Science: Your Target

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Electromagnetic Waves:Microwaves
Your Target
1.
A. MICROWAVES
Electromagnetic waves with a wavelength on the order of a few inches. Microwaves are longer than infrared
radiation and shorter than radio waves. Microwaves are used extensively for communication, both in satellite
television and for the transmission of long-distance telephone signals.
B. RADAR
A device or system consisting usually of a synchronized radio transmitter and receiver that emits radio waves
and processes their reflections for display and is used especially for detecting and locating objects (such as
aircraft) or surface features (as of a planet).
C. CELLPHONE
Cellphone is a radio transmitter and receiver that uses microwaves. Cellular phones depend on overlapping
network cells or areas of land several kilometers in diameter.
2. Microwaves are produced inside the oven by an electron tube called a magnetron. The microwaves are
reflected within the metal interior of the oven where they are absorbed by food. Microwaves cause water
molecules in food to vibrate, producing heat that cooks the food.
3. Microwaves are most commonly used in satellite communications, radar signals, phones, and navigational
applications. Other applications where microwaves used are medical treatments, drying materials, and in
households for the preparation of food.
Try this
1. A
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. D
Do this
1. Microwaves have smaller wavelengths than radio waves. They are used in
satellite communications, radar, television transmission and cooking.
2. A radar system consists of an antenna, transmitter, and a receiver.
3. A cell phone is a radio transmitter and receiver that use microwaves.
4. Communication satellites travel around the earth at an altitude of 35, 000 km above the equator. They
move at a speed of 11 300 km/h and revolve around the earth every 24 hours.
5. Antennae are mounted to point in fixed directions towards these satellites.
Science
Explore
Applied what you have learned

A.
1. Microwave is used for satellite communication because it can penetrate
the atmosphere of the earth.
2. 35, 000 km above the equator
3. Microwave signals
4. Microwaves are used to transmit news coverage from mobile broadcast
vehicles back to the station.
5. In a microwave oven, foods absorb certain microwave frequencies very
strongly. The microwaves penetrate the food being heated. It will agitate
the water molecules within the food, thus creating molecular friction
which then produces heat that will cook the food.
B. 4 A.
1 B.
2 C.
3 D.
C.
A
D
E
I
Science
Reflect
I have learned that Microwaves have a range of applications, including communications, radar and, perhaps
best known by most people, cooking. Electromagnetic radiation is transmitted in waves or particles at
different wavelengths and frequencies. This broad range of wavelengths is known as the electromagnetic
spectrum EM spectrum).
I wish to ask/tell my teacher about/that she is truly amazing.
Reinforcement
A. (extremely low frequency)ELF-(electromagnetic fields)EMF exposure has been shown to increase oxidative
stress in some models like chick embryos , mammalian cultured cells , and human erythrocytes . The increased
oxidative stress involves oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation , and may cause a number of systemic
disturbances . Spreading evidence suggests that environmental and artificial magnetic fields have a significant
impact on the cardiovascular systems of animals and humans . Recent studies showed that static magnetic
fields decreased arterial baroreflex sensitivity in rabbits .
Under pharmacologically induced hypertensive conditions, the exposure to nonuniform MF to rabbits
significantly attenuated the vasoconstriction and suppressed the elevation of blood pressure . Recently, it has
been studied the possibility that heat generation and the activation of the inducible form of nitric oxide
synthase may be the possible cause of the biological effects of EMF exposure .Some recent epidemiologic
studies have suggested that the exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF)
affect human health, because of the incidence of certain types of cancer, depression, and miscarriage have
been increased among individuals living or working in environments exposed to such fields [1-3]. Some of
these studies have shown associations between exposure to power-frequency (50–60 Hz) magnetic fields and
increased health risk [4,5], but other studies have not shown such a link [6]. The results described above are
not completely conclusive, since in several cases they are contradictory.
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields exposure is generally believed to be innocuous for human
health due to their low-level energy exposition, which is of a magnitude well below that required to affect the
metabolic rate of the human body [3,7,8]. However, an increasing number of studies have reported that ELF-
EMF exposure is capable to eliciting in vivo and in vitro bioeffects [9-12]. ELF-EMF exposure has shown to
increase oxidative-stress in some models like chick embryos [13], mammalian cultured cells [14], and human
erythrocytes [15]. The increased oxidative-stress involves oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation [16], and
may cause a number of systemic disturbances [17].
Spreading evidence suggests that environmental and artificial magnetic fields have significant impact on
cardiovascular systems of animals and humans [18-21]. Recent studies showed that static magnetic fields
decreased arterial baroreflex sensitivity in rabbits [22]. Under pharmacologically induced hypertensive
conditions, the exposure to nonuniform MF to rabbits, significantly attenuated the vasoconstriction and
suppressed the elevation of blood pressure [23]. In contrast, microwaves increase skin temperature and
therefore cause vasodilatation in normal subjects exposed during 30 minutes [24]. Also, human blood
platelets exposed in vitro to microwaves produced by mobile phones (operating at 900 MHz), increased the
thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production and significantly depleted the superoxide
dismutase-1 activity [17]. Recently, it has been studied the possibility that heat generation and the activation
of the inducible form of nitric oxide (NO) synthase may be the possible causes of the biological effects of EMF
exposure [25-27].
Science
On the other hand, beneficial effects of ELF-EMF have also been reported. In diet-induced
hypercholesterolemic rabbits, pulsed of EMF lowers total cholesterol and triacylglycerols levels [28]; similar
results have been found in rats [29] and mice [30], both fed on control diets. Despite the above mentioned
studies, there are not enough data to know the time-course effects of ELF-EMF on lipid and lipoperoxide levels
in biological models. Then, the aim of the present study was to investigate, in the rat, the time-course effects
of a single ELF-EMF stimulation on serum and liver lipid concentrations, as well as liver lipoperoxide
production.
B. The other applications where microwaves used are medical treatments, drying materials, and in households
for the preparation of food.
Assess what you have learned

1. A
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. 4
8. 1
9. 2
10.3
Science
Electromagnetic Waves:Infrared and Visible Light

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