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Single Aisle TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

21 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


AIR CONDITIONING, VENTILATION AND
PRESSURIZATION INTRODUCTION
This chapter covers the air conditioning, ventilation and pressurization
systems.
The basic airflow through the pressurized part of the fuselage starts with
the pneumatic system.
Hot, high pressure air is supplied to two packs. The packs are responsible
for basic temperature regulation.
From the packs the air is distributed throughout the aircraft.
The pressurization system controls the airflow overboard to maintain the
cabin pressurization within safe limits.
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AIR CONDITIONING, VENTILATION AND PRESSURIZATION INTRODUCTION

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21 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


BASIC AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
The pneumatic system supplies air to each pack. The packs are responsible
for BASIC temperature regulation.
Temperature regulated pack discharge air is sent to the mixer unit.
At the mixer unit, the air is mixed with air re-circulated from the main
cabin. This reduces the overall bleed demand and saves fuel.
From the mixer, the air is distributed to the cockpit and the forward and
aft cabin zones.
Some of the air from the pneumatic system is used for the OPTIMIZED
temperature regulation system. This hot air is mixed with the air from
the mixer to adjust the temperature in each zone independently.
The air is distributed throughout the cabin and finally, discharged
overboard through the outflow valve to maintain pressurization.
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BASIC AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

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21 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


PACK INTRODUCTION
The Single Aisle family is equipped with two air conditioning packs
located in the wing root area forward of the landing gear bay. The packs
supply dry air to the cabin for air conditioning, ventilation and
pressurization.
The main component of each pack assembly is the air cycle machine.
Hot air from the pneumatic system is supplied to the pack through the
pack Flow Control Valve (FCV). The FCV adjusts the flow rate through
the pack and is the pack Shut-Off Valve (SOV).
Two Air Conditioning System Controllers (ACSC) 1 and 2. ACSC 1
sends the pack outlet temperature demand to pack 1. ACSC 2 sends the
pack outlet temperature demand to pack 2. To control the pack outlet
temperature, the ACSC modulates the BYPASS VALVE and the
RAM-AIR INLET doors. For maximum cooling, the ram-air doors are
fully open and the bypass valve is fully closed. For maximum heating,
the ram-air doors are nearly closed and the bypass valve is fully open.
During takeoff and landing, the ram air inlet doors will be driven fully
closed to stop the ingestion of foreign matter.
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PACK INTRODUCTION

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21 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


ZONE TEMPERATURE REGULATION SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
The packs supply the mixer unit. Three separate aircraft zones are supplied
from the mixer unit:
- cockpit,
- forward cabin,
- aft cabin.
Two cabin recirculation fans are installed to reduce the bleed air demand
and therefore save fuel. These fans establish a recirculation flow of air
from the cabin zones to the mixer unit. In normal operation, there are no
ECAM indications associated with the cabin fans.
The ACSC control and monitor the temperature regulation system for
the cabin zones. On the overhead AIR CONDitioning panel, the flight
crew selects the desired individual compartment temperature. The ACSC
compares the demand to the actual temperature in each zone. ACSC 1
monitors the temperature of the flight deck zone and sends the pack outlet
temperature demand to pack 1. ACSC 2 monitors the temperature of the
forward and aft cabins and sends the pack outlet temperature demand to
pack 2.
The trim air Pressure Regulating Valve (PRV) and the trim air valves are
controlled by the ACSCs. In the case of any duct overheat, the Trim air
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PRV and the trim air valves will automatically close to isolate the system.
The system can be reset when the overheat disappears.

