Tackle CAT: Time SP Eed and Distance
Tackle CAT: Time SP Eed and Distance
Tackle CAT: Time SP Eed and Distance
TA D
E D A N
S PE
TIME N C E
DIST A
CAT
Tackle Time, Speed & Distance for CAT
Basics
Time, speed and distance (TSD) is one of the most
popular topics in CAT. Almost 2 to 3 questions in the
paper are asked from this chapter every year. The
concept of time, speed and distance is also used
extensively for questions relating to different areas in
various other examinations.Students should try to
understand the inter-relationship between the factors
time, speed and distance.
The most important relationship between time, speed
and distance is
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(b) Trains
(c) Relative Speed
(d) Races
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Sol: 40 15 = 10 km.
60
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Since, time is given in minutes and the required
answer is in km/h, we need to convert time into
equivalent hours.
90 minutes = 90 = 1.5 hours.
60
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Ex.4(a). If the distance traveled by Mike be 60 km, then
what was his usual speed and what was the speed
on this occasion?
Sol: Usual time taken = 50 minutes = 5 hours
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by them to cover identical distance will be in the
ratio of 4:3.
Average Speed
Case 1: When the time taken is the same:
The average speed of traveling at two different speeds
for the same time span is just the simple average of
these two speeds. So, if two speeds are a and b units.
ab
Average Speed =
2
Case 2: When the distance travelled is the same:
However, the above simple average rule does not work
when the time span of each of the different speeds is
different and only the distance is the same. In this case,
one should take the simple average of the inverses of the
two speeds and then again inverse the speed.
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Let the two speeds be akmph and bkmph.
Let the distance traveled in each of the speeds be x km.
x x
Time taken to cover x km at ‘a’ kmph= & at ‘b’ kmph=
a b
x x bx ax x(b a )
Total time taken = + = = , and the total
a b ab ab
distance covered = 2x.
2ab
Therefore, average speed = 2x = .
x ( a b) ab
ab
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two hours. Therefore, his average speed = 55
kmph.
Ex.6. On my way from the office to the Pimpri class, I
drive at 30 kmph and on the return journey I drive
at 45 kmph. What is my average speed of travel?
Sol: 37.5 kmph is incorrect as the time traveled is
different in both the cases and only the distances
are same.
Let the distance between the office and Pimpri
class be x km.
Time taken on my onward journey = x
hours and
30
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Relative Speed and Trains
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and the distance is the sum of the lengths of both
the trains
When it crosses a car / bicycle / a mobile man - in
these cases again the relative speed between the
train and the object is taken depending upon the
direction of the movement of the other object
relative to the train - and the distance traveled is
the length of the train.
Let us see some cases:
Case 1.When two trains are crossing each other
Let us assume that the trains of length L1 and L2
and speed V1 m/s and V2 m/s respectively are
crossing each other;
i. The direction of the movement of both the trains
are the same:
L1/V1
L2/V2
Relative speed = | V1 - V2 |
Total distance covered = L1 + L2
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ii. The direction of the movement of both the trains
are opposite:
L1/V1
L2/V2
Relative speed = | V1 + V2 |
Total distance covered = L1 + L2
Case 2.When a train is crossing a stationary object
i. When the trains is crossing a pole or a stationary
human being:
A A
(Fig. 1) (Fig. 2)
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Relative speed = V1 + V2 since V2 = 0, then, the
relative speed = V2
Total distance covered = L1 + L2, since L2 (width of
the pole) is negligible with respect to L2 (Length of
the train), so we do not consider h while calculating
the quantities. Thus, distance = L1.
However, it should be remembered that this is
mathematically not correct and all the solutions
are on the assumption that the width of the pole is
zero, which is obviously not true.
Case 3.When the train is crossing a platform or a
standing train.
Relative speed = V1 + V2
Where V1 is the speed of the moving train and V2
is the speed of the standing train or the platform.
Since V2 = 0, so the relative speed = V1
Total distance covered = L1 + L2
Where L1 is the length of the moving train and L2 is
the length of the standing train or the platform.
Ex.7. A train traveling at 60 kmph crosses a man
standing on platform in 6 seconds. What is the
length of the train?
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Sol: Speed in m/sec = 60 5/18= 50/3 m/sec.
Time taken to cross the man = 6 seconds.
Therefore, distance traveled = 50/3 6 = 100 meter
= length of the train.
Ex.8. A train traveling at 60 kmph crosses another train
traveling in the same direction at 50 kmph in 30
seconds. What is the combined length of both the
trains?
Sol: Speed of train A in m/sec = 60 5/18= 50/3m/sec
Speed of train B in m/sec = 125/9 m/sec
The relative speed is = 50/3 - 125/9= 25/9 m/sec.
Time taken for train A to cross train B = 30
seconds.
Therefore, distance traveled = 25/930 = 250/3
meter
= Combined length of two trains.
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movement. And the distance covered by boat is known
as downstream distance.
Upstream movement: When the direction the movement
of the river and a boat is opposite, they are said to be in
upstream movement. The distance covered in this case
is known as upstream distance.
