Service Manual R721 TYPE GOVERNOR

Service Manual R721 TYPE GOVERNOR
Item : Orientation
Time: 20Minutes
OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance Comments( Blue letters to be written on

points) a blackboard, or names on cut-away
sample
1. Greeting Blackboard: Name/ Company Name,
2. Lecturer introduction Location/Main Business Duties/Air
3. Materials Check and Curriculum Conditioning Experience/Other.
Explanation
4. Cautions
5. Self Introduction
Item : 4-5. R721 TYPE GOVERNOR
Time: 5 Minutes
OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

to be written on a
blackboard, or names on
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-18 Explain the name of parts.
Below parts are key points.
1. Control lever Tension lever
2. Floating lever
3. Start spring
4. Damper spring
5. Adaptor spring
6. Idling spring
7. Control rack
8. Flyweight
9. Governor sleeve
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-19 (1) Flyweight and Camshaft
Two weights are mounted on the camshaft. When the
flyweights open outward, the rollers that are attached
to the ends of the flyweights push the shoulder of the
governor sleeve to the right.
(2) Levers and Springs ( Fig. 4-18 )

The governor can be made to function as a minimum
/ maximum-speed governor by fixing the speed –
control lever to the maximum engine speed and
operating the adjusting lever via the accelerator pedal.
It can be made to function as an all – speed governor
by fixing the adjusting lever to the full – load position
and operating the speed – control lever.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
(3) Operation
Fig. 4-20 a. Starting the Engine
To help the engine start easily, a sufficient volume of
fuel is injected during cranking.
Note: Fig. 4-20 is a schematic diagram for explaining

the operation of the mechanism and does not
necessarily depict the actual mechanism.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-21 b. Idling Speed Control
The flyweight assembly is rotating at a low speed,
and the small centrifugal force that is generated in the
flyweights balances with the combined spring force of
the start and idle springs, thus implementing a
smooth idle control.
If the engine speed exceeds the specified idle speed,

the flyweights open wider. This movement pull the
control rack towards the “ fuel decrease “ direction.
If the engine speed drops below the specified idle
speed, the flyweights close inward. This movement
causes the control rack to move towards the “fuel
increase” direction to maintain the engine speed at
the specified idle speed.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-22 ■ Lever Ratio During Idle
The lever ratio can be calculated by the following
formula:
(a+b) d
―――― × ――――
Fig. 4-23 a (c+d)
■ Idling Spring Operation
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-24
The idling spring are actually enclosed in the tension
lever. As the pump speed increases, first the outer
spring applies tension, followed by the inner spring.
The role of the outer idling spring is to stabilize the

engine speed at the specified idle speed. Meanwhile,
the role of the inner idling spring is to push the control
rack in the “ fuel increase” direction to improve
acceleration in the low-speed range.
C. Medium Speed Control under Full Load
Fig. 4-25
The driver can directly control the injection control the
injection volume by operating the accelerator pedal
because the governor does not assume control
during the medium-speed range.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-26 When the driver presses the accelerator pedal, the
adjusting lever moves from the idle to the full-load
position. Refer to Fig. 4-26.
↓
The floating lever which pivots on point A, to turn to
the left to press the control rack in the “fuel increase”
direction.
↓
The engine speed increases.
During the medium-speed range, the driver can

directly control the injection volume by operating the
accelerator pedal because the governor does not
assume control.
Service Manual IN-LINE PUMP ( A TYPE PUMP )
1. PRECAUTIONS IN PUMP SERVICING
Time: 5Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-27 d. Maximum Speed Control
The engine speed at which the control rack begins to
move remains unchanged regardless of the position
of the adjusting lever.
Fig. 4-28 The lever ratio during the maximum speed control is
as much as 1:6.4. This means that any movement of
the control block is multiplied 6.4 times at the control
rack, resulting in an improved maximum speed
control.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-29 e. Weight Stroke
The weight stroke is the distance of the axial
movement of the governor sleeve and the control
block, resulting from the centrifugal force generated in
the flyweights. The weight stroke increases
continuously in proportion to the pump speed.
The relationship between the weight stroke and

Fig. 4-30 control rack position.
Rack position : R2-R1=Idling stroke:

L1 × lever ratio:0.9
Area B is due to the high – speed control stroke.

Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-31 f. Characteristics Curves
This area is a key point.
Line A-F is the full-load characteristics curve.
Line G-M is the idling characteristics curve.
Line A-B indicates the rack position when the engine
is started.
Line B-C indicates that the pump speed is insufficient
for the control block to overcome the spring force of
the inner idling spring.
Line C-D shows the inner idling spring in a
compressed state, and the control block in direct
contact with the tension lever, thus preventing the
control rack from moving even if the speed is
increased.
Point D is the point at which the maximum high-
speed control begins to take effect.
Point F shows the rack position in which the engine
can operate in the no-load state.
Point F shows that the control rack is pulled in further,
to the position where no fuel is delivered.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Line G-H shows the state in which the pump speed is
extremely low, where only the start spring acts to
push the control rack.
Line I-J-K shows the state in which the outer idling
spring is active.
Point J is the idling speed point.
Line K-L shows the state in which the action of the
inner idling spring is added.
Line L-M shows that the centrifugal force of the
flyweights increased, thus compressing all the idling
springs and causing the control block to come in
contact with the tension lever.
The dotted line shows the characteristics when a
damper spring is installed to prevent the engine from
stalling.
R721 type Governor with Adaptor Spring.

Fig. 4-32
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-33 The R 721 type governor can be modified to become
a forward-adaptation governor by installing an
adaptor spring to the adaptor screw of the tension
lever.
The governor characteristics accommodate engine

Fig. 4-34 requirements so that, at low speeds, the distance the
control rack travels is made far greater than at high
speeds.
Fig. 4-35 ■ Why Forward-Adaptation Characteristics are

Needed.
The air intake efficiency of an engine lowers as the
engine speed increases.
The volume of fuel delivered per stroke of the
injection pump plunger has a tendency to increase
even at a given control rack position.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-36 This is the reason why the control rack is designed to
move in the “fuel-increase” direction in the low-speed
range, so that the air – fuel ratio can be maintained
almost constant. This increases the engine torque at
low speeds, thus enabling the engine to attain its full
potential.
Fig. 4-37 h. Speed Droop

The engine’s maximum rpm at a given adjusting
lever position is slightly higher in a no-load state than
in a full-load state, because the governor’s control
operation depends on pump speed.
( Nn-Nf )
Speed-droop factor = ―――― × １００(%)
Nf
The speed-droop factor is a measure that represents

the effectiveness of the governor. Normally, the
smaller the speed-droop factor, the more effective is
the governor. However, because it is affected by
engine performance, the speed-droop factor cannot
be minimized excessively.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-38 i. Stop Lever Operation
The stop lever can be operated only during idling,
because the control rack can move only if the idle
spring is compressed.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-39 J. Limit Spring Operation
The limit spring with a predetermined amount of set
load is mounted onto the governor. The limit spring
consists of a spring adjusting nut, an adaptor screw,
and an adaptor.
When a limit spring is not installed, the control rack

begins traveling in the “ fuel-increase” direction at
pump speed N1.
The fuel-increase function begins when the pump

Fig. 4-40 speed reaches N2, thus restraining the emission of
smoke in the normal operating range between N1 and
N2. In addition, the limit spring provides rack position
Rs, which is needed for starting the engine.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-41 k. Dual – Stage Changeover Lever
1) For road operation, set the adjusting lever ① to

Fig. 4-42 ROAD OPERATION. Thus, the fuel-adjusting lever
can be used to operate the engine, just as with
conventional road vehicles.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-43 2) For stationary operation, set the adjusting lever ①
to STATIONARY OPERATION, thus fixing the fuel-
adjusting lever to the FULL-LOAD position.
Fig. 4-44 4-6. R722 TYPE GOVERNOR

Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-45 (1) Construction and Operation Outline
R722 type governor is similar to R 722 type governor.
The R722 type governor is equipped with an
additional function of the reverse adaptation system.
Fig. 4-46 ① When the speed increases and the guide lever
moves to the right, the reverse adaptation lever turns
to the left, causing the adjusting screw, which is
screwed into the lever, to contact control lever B.
Fig. 4-47 ② This force overcomes the plate spring and pushes
control lever B, causing the control rack to move in
the “ fuel-increase” direction.
At high speeds, the R722 type governor increases the

fuel delivery volume according to engine needs, as
illustrated by the governor characteristics diagram
shown in Fig. 4-46. The reverse adaptation
characteristics occur only when the adjusting lever is
at or near the full-load position.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-48 (2) Operation
a. Starting the Rngine
Step1 The flyweights are at the rest position when

the engine is stopped.
Step 2 When the driver presses the accelerator
pedal, the governor adjusting lever moves to
the full-load position.
Step 3 The floating lever turns to the left, pivoting on
point A.
Step 4 A constant force is applied by the start spring
to pull the control lever to the left, this force
pushes the control rack to the start position.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
b. Idling Speed Control
Fig. 4-49
Once the engine starts and the driver releases the
accelerator pedal.
Step1 The adjusting lever returns to the idle position.

