International design

Grammar Past Simple; Present Perfect Simple

and Present Perfect Continuous
INTRODUCTION 1 Work in pairs. Look at the buildings in the article in 2 . Discuss which ones you
like. What do you think they are used for?

2 Read about the person who designed the buildings. Answer the questions below.

Zaha Hadid has designed some of the world's most famous and unusual
modern buildings: the Aquatic Centre for the London 2012 Olympics, the
Guangzhou Opera House in China, and the BMW Central Building in Germany.
Zaha was born in Baghdad in 1950. She received a degree in mathematics
from the American University of Beirut and then moved to the UK. She has
lived in London since 1972.
She set up her own architectural office in 1980, and has been working there
ever since. In 2004, she became the first woman to receive the Pritzker Award
prize, and in 2010 and 2011, she won the Stirling Prize for architecture.
She is not just an architect. She has also been designing products for some
time, including a range of unusual sofas and shelving units, called 'Dune
Formations'. The idea for the design came from the Sumerian deserts which
she visited as a teenager.
Recently, she has been working on projects in Korea, China, Italy, and France.
But perhaps the most exciting of all is the Central Bank of Iraq, her first
project in her native country.

1 What does Zaha Hadid do?

2 Where was she born?
3 How long has she lived in London?
4 How long has she had her own business?
5 How many times has she won the Stirling Prize?
6 What inspired her 'Dune Formations' design?
7 What has she been doing recently?
~ Watch the video for 3 Which architects or designers (e.g. fashion, furniture, jewellery, etc.) do you
D more practi ce.
like? What do you know about their backgrounds?

18 Unit 2 Grammar .000 0

 Focus
Read the sentences. Find examples of the Past Simple, Present Perfect Simple, and
Present Perfect Continuous.
Hadid has designed some of the world's most famous and unusual modern buildings.
She set up her own architectural office in London in 1980, and has been working there
ever since.
In 2010 and 2011, she won the Stirling Prize for architecture.
She has also been designing products for some time.
She has lived in London since 1972.
Complete the rules with Past Simple, Present Perfect Simple, or Present Perfect
Continuous.
We use the for finished actions and situations in the past.
We use the or for situations that began in the
past and continue to the present.
We use the for past actions with results in the present.
We usually use the when we want to focus on the result or
completion of the action.
We usually use the when we want to focus on the activity rather
than the completed action.
C For and practice, go to the Review section on pages 26 and 27.

PRACTICE 4 Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences.

1 I did / have been doing my present job for two years.
2 Karl didn't have / hasn't had a day off so far this year.
3 Paula has written / been writing her report since yesterday.
4 Did you go / Have you been to the cinema recently?
5 She has won / won three awards already and she's only 20.
6 Did you ever climb / Have you ever climbed up the Eiffel Tower?
7 Our annual sales never went / have never gone over $100 million.
S A new all-electric car has been launched / was launched last month.
9 I have been waiting / waited all evening, but she still hasn't called.
10 He has designed / has been designing some very famous products, like the Ant Chair.

S 2.1 Listen to a conversation about the designer Nada Debs.

Are these statements true or false? Correct the false statements.
1 Nada Debs was born in Kobe, Japan.
2 She studied at design school in the USA.
3 She's been living in London since 1999.
4 She has lived in four countries.
5 Her experiences in Japan have influenced her designs.
6 Her business has been doing very well recently.
7 There are shops around the world which sell her products .

• 000 0 Grammar Unit 2 19

 6 Complete the questions for these answers.
1 Howmany __________________________________________________
I've had three jobs since I left college.
2 VVhat __________________________________________________
My first job was working part-time in a supermarket.
3 VVhat _____________________________________________________ ?
I'm an architect.
4 VVho ____________________________________________________ ?
I work for SHK Associates.
5 Howlong _________________________________________________
I've been working there for about two years.
6 VVhere _____________________________________________________ ?
I've been to Oman and Saudi Arabia on business.

7 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in 6. Use information about
yourself in the answers.

8 2.2 Listen and complete the questions and answers. Practise saying the
short forms.
1 A been doing?
B looking after a visitor.
2 A done today?
B all her marketing reports.
3 A in the office yet?
B No, working from home.
4 A the weather been like?
B really sunny.