If the speed of the river = R and the speed of the boat - B.
then upstream speed = B - R (Conventionally the speed of
boat is taken more the than speed of the river.)
In most of the cases of boats and streams. The distance
covered downstream and upstream are the same.In
those cases, the ratio of the time taken becomes inverse
of the ratio of the speeds.
Time taken downstream upstreamspeed
i.e.
Time taken upstream downstramspeed
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(iii) If the upstream is denoted as U and downstream
is denoted as D then
D U D U
(iv) B= ., W= .
2 2
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Speed on this occasion = 5 X km/hr
4
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kmph, while on the return journey, the train is able
to average a speed of 100 kmph. What is the
average speed of the train on its entire journey?
2ab 2 80 100
Sol: Average speed = =
a b 180
= 800 = 88
8
km/hr
9 9
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Ex.14. A train crosses a signpost in 6 seconds and a car
traveling in the same direction at 50 kmph in 72
seconds. What is the length of train and the speed
at which it is traveling?
Sol: Case I:
Let X km/hrbe the speed of the train. = X 5 m/sec
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we get 5X
= 20 (X – 50).
3
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Concept of Circular Motion
Let us explore the concept of circular motion. It involves
analyzing problems which involve circular tracks. people
generally move around a track clockwise or anti
clockwise at different speeds. The basic objective of this
concept is generally to calculate:
I. the time of meeting of people (running around the
track) at the starting point again after they started.
II. meeting for the first time anywhere on the track.
III. At how many distinct points do people meet while
running on the circular track.
Time to meet at the Starting point: The concept here is
that firstly the time taken by each of the persons to run
one complete round at their respective speeds and then
take the L.C.M of these times. This LCM gives the time of
their meeting again at the starting point.
Illustration: There is a track with a length of 120 mtrs and
2 people, A & B, are running around it at 12 m/min and 20
m/min respectively in the same direction.
Now, the time of their meeting again at the starting point
will be the LCM of 120 & 120 i.e. 10 & 6, which is 30 mins.
12 20
20
So, after 30 mins these people will be together at the
starting point.
You can also check this as after 30 mins A would have
taken 3 rounds and B would have taken 30 5 rounds. So
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after completing 3 & 5 rounds they will be at the starting
point.
Time to meet anywhere: Now to meet for the first time
the faster person has to complete one full round extra
over the slower person. The faster person is ahead of the
slower one right from the first minute only due to his
speed being higher than the speed of the other and they
both are moving in the same direction. It can be said that
when the faster is ahead of the slower by one full track
length, he will be overtaking the slower person from
behind. Now, at this very moment these people meet.
In order to calculate the time we can say that time of
tracklength
meeting = .
relative speed
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In order to visualize we can say that B covers 8 mtr/min
extra over A. So when B covers 120 mtrs. extra he will
overtake A from the behind and hence they both will
meet.
No. of points: Let's suppose the question now is at how
many different points do people running around a
circular track meet.
The logic that operates behind this problem: if we divide
the time of their first meeting at the starting point with
the time of their first meeting anywhere on the track, we
get the number of points at which these people would
meet including the starting point.
Again considering the data from the above example, we
can say that number of points = 30 2 points
15
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So, all the three parts can be represented in the following
table:
Same Direction Opposite
Direction
Time to reach initial L.C.M x x
, L.C.M x x
,
a b a b
point first time
Time to meet for the x x
| a b| ab
first time on track
No. of distinct Lowest ratio of Lowest ratio of
meeting Points a & b =c:d a & b =c:d (say)
(say) Then No. Then No. of
of distinct distinct
meeting meeting
Points= |c-d| Points= c+d
Races
In a race, one can give other a head start of distance or
time. When the terminologies, A gives B a start of 10
meter or A beats B by 10 meter in a 100 meter race, is
used, it means that when A completes 100 meter B
would have completed only 90 meter. So, we can take
following two cases.
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Case 1. A gives a start of 10m to B When B has
already run 10m, then A starts running.
A B
10m 90m
Case 2. A gives a start of 10 secs to B B has already
run for 10 secs, now A starts running.
A B
10v
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Or B can give C a start of 26.67 meter in a 400
meter race.
Ex.17. A gives B a start of 20 meter in a 200-meter race
and B gives C a start of 27 meter in a 300 meter
race. How much start can A give C in a half km
race?
Sol: Race 1: Length 200 meter.
When A reaches 200 meter, B reaches 180 meter.
When A reaches 100 meter B reaches 90 meter.
Race 2: Length 300 meter.
When B reaches 300 meter, C reaches 273 meter
When B reaches 100 meter, C reaches 91 meter.
Therefore, in a 100 meter race, when A finishes 100
meter C finishes 90 91 = 81.9 meter.
100
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Ex.18. Tom can run a km in 9 minutes and 54 seconds,
while Jerry can run in 10 minutes. How many
metres start can Tom give Jerry?
Sol: Since, Jerry takes 6 seconds longer than Tom, the
start that Tom can give Jerry is the distance that
Jerry can cover in 6 s.
In 10 minutes Jerry can run 1000 metre.
Therefore, in 6 seconds he can run 1000 6/600 =
10 metre
Tom can give Jerry a start of 10m
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