UNIT 12: Adjective Clauses With Prepositions Adjective Phrase

UNIT 12 :
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS;

ADJECTIVE PHRASE
1.Adjective clauses with prepositions

1.1
The teacher is friendly. I talk to her
The flower is beautiful. I’m looking at it
When we combine two sentences using an adjective clause with a preposition, ask
yourself "What is being described?"
- Teacher (person)
- Flower (thing)
Then determine if you're supposed to write the combined sentence as formal or
informal.
This will help you choose your relative pronoun and the placement of the
preposition.?"
1.2
• Adjective clauses with prepositions only occur when the
relative pronoun is referring to an object (the object of a preposition)
- We use who, whom, that, which, and whose with prepositions
- When a sentence is formal, we move the preposition to the front of the
clause
• Bill is the man to whom I spoke.
• That's the film to which he referred.
1.3
• When the preposition is at the front, we only use whom and which!
- When a sentence is informal, we keep the preposition at the end of the
adjective clause
• Bill is the man who (whom) I spoke to.
• That's the film that (which) he referred to.
• Why did I change whom → who and which → that
• Remember they are both correct!
1.4
• A preposition cannot come at the beginning of a clause with that
• That is the studio for which he works.
• That is the studio that he works for.
1.5
• When we place the preposition at the end, we can omit the relative pronoun
• He has a daughter (that) he's estranged from.
• That's the screenwriter (who) I read about.
• When the preposition comes first, we cannot remove the relative
pronoun
• He has a daughter from whom he's estranged.
• Notice, I changed that!
• That's the screenwriter about whom I read.
• BE CAREFUL! You can never remove whose!
• He's the director whose films I go to.
• He's the director to whose films I go.
IDENITFYING/NON-IDENTIFYING
• Adjective clauses with prepositions can be both identifying AND non-
identifying
• The film to which I'm referring is Avatar.
• Avatar, to which I'm referring, is exciting.
Main Adjective clause

clause
People/ preposition Relative preposition

Things pronoun
He is the to whom She was

actor talking
Who(m) She was To.

That talking
Ø*
It is the for which He works

studio
Which He works For.
That
Ø*
That is the whose Movie I about

director told you
That is the Director I of

movie spoke
Ø*= no pronoun
2. Using Quantifiers
 He made eight films, all of which I like.
 The structure: quantifier + of + relative pronoun
 Relative pronouns:
 Whom = modifying people
 Which = modifying things
 Whose = possession
 Always formal
 Always non- identifying (commas)
EXAMPLES OF QUANTIFIERS : all, any, both, each, enough, every,
few/a few/ fewer, little/ a little/ less, may, more, no, several…
Main clauses Adjective clause
People/ Things quantifier of Relative pronoun
I have many friends, All of whom are actors
I was in a lot of movie, most which were successes

a number
That’s the director, whose Movie are classics
Some a few
That’s the movie Several Actors got awards
A couple
two
3. Noun + “of which”
• If you want to use the adjective clause to provide a specific example of the thing
you are modifying, you use noun + of which.
• Very often the noun is the word example
• I like soda, an example of which is Coca Cola.
• Main Clause: Action movies are very popular.
• Think of an example of a popular action movie and write it down.
• Transformers
• Action movies, an example of which is Transformers, are very
popular.
Main clause Adjective clause

things noun Of which
He made comedies, An example Of which Is some like it hot
I love that series, An example She directed
REDUCING TO ADJECTIVE PHRASES

-We reduce sentences when you have the same subject in the main clause and the
adjective clause.
-The reduced adjective clause becomes an adjective phrase, which does not have a
subject.
-An adjective phrase does not have a subject and a verb.
-Instead, it has a present participle (base form + ing) for the active voice or a past
participle for the passive voice.
• My friend was scared by the horror film. My friend screamed.

• My friend, who was shocked by the horror film, screamed.
• My friend, shocked by the horror film, screamed.
PAST PARTICIPLE
• You usually don’t reduce when there is only an adjective!
• If the adjective is by itself it should go before the noun not after
• The elephant is pink. It is jumping up and down.
• The elephant that is pink is jumping up and down.
• The elephant pink is jumping up and down.
• The elephant is covered in pink paint. It is jumping up and down.
• The elephant that is covered in pink paint is jumping up and down.
• The elephant covered in pink paint is jumping up and down.
Adjective clause
He’s the actor Who’s from the film school.
I saw the film Which is based on that book
That’s the man Who was in charge of lighting

I read the script That are on my deck
Adjective clause
He’s the actor from the film school.
I saw the film based on that book
That’s the man in charge of lighting
I read the script are on my deck
CHANGING ADJECTIVE CLAUSE TO ADJECTIVE PHRASES

An adjective clause is a reduction of an adjective clause. It modifies
a noun verb. The adjective clause in [a] can be reduced to the adjective
phrase in [b], [a] and [b] have the same meaning. It does not contain a
subject and Only Adjective Clauses that have a subject pronoun, who,
which, or that - are reduced to modifying adjective phrases. The adjective
clause in [e] cannot be educed adjective phrase.
Adjective clause
He’s the actor Who plays the king
Troy is an epic Which stars Brad Pitt
It’s a love story That takes place in

Rome
Adjective phrase
He’s the actor playing the king
Troy is an epic starring Brad Pitt
It’s a love story taking place in Rome

UNIT 12: Adjective Clauses With Prepositions Adjective Phrase

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UNIT 12 :

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS;

1.Adjective clauses with prepositions

Main Adjective clause

People/ preposition Relative preposition

He is the to whom She was

Who(m) She was To.

It is the for which He works

That is the whose Movie I about

That is the Director I of

Main clauses Adjective clause

People/ Things quantifier of Relative pronoun

I have many friends, All of whom are actors

I was in a lot of movie, most which were successes

3. Noun + “of which”

Main clause Adjective clause

He made comedies, An example Of which Is some like it hot

I love that series, An example She directed

REDUCING TO ADJECTIVE PHRASES

• My friend was scared by the horror film. My friend screamed.

He’s the actor Who’s from the film school.

I saw the film Which is based on that book

That’s the man Who was in charge of lighting

He’s the actor from the film school.

I saw the film based on that book

That’s the man in charge of lighting

I read the script are on my deck

CHANGING ADJECTIVE CLAUSE TO ADJECTIVE PHRASES

He’s the actor Who plays the king

Troy is an epic Which stars Brad Pitt

It’s a love story That takes place in

He’s the actor playing the king

Troy is an epic starring Brad Pitt

It’s a love story taking place in Rome

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