9 Write six sentences about yourself: three true and three false. Use these prompts.
1 I've been .. .
2 I've won .. .
3 I've never .. .
4 I've always . . .
5 Recently, .. .
6 Last month, ...

10 Work in pairs. Exchange your sentences in 9. Guess which three of your

partner's sentences are false.

TASK 11 Work in pairs. Exchange information about two famous designers. Student A,
go to page 126. Student B, go to page 130.

20 Unit 2 Grammar .000 0

 Vocabulary Starting a new business;
phrasal verbs
1 Work in pairs and discuss these questions.
1 Have you ever thought about starting your own business? If so, what kind of
business would it be?
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of running your own company?

2 Work in pairs. Read the article and add these headings to paragraph s 1-5.
Ask for advice Know your customer Location, location, location
Make a financial plan Planning is the key to success

So you're an entrepreneur and you want to set up your own company. According
to a recent study in the UK, about one in three new businesses fail during their
first year, and about 50% within the first three years. So it's hard. But don't let that
put you off. Setting up a business is risky, but you can succeed if you follow some
simple advice.
Planning is the key to success
It's important to carry out research before you start your business. Contact people
who work in the same field and find out what they do. Go to trade fa irs and look
into different business models. What is different about your company?

If you don't have much business know ledge, you should ask for help. Professional
business analysts can point out weaknesses in your business model. It's important
to sort out any problems before you start. Mistakes are expensive!

Make sure you put together a clear financial plan for your first few years. Break it
down so that you know your costs and earnings. What bil ls do you expect to pay?
Will you have to hire extra staff during busy periods? If you have a family, who will
look after your children when you work late? You may need to pay someone l

To be successful, your company must meet a need in the marketplace. Carrying out
informal surveys is a good way of getting to know your potentia l customers. So don't ·
be shyl Find out what they rea lly think. Ask them l

You can have the best restaurant in town, but if it's in the wrong place, no one will
come and your business will fail within a year. If you're opening a warehouse, good
transport links and cheap renta l costs wil l be a priority. Look into different areas and
different towns. Don't just look at the places you know.

3 Work in pairs. Do you agree with the advice in 2 ? What other advice can you
think offor setting up a new company?

4 Look back at the article in 2 . Match the phrasal verbs in blue with these
meanings.
1 do or complete something
2 Type
start or create (e.g. a text here
business)
3 discourage or stop you from wanting to do something
4 get information about something
5 indicate or draw attention to
6 care for
7 deal with a problem successfully
8 examine or investigate something
9 analyse or divide something into parts
10 make or prepare something

• • 00 0 Vocabulary Unit 2 21
 5 Work in pairs. Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs. Use the
meanings in 4 to help you.
broken it down carried it out found out look after look into
pointed it out put it together put me off set it up sort them out
1 He's been running the business for ten years. He in 2004.
2 We had a few problems with the software, but we've managed to _ _ __ _
3 We've received some complaints about our helpline. My manager's asked me
to the situation.
4 If you look at this pie chart, you can see our sales. I've by region.
5 My dogs will miss me while I'm away. I've asked my neighbour to
___ __ them.
6 The research is quite old now. We _ _ _ _ _ three years ago.
7 The factory in Wales is closing down. I only about it yesterday.
S He made an error in his calculations, so I to him.
9 Have you read my five-year plan yet? I _ _ _ _ _ last month.
10 I was going to buy a smartphone, but my girlfriend _ _ _ _ _ . She said
they're not very good.
6 Look at the phrasal verbs in 5 . Which of them are separable and which are
inseparable?
Examples set it up (separable) look after them (inseparable)

7 Work in pairs and discuss these questions.

1 Have you found out any interesting news recently?
2 Do you know anyone who has set up a business?
3 Do you ever look after other people's children or pets?
4 What are you looking into doing at the moment? (e.g. buying a car, planning
a holiday)
5 Do you usually point out other people's mistakes to them?
6 What problems have you sorted out recently?
7 Do you ever carry out research?
S Has anyone put you off doing something recently?
8 Work in pairs. Look at the phrasal verbs in the diagrams. Check the meanings
in a dictionary. Then complete the sentences with the correct words.

down on after
" :::..,---_/

up off on over

1 I take my father. I'm similar to him in many ways.

2 I applied for a job with them, but they turned me . I didn't have
enough experience.
3 After the plane took , they started serving drinks.
4 Please remember to turn your computer before you leave work.
5 They've taken 50 new workers so business must be doing well.
6 He turned an hour late for the meeting. It was really rude!
7 Large multinationals take small companies to get their market share.
S She turned the TV and started to watch the news.
9 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions using the phrasal verbs in 8 .
Examples Which member of your family do you take after?
When was the last time that you turned up late for a meeting?