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ZONE TEMPERATURE REGULATION SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

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21 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


CONTROL AND INDICATING
This section will highlight the control panels and indications for the air
conditioning system.
CONTROL PANELS
On the overhead panel, the AIR COND panel is used by the pilot to
control the air conditioning system. This panel contains the PACK
switches, the zone temperature selectors, the PACK FLOW control,
and the HOT AIR control switch.
On the overhead, the VENTILATION panel contains the CABin
FANS pushbutton switch. The switch is used to select the recirculation
fans OFF.
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CONTROL AND INDICATING - CONTROL PANELS

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21 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


CONTROL AND INDICATING (continued)
ECAM PAGES
Basic temperature regulation is accomplished by the packs. Pack
parameters, such as pack flow and bypass valve position are found
on the upper section of the ECAM BLEED page.
The ECAM AIR COND page contains the optimized temperature
regulation parameters, such as duct temperature, zone temperature
and trim air system indications.
The ECAM CRUISE page also contains zone temperature indications.
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CONTROL AND INDICATING - ECAM PAGES

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CONTROL AND INDICATING - ECAM PAGES

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21 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


COMPONENT LOCATION
The left and right packs are located in the air conditioning bay. The air
conditioning bay is located in the unpressurized belly fairing forward of
the wheel well on the lower fuselage. The belly fairing has inlets for pack
and compartment cooling.
The packs supply air to the mixer unit. The mixer unit is installed at the
rear of the forward cargo compartment. It mixes air from the packs and
re-circulated air from the cabin prior to distribution to each zone.
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COMPONENT LOCATION

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21 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


MAINTENANCE/TEST FACILITIES
The ACSC are connected to the CFDIU for test purposes and fault
reporting, available on the MCDU.
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MAINTENANCE/TEST FACILITIES

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21 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
When you work on the aircraft, make sure you obey all the AMM
procedures. This will prevent injury to personnel and/or damage to the
aircraft. Here is an overview of the main safety procedures related to the
air conditioning system.
Make sure that air is not supplied to the air conditioning system from the
main engine, the APU or a ground source during maintenance. Hot
compressed air can cause injury to personnel.
When you are working with harmful products, use protective clothing,
rubber gloves and goggles as necessary.
Do not touch a component until it is sufficiently cool to prevent burns.
Make sure that there are no personnel or equipment near the ram air
outlets (if installed) and inlets. Hot exhaust gases can cause injury to
persons and/or damage to equipment.
Keep away from the moving and energized parts when you operate or
test the valves and the flaps.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

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21 VENTILATION SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


GENERAL
There are two ventilation systems on the Single Aisle (SA) family,
avionics ventilation and lavatory and galley ventilation.

AVIONICS VENTILATION
The avionics ventilation system supplements the air conditioning system
to supply cooling air to the avionics equipment. This equipment includes
the avionics compartment, the flight deck instruments and the circuit
breaker panels.
A blower fan and an extraction fan circulate the air through the avionics
equipment.

NOTE: Note: these fans operate continuously as long as the A/C


electrical system is supplied.
The Avionics Equipment Ventilation Computer (AEVC) controls the
fans and the configuration of the skin valves in the avionics ventilation
system based on flight/ground logic and fuselage skin temperature.
There are 3 configurations for the skin air inlet and outlet valves:
- open circuit: both valves open (on ground only),
- closed circuit: both valves closed (in flight or low outside air temperature
on ground). The air is cooled in the skin heater exchanger. The skin heat
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exchanger is a chamber, which lets the air contact the fuselage skin in
flight,
- intermediate circuit: inlet closed, outlet partially open (smoke removal
in flight or low ventilation airflow condition).

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GENERAL & AVIONICS VENTILATION

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GENERAL & AVIONICS VENTILATION

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21 VENTILATION SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


LAVATORY AND GALLEY VENTILATION
The lavatory and galley ventilation system is completely automatic.
Conditioned cabin air is supplied through the lavatory and galley areas
and is removed from these areas by an extraction fan. The fan pulls air
through the ceiling into an extraction duct. The air is then discharged
overboard through the outflow valve.

