificial skin softeners,

synthetic ingredients and fragrances harmful to the body.

The natural ingredients that make up organic lip balms provide many

health benefits. They do not only heal cracked lips but protect them from future

damage. Lip balms with beeswax are popular because they do not only

moisturize and soften your lips, but also provide anti-inflammatory and

antibacterial properties that can heal, protect and prevent damage on your lips

from environmental stressors such as UV light, pollution and extreme

temperatures. Organic lip balms are also environmentally friendly because they

are chemical and pesticide free, and the ingredients are biodegradable.

Companies that manufacture organic lip balms assert that they do not conduct

animal testing for their products and use only natural ingredients. (Reyes,2017).
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the research methodology of the study, including

the research design, locale, population, sample, research instrument and data-

collection instrument.

Research Design

Quantitative descriptive research was response of them women ABM

students to the Senior High School girls of ABM in STI College Santa Rosa.

Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and

the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through

polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data

using computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on gathering

numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a

particular phenomenon McCune (2010). In the same way, according to Bhat,

2018, quantitative research templates are objective, elaborate and many a times,

investigational in nature. The results achieved from this research method are

logical, statistical and unbiased. Data collection happens using a structured

method and conducted on larger samples which represent the entire population.

According to Lee (2014), descriptive research is conclusive in nature, as

opposed to exploratory. This means that descriptive research gathers

quantifiable information that can be used for statistical inference on your target

audience through data analysis. Therefore, this type of research takes the form
of closed-ended questions, which limits its ability to provide unique insights.

However, used properly it can help an organization better define and measure

the significance of something about a group of respondents and the population

they represent.

The researcher choose quantitative descriptive because it emphasize

objective measurement and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of

data collected through questioners and surveys. Also, it tries to quantify the

problem and understand how prevalent it is by looking for projectable results to a

larger population, so it is applicable for this research.

Locale and Population

The study was conducted at the selected track of Senior High Student at

STI College Santa Rosa. ABM track is included in the study lipstick are mostly

used by women but only a girls of ABM track is in our scope because of the study

is design for a women which is the Natural Lipsticks.

In grade 11 Senior High Student of ABM track in STI College Santa

Rosa they have only 2 sections which is ABM 1A and ABM 1C with a total of 33

girls. While in grade 12 it has 3 section which is ABM 1A, ABM 1C and ABM 2A

which was comprised of 65 girls for the school year of 2018-2019.

Research Sample

The respondents were selected from the total of population of the

study. Solvin’s Formula was used to compute the total number of the
respondents for each section that was needed for the study. Number of

respondents for each section was divided using percentage frequency

distribution. The population of each section was divided to the total of population

of all Grade Level included in the study to arrive at a specific number. The table

showed the population, sample and percentage of each Grade Level in the study

TABLE 1
Population and Sample of each section in ABM girl’s student of STI College
Santa Rosa

Grade Level Population Sample Percentage

11 33 27 0.3367

12 65 52 0.6633

Total 134 79 1.00

Table 1 discuss the population and sample of each section in girls’

students of ABM strand in STI College Santa Rosa

Research instrument

A 19-item researcher made questionnaire about Natural Lip tint will be

prepared for Senior High ABM girls Student of STI College Santa Rosa. The test

is divided into two parts, first is profile, second is the evaluation of the product.

The researcher will be using a 5-point Likert Scale to measure and

categorize the performance of the product. Likert Scale is a rating scale that

indicate the respondent`s satisfactory. Table 2 shows the Interval and its Verbal

Interpretation.
 TABLE 2
Verbal Interpretation for Mean Score

Mean Score Verbal

Interpretation
4.21 - 5.00 Outstanding
3.41 - 4.20 Good
2.61 - 3.40 Satisfactory
1.81 - 2.60 Needs
Improvement
This scale has a
1.00 - 1.80 Poor
numeric value that describe

the range of possible attitudes about something from poor to outstanding. The

objective of this scale is for a positive trend it should enable the researcher to

discover problems, take action, measure and look for improvements in results.

Statistical Treatment of the Data

In accomplishing the goals of the study, Slovin`s Formula, Percentage

Frequency Distribution, Weighted Mean was used.

1. Solvin`s Formula:

n=
where: n = number of samples or respondents of the study

N = total population

e = margin of error

Solvin`s Formula was used to the number of every section of girls in

ABM Grade 11 and 12 students in STI College Santa Rosa to identify the total

number of respondents of the research in the school of 2018 – 2019.

2. Percentage Frequency Distribution

%=

where: % = percentage

f = frequency

N = total population

Percentage Frequency Distribution was used to divide the number of

respondents in population of each grade level that is included in the study.

 3. Weighted Mean

£=

where: £ = weighted mean

f = frequency

x = middle value

N = total population

Mean is a measure of central value. It was used to compute for the

average of the mean score and the total score of the respondents

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wearing-lipstick-will-surprise-you/47932

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13653

ROGULEVA LIP TINT made of

Rose Gumamela Lemon and Vannilla

A research paper presentedto the faculty of

STI College, Santa Rosa

In partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the subject Practical Research 2

 By:

Batino, Dreb Kenneth

Calica, Mia Bianca
Geguera, Joseph Sebastian
Magote, Christine Joyce
Maligaya, Khim Jewel
Maloles, Lance Christian
Rico, Johnrelle

To:

Mr. Kenneth D. Dugay

Subject Facilitator