10 Work in small groups. You are going to give a presentation. Go to page 127.

22 Unit 2 Vocabulary __ D D D
Work skills Team meetings
1 Work in pairs and discuss these questions.
1 Do you ever go to team meetings? Who is at the meetings? What do you
talk about? Where do you usually have the meetings? How long do they
usually last?
2 What makes a team meeting successful or unsuccessful? Think of examples.

2 Work in pairs. Look at the tips for the chair of a team meeting. Which do you
think are the five most essential things for the chair to do?

o Have a clear agenda. Email this to everyone before the meeting.

€) Keep to time. Don't spend too long on one agenda point.
9 Keep the atmosphere light and friendly.

o Agree action points for each item on the agenda. Summarize these at the end .

" Make sure everyone has the opportunity to speak.

o Allow time for informal conversation . This is important for team-building.
f) If a team member needs help, ask for volunteers, or offer help yourself.

o Make sure everyone understands issues. Ask for more details if necessary.

3 2.3 Listen to the extracts from a weekly team meeting. Are the statements
true or false?
1 Everyone is at the meeting.
2 The plans for the launch are on time.
3 The launch is over budget.
4 Carl and Sara are going to meet to discuss the budget.
S Liza is going to speak at the sales conference.
6 The meeting has lasted 30 minutes.
7 Koichi is going to email suggestions to everyone this week.
8 The next meeting will be in the same place.

4 2.3 Complete the sentences used by the chair of the meeting with these
words. Listen again and check.
discuss move on item help specific sum up fill us in make

1 Pieter can't the meeting today.

2 The first on the agenda is the product launch.
3 Would you like me to ?
4 Let's to the next point.
S Could you be a bit more ?
6 Would you like to on what's happening with that?
7 Does anyone have anything else they want to ?
8 To , we've agreed that Sara and I will meet to discuss the
budget for the launch, Liza is going to ...

5 Which of the tips in 2 does the chair of the meeting follow?

6 Work in groups. Have a 'team meeting' to discuss ideas for improving the class's
progress on this course. Take turns to be the chair. The chair introduces the
next agenda point and sums up at the end.
• Before the meeting, prepare an agenda (i.e. each person gives a brief progress
update and suggests one idea for improving progress in English).
• Agree action points for each suggestion made .

• • • 0 0 Work skills Un it 2 23
 Functions Checking progress; delegating tasks
INTRODUCTION 1 Read the email and answer the questions.
1 What is the purpose of the meeting?
2 What kind of company is this?
3 What season are they working on?
4 What are 'mannequins'?

Dear All
There is going to be a meeting tomorrow to discuss the window displays for our autumn collection.
Our aim is to have t he same display in all our department stores across Europe: the same t hemes, the
mannequins wearing the same clothes, etc.
f'3 Meet in conference room 3 at 11 a.m. Please find an agenda attached.
'" Thanks
Donna

2 . ») 2.4
Listen to the first part of the meeting referred to in 1. Find three
mistakes in the artist's sketch of the window display.

3 .»2.4 Choose the correct options to complete the sentences. Listen again
and check.
1 Have we ordered the bikes still / yet?
2 Britta, I / I'd like you to handle that.
3 Leave it on / with me.
4 I'd / I'm rather not because I have a lot of other work.

4 .»2.5 Listen to the second part of the meeting. Complete the notes.
Colin will arrange a meeting with _ _______ 1 suppliers at the beginning
of 2

Last year, the 3 of the display was wrong. Britta will fix this.

The 4 for the display is on maternity leave. 5 knows another

one: Sven Olsen.

5 e» 2.5 Complete the sentences with these words. Listen again and check.
able covered handle leave
1 Yes, I can _ _ __ that.
2 I won't be to do that because I'll be in New York.
3 Have we everything?
4 Can I this with you?