Step2 The floating lever, which pivots on point A,
turns to the right.
Step3 Causing the control rack to move in the “fuel
decrease” direction.
Step4 The small centrifugal force that is generated
in the flyweights balances with the combined
spring force of the start and idle springs, thus
implementing a smooth idle control.
Step5 If the engine speed exceeds the specified idle
speed, the flyweight will open wider, causing
the governor sleeve and the control block to
move to the right.
Step6 The guide lever, which pivots on point C,
turns to the right, causing point E to move to
the right.
Step7 The control lever which pivots on point B will
be turned to the left and to pull the control
rack towards the “ fuel decrease “ direction.
Step8 As a result, the engine speed decreases, thus
maintaining the specified idle speed.
Conversely, if the engine speed drops below the

specified idle speed, the flyweights close inward. This
results in reversing the above operations, causing the
control rack to move towards the “fuel increase”
direction to maintain the engine speed at the
specified speed.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-50 c. Reverse Adaptation Control
Step 1 When the driver presses the accelerator

pedal, the adjusting lever moves from the idle
to the full – load position.
Step 2 This causes the floating lever, which pivots on
point A, to turn to the left to press the control
Fig. 4-51 rack in the “fuel increase” direction.
Engine speed increase.
Step 3 The flyweights compress the idle springs and

move the governor sleeve and the control
block to the right.
After compressing the idling springs inside the

adaptor the control block next applies pressure on the
adaptor spring. However, the control block
encounters the adaptor spring’s strong tension and
the control block pauses in this state.
Step 4 When the engine speed increases further,

and the centrifugal force that is generated in the
flyweights becomes greater than the force of the
adaptor spring,
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-52 d. Maximum Speed Control
Step 1 When the engine exceeds the specified
maximum speed, the centrifugal force of the
flyweights becomes greater than the tension
of the control spring that is applied to the
tension lever.
Fig. 4-53 Step 2 The bottom of the tension lever moves to the
right.
Step 3 Point A of the floating lever moves to the right.
Step 4 Also point B at the top moves to the right.
Step 5 Also Point E moves to the right.
Step 6 The entire control lever moves to the right
and pulls the control rack in the “fuel decrease”
direction.
The engine speed is maintained within the specified

maximum speed.
Time: 5 Minutes

to be written on a
cut-away sample
Fig. 4-54 e. Characteristics Curves
Fig. 4-54 shows the characteristics curves that
represent the relationship between the control rack
position and the pump speed of the R722 type
governor.
Please explain characteristics curves each line from

A to O step by step.

Service Manual R721 TYPE GOVERNOR

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Service Manual R721 TYPE GOVERNOR

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance Comments( Blue letters to be written on

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

(2) Levers and Springs ( Fig. 4-18 )

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

Note: Fig. 4-20 is a schematic diagram for explaining

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

If the engine speed exceeds the specified idle speed,

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

The role of the outer idling spring is to stabilize the

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

During the medium-speed range, the driver can

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

The relationship between the weight stroke and

Rack position : R2-R1=Idling stroke:

Area B is due to the high – speed control stroke.

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

R721 type Governor with Adaptor Spring.

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

The governor characteristics accommodate engine

Fig. 4-35 ■ Why Forward-Adaptation Characteristics are

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

Fig. 4-37 h. Speed Droop

The speed-droop factor is a measure that represents

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

When a limit spring is not installed, the control rack

The fuel-increase function begins when the pump

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

1) For road operation, set the adjusting lever ① to

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

Fig. 4-44 4-6. R722 TYPE GOVERNOR

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

At high speeds, the R722 type governor increases the

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

Step1 The flyweights are at the rest position when

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

Step1 The adjusting lever returns to the idle position.

Conversely, if the engine speed drops below the

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

Step 1 When the driver presses the accelerator

Engine speed increase.

Step 3 The flyweights compress the idle springs and

After compressing the idling springs inside the

Step 4 When the engine speed increases further,

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

The engine speed is maintained within the specified

OHP Contents(Item in red are guidance points) Comments( Blue letters

Please explain characteristics curves each line from

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