NOTE: the extraction fan runs continuously, provided electrical power


is available.
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LAVATORY AND GALLEY VENTILATION

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21 VENTILATION SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


VENTILATION PANEL
The VENTILATION panel, on the overhead panel contains two P/Bs
associated with the ventilation system. With the BLOWER and
EXTRACT switches in the AUTO position (lights out), the avionics
ventilation system is fully automatic and requires no pilot input.
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VENTILATION PANEL

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21 VENTILATION SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


ECAM CAB PRESS PAGE
A section of the ECAM CABin PRESSure page displays avionics
ventilation system information. The skin valve configuration is displayed
on this page.
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ECAM CAB PRESS PAGE

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21 VENTILATION SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


COMPONENT LOCATION
The skin air inlet valve is located on the LH side of the fuselage.
The skin air outlet valve is on the RH side of the fuselage. A small
auxiliary flap will open for the intermediate circuit configuration. This
is thought to be the partially open position.
Both skin valves have a manual override and deactivation device.
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COMPONENT LOCATION

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21 VENTILATION SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


MAINTENANCE/TEST FACILITIES
The AEVC is connected to the Centralized Fault Display Interface Unit
(CFDIU) for test purposes and fault reporting, available on the MCDUs.
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MAINTENANCE/TEST FACILITIES

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
When you work on A/C, make sure you obey all the AMM procedures.
This will prevent injury to personnel and/or damage to the A/C. Here is
an overview of the main safety procedures related to the ventilation
system.
Do not use force to turn the manual handles of the valves. There are shear
pins in the handles.
Do not use your fingers to operate the deactivation switches. If the system
is energized, the valves could move.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

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21 CARGO VENTILATION & HEATING SYS PRES. (1)


SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
As an option on the Airbus single aisle family, the forward and aft cargo
compartments can have a ventilation system. In addition, a heating system
may be installed in either or both compartments. Note that the heating
system will only be installed along with a ventilation system.
The operation for both compartments is similar so we will only look at
the forward cargo compartment. Air from the main cabin is drawn down
into the cargo compartment by the extract fan or by differential pressure
in flight. After circulating through the compartment, the air is discharged
overboard.
The operation of the two isolation valves and the extract fan is controlled
automatically by the cargo Ventilation Controller (VC). One VC is able
to control either or both compartments.
For the heating of the cargo compartment, the pilots select the desired
compartment temp and hot bleed air is mixed with the air coming from
the main cabin to increase the temperature if necessary. The supply of
hot air is controlled by the Cargo Heating Controller. Each heated
compartment has a dedicated Cargo Heating Controller. Note that there
is NO direct air conditioning supply to the cargo compartments. The
pilots cannot add "cold" air to the compartments.
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SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

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21 CARGO VENTILATION & HEATING SYS PRES. (1)


CONTROL AND INDICATING
This section will highlight the control panels and indications for the cargo
ventilation and heating systems.
CONTROL PANELS
On the cockpit overhead panel, the CARGO HEAT panel contains
the controls associated with cargo ventilation and heating. Again,
based on the customer options, several variations may be found:
ventilation in either one compartment or both, or ventilation and
heating in one compartment or both.
For each ventilated cargo compartment there is an ISOLATION
VALVE P/B switch that controls the isolation valves. In the auto
position the cargo VC will automatically open and close the isolation
valves.
In case of cargo smoke detected, the cargo ventilation controller will
automatically close the related isolation valves.
For each heated compartment, the temperature selectors signal the
associated Cargo Heating Controller to move the trim air valves to
adjust the temperature of the air entering the compartment.
The forward cargo trim air system is fed from the cabin hot air valve
but the HOT AIR P/B switch controls the aft cargo compartment hot
air valve.
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CONTROL AND INDICATING - CONTROL PANELS

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21 CARGO VENTILATION & HEATING SYS PRES. (1)


CONTROL AND INDICATING (continued)
ECAM COND PAGE
The indications linked to the cargo compartments are displayed on
the ECAM COND page. Note that the indications are only displayed
if the system is installed.
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CONTROL AND INDICATING - ECAM COND PAGE

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21 CARGO VENTILATION & HEATING SYS PRES. (1)


COMPONENT LOCATION
The isolation valves and extract fans of the forward cargo compartment
ventilation system are located behind the compartment sidewall panels.
The air inlets and outlets are protected by grills.
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COMPONENT LOCATION

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COMPONENT LOCATION (continued)
AFT CARGO COMPARTMENT COMPONENT
LOCATION
In the aft cargo compartment the isolation valves and extract fans are
installed in the left sidewall and near the compartment ceiling.
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COMPONENT LOCATION - AFT CARGO COMPARTMENT COMPONENT LOCATION