24 Unit 2 Functions • • • • 0
 Focus
Complete the table with the phrases from 3 and S.

Checking progress Delegating

How are we doing with the autumn Who's responsible for the lighting ... ?
collection ... ? Is anyone free to organize the
mannequins?

Agreeing to do something Saying you can't do something

Yes, I can do that. I'm not free, I'm afraid.

C) For more details and practice, go to the Rev iew section on page 29.

PRACTICE 6 Complete the conversation with these phrases

I'd like you to Have we covered How are we doing Icando
Is anyone free I won't be able to do that Leave it with me

Morgan _ _ __ _ __ 1 with the video for our window display?

Flavia Everything's going well. We recorded it last week. We should finish
editing it next month. Does that sound OK to you?
Morgan Yes, that's fine. 2 to show the video to our Managing

Director tomorrow?
Flavia Sorry, 3 because I have an all-day meeting.

Morgan What about Robert? Can he do it?

Flavia I'll ask him today. 4. I'll find someone.

Morgan Thanks. We also need someone to make the final payment for the video
production company. 5 handle that too, if it's OK.

Flavia Yes, _ _ _ _ _ _ _6 that.

Morgan Thanks. 7 everything?

Flavia Yes, that's it . ...

7 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

Example Can anyone do this job for me? (free)
Is anyone free to do this job for me?
1 I can do that job for you. (handle)
2 I'm busy. (free)
3 Who's in charge of recruitment? (responsible)
4 Louise, will you organize this job for me? (leave)
5 I don't want to go to the meeting because I have too much work. (rather not)

TASK 8 Work in groups of four. Student A, go to page 126. Student B, go to page 131.
Student C, go to page 135. Student D, go to page 136.
You are going to organize a window display for a department store. Hold the
meeting using the agenda below.
1 Apologies
2 Theme of display?
3 Mannequins - Appearance? Target customer?
4 Clothing - Which items of clothing? Brands? Talk to main supplier(s)?
5 Accessories, sportswear - need to agree what appears in display with local
store managers
6 A video - What to show? - get a price quote from production company
7 Summary

• • • • 0 Functions Unit 2 25
 Review
Grammar Past Simple; Present Perfect Simple
and Present Perfect Continuous

Form
Past Simple verb + -ed* I started my company in 2007.
He didn't go to university.
Where did she grow up?
Present Perfect Simple have/has + past We've bought a new car.
participle
I haven't seen him for ages.
Have you been to a fashion
show before?
Present Perfect Continuous have/has + -ing form I've been working on this
of the verb project for three years.
* For a list of irregular verbs, see Pocket Book pages 40- 43 .

Use
Past Simple
We use the Past Simple to talk about finished actions and situations in the past.
Example I lived in Shanghai from 2008 to 2012.

Present Perfect Simple

We use the Present Perfect Simple to talk about situations that link the past with
the present in the following ways.
We talk about situations that began in the past and continue to the present.
Examples She's been an architect since 1994.
She's been an architect for more than 10 years.
We use for to talk about periods of time and since to talk about the point when a
situation started.
We talk about past actions that are relevant to the present.
Example She has designed five office buildings.
(We are lookingfor someone with experience in office design.)
The actions may be finished or not depending on the sentence.
Examples She has designed five office buildings. (The buildings are complete.)
She has completed most of the design for a sixth office. (The building
is not complete.)
If we specify the time, we use the Past Simple.
Example She designed six office buildings last year.
We use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk about situations that began in the
past and continue to the present. The focus is on the activity and the period of
time rather than the result.
Example I've been trying to get through to David all morning. (It's taking a long
time.)

26 Unit 2 Review • • • • •
PRACTICE 1 Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences.
1 I have grown / grew up in Chicago, but I didn't go / haven't been back there
since my brother's wedding.
2 My parents emigrated / have emigrated to Chicago in the 1960s.
3 My brother lived / has lived there all his life: he's still there now.
4 He opened / has opened his first pizza shop in 1990.
5 In the early days, he didn't employ / hasn't employed any staff.
6 Since then, he opened / has opened ten pizza shops across the city.
7 He opened / has opened his most recent shop last year.
8 He gave / has given work to more than 500 people over the years.
9 He didn't have / hasn't had a holiday for five years, but yesterday he booked /
has booked a world cruise for next summer.