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MAINTENANCE/TEST FACILITIES
The two cargo heating controllers and the cargo VC are connected to the
Centralized Fault Display Interface Unit (CFDIU) for test purposes and
fault reporting.
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MAINTENANCE/TEST FACILITIES

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
When you work on aircraft, make sure that you obey all the AMM
procedures. This will prevent injury to personnel and/or damage to the
aircraft. Here is an overview of the main safety procedures related to the
cargo compartment heating and ventilation system.
When you are in contact with harmful products, use protective clothing,
rubber gloves and goggles.
Do not touch a component until it is sufficiently cool to prevent burns.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

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21 PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
The pressurization system on the Single Aisle (SA) family normally
operates automatically to adjust the cabin altitude and rate of climb to
ensure maximum passenger comfort and safety.
The pressurized areas are:
- the cockpit,
- the avionics bay,
- the cabin,
- the cargo compartments.
The concept of the system is simple. Air is supplied from the air
conditioning packs to the pressurized areas.
An outflow valve is used to regulate the amount of air allowed to escape
from the pressurized areas.
Two Cabin Pressure Controllers (CPCs) carry out the automatic control
of the outflow valve. Each CPC controls one electric motor on the outflow
valve assembly. The CPC interfaces with other A/C computers to optimize
the pressurization/depressurization schedule.
There are two automatic pressurization systems. Each CPC and its electric
motor make one system. Only one system operates at a time with the
other system acting as backup in case of a failure. The system in command
will alternate each flight.
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A third motor is installed for manual operation of the outflow valve in


case both automatic systems fail.
To protect the fuselage against excessive cabin differential pressure,
safety valves are installed on the rear pressure bulkhead. The safety valves
also protect against negative differential pressure.
The Residual Pressure Control Unit ( RPCU ) controls the residual
pressure in the cabin and takes over the control of the outflow valve
automatically by providing power directly to the manual motor of the
outflow valve.

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SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

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CONTROL AND INDICATING
This section will highlight the control panels and indications for the
pressurization system.
CONTROL PANEL
The CABIN PRESSure control panel is installed on the overhead
panel. The panel includes both automatic and manual pressurization
controls.
The MODE SELect switch lets the system be used in automatic or
manual mode, in case of failure of the automatic function.
When the manual mode is selected, the MANual Vertical Speed (V/S)
ConTroL switch is used to directly control the outflow valve
(indirectly, the cabin rate of climb) using the third motor.
The guarded DITCHING switch is used to close all lower fuselage
valves so that the A/C can be sealed in the unlikely event of a ditching.
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CONTROL AND INDICATING - CONTROL PANEL

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21 PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


CONTROL AND INDICATING (continued)
ECAM PAGES
The crew can monitor all cabin pressure functions on the ECAM
CABin PRESS page.
Some of the pressurization parameters are repeated on the ECAM
CRUISE page.
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CONTROL AND INDICATING - ECAM PAGES

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21 PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


COMPONENT LOCATION
Pressurization is achieved by means of a dual gate type outflow valve.
The outflow valve is operated by three electrical motors; two for automatic
mode and one for manual mode.
Two safety valves are installed on the pressure bulkhead at the rear of
the cabin.
The RPCU is installed in the right-hand side of the avionics compartment.
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COMPONENT LOCATION

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21 PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


MAINTENANCE/TEST FACILITIES
The two CPCs are connected to the Centralized Fault Display Interface
Unit (CFDIU) for test purposes and fault reporting.
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MAINTENANCE/TEST FACILITIES

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21 PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM PRESENTATION (1)


SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
When you work on A/C, make sure you obey all the Aircraft Maintenance
Manual (AMM) procedures. This will prevent injury to personnel and/or
damage to the A/C. Here is an overview of the main safety procedures
related to the pressurization system.
The outflow valve may be operated manually to pressurize the A/C on
the ground.
Use caution when doing the CPC test from the MCDU. The outflow valve
cycles closed during the test.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

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