2 Write the questions for each of the sentences in 1.

1 Where did you grow up ?
2 When ___________________________________________________ ?
3 How long ?
4 When ?
5 Howmany ________________________________________________
6 Howmany ________________________________________________
7 When _________________________________________________
8 Howmany ________________________________________________
9 How often _________________________________ in the last ten years?

3 Complete the conversation using the verbs next to each line.

A Have you heard 1 the news about Manuel? hear
B No, what 2?
happen
A He 3 the company. leave
B Really! When this 4?
happen
A He 5 his notice yesterday. give
B That's a shock. He 6 here for years. be
A I know. I 7 him since he first started. know
B When you 8?
find out
10
A Rene 9 me at lunch today. Apparently he tell, speak
to Manuel yesterday.
B What he ll? say
A He 12 a new job. He 13 the interview last week find, have
and they 14 him the job already. offer
B That's great news for Manuel.

Vocabulary Starting a new business;

phrasal verbs
1 Match 1-8 with a-h.
1 set up h a the TV
2 put together g b new staff
3 carry out e c a problem
4 find out f d a child
5 sort out c e research
6 look after d f new information
7 take on b g a report
8 turn on a h a new company

• • • • • Review Unit 2 27
 2 Replace the words in italics in the sentences with these phrasal verbs.
Change the form of the verb if necessary.
look into point out put me off sort out take over turn off turn up turn it down
1 She arrived / _turned
__ up_ _ _ _ late for the meeting.
2 Can you shut down / _turn_off_ _ _ __ the computer?
3 I'm investigating / looking into the complaints from our customers.
4 She discouraged me from / put me off seeing the film . She said it
was awful!
5 A large multinational bought / _ took
_over
_ _ _ __ her company.
6 We made them an offer but they rejected it / _ turned
_ _it __
down __
7 He managed to solve / sort out the problem with the printer.
8 She drew my attention to / pointed out a few mistakes in the report.

3 • 2.6 Listen to the conversation and answer the questions.

her business plan (the plan for the fashion web
1 What did Mila discuss with a financial advisor? site she want to set up)
2 What is the problem with Mila's business plan? there is a lot of competition in that business mila
wants to get into and her concept isnt new
3 Has Mila done any research into other websites? yes
put together a marketing plan and break
4 What does Mila need to do before her next meeting? it down to markets
5 What problem does she have with her web designer?the web designer missed his deadline
6 Who is Claudia meeting? What is she going to do while she waits?
She is meeting Paulo. She is going to read the paper
4 .' 2.6 Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs. Listen again and check.
break it down carry out looked into pointed out
put together put you off sort out turns up
1 I need to _ carry
_ _out _ _ _ _ more research into existing fashion websites.
2 You've already _ looked
_ __ into _ _ _ the competition.
3 She pointed out that my idea is easy to copy.
4 Don't let that _ put_you
_off_ __ _ . I thought your idea was great.
5 I need to _put_ together
_ _ _ _ _ a marketing plan.
6 She wants me to _break _ __ it down
_ _ _ into markets.
7 I also need to sort out
_ _ _ __ ___ a few problems with our web designer.
8 He always _ _ turns
_up_ _ _ _ half an hour late!

Work skills Team meetings

1 Match 1-8 with a-h to make sentences from a team meeting.
1 I'm afraid Junko can't f a me to help?
2 The first item on e b to the next point.
3 Would you like a c they want to discuss?
4 Does anyone have d on what's happening with
anything else c the marketing campaign?
5 Could you be g e the agenda is the sales conference.
6 Let's move on b f make the meeting today.
7 So to sum up, we've h g a bit more specific?
8 Can you fill us in d h agreed that Tom is going to
write a report.

2 • 2.7 Listen to the beginning of a team meeting. Answer the questions.

1 Is there anyone who can't attend the meeting? If so, who? yes, Riita
2 What two things is Jay working on? adverts for the radio and news paper campaign
3 Why did they choose Radio 6 and Jazz FM for their adverts? their most
target market listen to them the

4 What has Jay done recently for the radio campaign? contacted some writers who works on radio ads
had a meeting w them last week and discussed
theyve worked with them in their 5 Why is he confident that the writers are good? some ideas
last radio campaign
6 What is Virginia working on? TV campaign

28 Unit 2 Review •••• •